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EC number: 276-957-5 | CAS number: 72869-86-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 01 Sep - 08 Jul 2009
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- pH changes exceeded the 1.5 units during the test, temperature was higher than defined in the guideline.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht, Mainz, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all test concentrations were sampled and measured at the beginning and at the end of the test
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: the test item is not sufficient soluble, thus the water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared in a second analytical test performed for 0 and 100 mg test item/L. The nominal load was weighed, adding the corresponding amount of dilution water and shaking vigorously for 24 h. The solution was then filtered (45 µm filters) and used to prepare the treatments. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: Chodat
- Source: collection of alga, Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie, University of Goettingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 5 d
- Method of cultivation: algae are kept as stock culture on solid agar at 8 °C
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 96 h
- Culturing media and conditions: an aliquot of the stock culture containing a few cells was transferred into pre-culture medium. This culture was then diluted 1:1 with pre-culture medium and incubated for another 24 h. The resulting culture was growing exponentially. After the adjustment to a cell concentration of about 6 x 10^4 cells/mL through photometric measurements and addition of algal medium, the culture was usable for the test. The adjusted pre-culture was mixed with the same amount of 10-fold-nutrient solution. This mixture was the culture used for the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 28 - 32 °C
- pH:
- 7.6 - 9.2 (control), 7.6 - 7.8 (test item)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: round cuvettes d = 10 mm
- Fill volume: 5 mL (was stirred during incubation)
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Initial cells density: 6 x 10^4 cells/mL (verified photometrically)
- Control end cells density: 1454575 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 at the main test, 6 at the limit test
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6 for both main and limit test
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: according to guideline
- Pre-culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH was measured at the beginning and at the end of the test
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity and quality: 6100 - 6200 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of cell concentrations: by photometric measurement of optical density at the beginning of the incubation and every 24 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Limit test: in a first experiment conducted as a limit test with 100 mg test item/L (pH: 7.6 - 8.6, temperature: 29 - 31 °C), an inhibition of 15% based on growth rate and 48.11% based on yield was observed after 72 h. Based on these results five concentrations ranging from 4.6 - 100 mg/L were tested in the main test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.68 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: corresponding to 100 mg/L nominal concentration
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.68 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: corresponding to 100 mg/L nominal concentration
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes, increase by a factor of 117 in the main study
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: yes
- ErC50 (72 h): 0.82 mg/L (95% CI 0.68 - 1.12 mg/L)
- NOEC (72 h): 0.16 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For the treatment with the test item concentrations of 0.21 and 0.68 mg/L (46 and 100 mg/L nominal), it was evaluated with a t-test whether the differences between treatment and control were significant.
Biological results base on the mean measured concentrations. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
Reference
Table 1: Measured concentrations in mg/L and the corresponding recovery raters in %.
Nominal concentr. in mg/L | Measured concentr. in mg/L | Recovery after 72 h | % of nominal concentr. | Mean of measured concentr. in mg/L | ||
0 h | 72 h | 0 h | 72 h | |||
0 | < LOQ | < LOQ | - | - | - | - |
4.6 | < LOQ | < LOQ | - | - | - | < LOQ |
10 | 0.17 | < LOQ | - | 1.7 | - | - |
22 | < LOQ | < LOQ | - | - | < LOQ | |
46 | 0.44 | 0.1 | 23% | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.21 |
100 | 1.28 | 0.36 | 28% | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.68 |
Low recoveries of the test item at the end of the study (after 72 h) could be attributed to adsorption of the test material on the algal cells. Because of the unexpected low measured concentrations an additional experiment was performed with water accommodated fractions of the test item and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: Measured concentrations of the test item when prepared as WAF in both deionised and dilution water filtered and unfiltered.
Nominal concentr. in mg/L | Measured concentr. in mg/L in deionised water | Measured concentr. in mg/L in dilution water | ||
filtered | unfiltered | filtered | unfiltered | |
100 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 2 | 1.8 |
Table 3: Growth rate and yield as well as % of inhibition values in the main study.
Nominal concentr. in mg/L | Mean growth rate/day | % Inhibition growth rate | Mean yield [cell concentr./mL] | % Inhibition yield |
0 | 1.59 | 0 | 1442125 | 0 |
4.6 | 1.59 | -0.09 | 1448350 | -0.43 |
10 | 1.58 | 0.33 | 1419300 | 1.58 |
22 | 1.59 | -0.41 | 1471175 | -2.01 |
46 | 1.60 | -0.81 | 1500225 | -4.03 |
100 | 1.55 | 2.31 | 1290650 | 10.5 |
For the treatment with the test item concentrations of 0.21 and 0.68 mg/L (46 and 100 mg/L nominal), it was evaluated with a t-test whether the differences of growth rate as well as yield between treatment and control were significant.
Table 4: Significance evaluation via t-test.
Nominal concentr. in mg/L | 46 mg/L | 100 mg/L | ||
Endpoint | Growth rate | Yield | Growth rate | Yield |
Calculated t-value | 2 | 2 | 11.62 | 11.21 |
Tabulated t-value | 2 | 2 | 2.36 | 2.36 |
Significance | no | no | yes | yes |
Table 5: Further effect concentrations of the tested item.
NOEC (yield) | 0.21 mg/L |
LOEC (yield) | 0.68 mg/L |
EbC50 | > 0.68 mg/L |
EC50 (yield) | > 0.68 mg/L |
EC100 (growth rate) | > 0.68 mg/L |
EC100 (biomass) | > 0.68 mg/L |
EC100 (yield) | > 0.68 mg/L |
Description of key information
ErC50 (72 h) > 0.68 mg/L (mean measured, corresponding to 100 mg/L nominal) for Desmodesmus subspicatus based on growth rate (OECD 201)
NOErC (72 h) = 0.21 mg/L (mean measured) for Desmodesmus subspicatus based on growth rate (OECD 201)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.21 mg/L
Additional information
One study is available, in which the toxicity of the substance (CAS 72869-86-4) to algae was investigated. Two experiments are listed in the report. In the first one a limit test with 100 mg/L was conducted and due to observed inhibition effects a second study with 5 concentrations was set up. The water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared. The nominal load was weighed, adding the corresponding amount of dilution water and shaking vigorously for 24 h. The solution was then filtered (45 µm filters) and used to prepare the treatments. The test was conducted according to OECD 201 and GLP. The freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was exposed in the main study to the nominal test item concentrations of 0 (control), 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L for 72 h. An analytical monitoring was performed via HPLC-UV-VIS resulting to low recoveries of the tested substance (max 28%). Biological effects were observed and resulted in NOEC (72 h) of 0.21 mg/L and EC50 (72 h) of > 0.68 mg/L (both mean measured, based on growth rate).
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