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EC number: 204-854-7 | CAS number: 127-65-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Remarks:
- A test with Chloramine-T trihydrate was performed according to NEN 6512 2nd design and ISO TC 147 SC 5 WG 1 N 52.
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1982
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- little detail is given in the final report. The information presented is however sufficient for evaluation of the effects on sludge bacteria.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: NEN 6512 (Dutch national guideline)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO TC 147 SC 5 WG 1 N 52
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A test with Chloramine-T trihydrate was performed according to NEN 6512 2nd design and ISO TC 147 SC 5 WG 1 N 52. Three different tests were performed:
Respiration inhibition of activated sludge from a domestic water treatment plant (Duiven, The Netherlands) with sodium acetate as a substrate.
Respiration inhibition of nitrifying sludge from an enrichment culture using ammonium carbonate as nutrition and addition.
Inhibition of methane production in anaerobic methane fermentation sludge. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- pre-GLP
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Strain: activated sludge
- Source/supplier: WWTP, Nieuwgraaf, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Laboratory culture: no
- Method of cultivation: no
- Pretreatment: no pretreatment.
- Controls: yes
- Initial cell concentration: not described - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 5 min
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Concentrations: 2, 10, 50 and 500 mg/l
- Details on test conditions:
- - Type: aquatic
- Exposure vessel type: glass
- Number of replicates: single-fold - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 5 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- other: respiration inhibition activated sludge
- Duration:
- 5 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 700 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- other: respiration inhibition nitrifying sludge
- Duration:
- 5 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- other: methane production inhibition sludge
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- ECn values determined by linear interpolation of data.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Respiration inhibition activated sludge: EC50 5 mg/L
Respiration inhibition nitrifying sludge: EC50 700 mg/L
Methane production inhibition sludge: EC50 1000 mg/L - Executive summary:
A test with Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate was performed according to NEN 6512 2nd design and ISO TC 147 SC 5 WG 1 N 52. Three different tests were performed: Respiration inhibition of activated sludge from a domestic water treatment plant (Duiven, The Netherlands) with sodium acetate as a substrate.
Respiration inhibition of nitrifying sludge from an enrichment culture using ammonium carbonate as nutrition and addition.
Inhibition of methane production in anaerobic methane fermentation sludge.
There is a great difference in sensitivity between the respiration inhibition of sludge and nitrifying sludge. The methane production from glucose is slowed down significantly at 100-1000 mg/L at 10000 mg/L this is totally inhibited.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1988
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Not enough data available to assess validity.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Robra test (German national guideline)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Inhibition of respiration of Pseudomonas putida was determined after exposure of an active culture with Halamid for several minutes.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudomonas putida
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: aquatic
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 0.001 other: %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate inhibits bacterial respiration at low concentrations (0.001%) with almost 100% inhibition at 0.5% Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- GLP study according to protocol.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Chloramine T was added to the incubation vessels using a stock solution of approximately 1.0 g/L. The stock solutionwas prepared by dissolving 0.10 g Chloramine T in 100 mL deionized water.
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- Unadapted secondary activated sludge was obtained (05-12-2011) from the WWTP Nieuwgraaf in Duiven. The WWTP Duiven is an activated sludge plant treating predominantly domestic wastewater. Prior to use the activated sludge was homogenized with a syringe. The dry weight of the homogenized activated sludge was determined and subsequently concentrated by settlement to the required dry weight concentration. The dry weight of the activated sludge in the incubation vessels was 1.5 g/L.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.9 - 20.9 °C
- pH:
- 6.9 - 7.5
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Aeration: no
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
Synthetic sewage feed and stocks:
The synthetic sewage feed was made by dissolving the following amounts of substances in 1 liter of deionized water: 16 g peptone, 11 g meat extract, 3 g urea, 0.7 g NaCl, 0.3 g CaCl2, 0.2 g MgSO4.7H2O, 2.8 g K2HPO4. In the incubation vessels 1.6 mL of the synthetic sewage feed is added in a total volume of 50 mL.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : repsiration rate
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: Not performed - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 37 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I. 16-78 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 14 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC50 of the reference compound is 12 mg/L on the first day and 15 mg/L on the second day, which is within the prescribed range of 2 to 25 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Probit analysis.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test is performed accordding to standard guideline under GLP, therefore the test can be considered reliable. Validity criteria were met, therefore the test is valid.
- Executive summary:
In order to predict effects of chemicals in the environment and in biological waste water treatment plants, an activated sludge respiration inhibition test was performed. The toxicity to activated sludge was determined in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 209, and in compliance with the OECD principles of Good Laboratory Practice. The test was performed on two subsequent days after collection of the activated sludge. The test is valid as shown by the coefficient of variation of the replicates of the control oxygen uptake rates (5% on the first day and 6% on the second day), the EC50 of the reference compound 3,5-dichlorophenol (12 mg/L on the first day and 15 mg/L on the second day) and the average control oxygen uptake rate of 18 mg O2/g dry weight/hour on the first day and 36 mg O2/g dry weight/hour on the second day. The oxygen uptake rate on the first day is slightly lower than prescribed. Accurate oxygen uptake rate measurements were very well possible as shown by the very low coefficient of variation. Therefore this is a minor deviation which does not invalidate the test. The increase in the oxygen uptake rates on the second day compared to the first day does not significantly influence the sensitivity of the activated sludge as shown by the EC50 values of the reference substance. The toxicity of Halamid PG to activated sludge was determined at a contact time of 3 hours, using various concentrations of the test substance. The inhibitory effect of Halamid PG at a particular concentration is expressed as a percentage of the two controls. From the results EC values were calculated. The EC50 of Halamid PG for activated sludge after 3 hours contact time is 37 mg/L with 95% confidence limits of 16 and 78 mg/L. The EC10, EC20 and EC80 are 14, 20 and 71 mg/L, respectively. Halamid PG is therefore considered harmful to activated sludge.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: Bioassay for monitoring biochemical methane potential and anaerobic toxicity, W.F. Owen et al, Water Research, 13 (1979).pp. 485-492
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- anaerobic bacteria from a domestic water treatment plant
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: aquatic
- Duration:
- 40 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1 000 mg/L
- Duration:
- 40 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 10 000 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: Blok, J. Respirometric measurments on activated sludge, Water Research Vol. 8 (1974), pp.11-18
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- other: other bacteria: Nitrifying bacteria
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: aquatic
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 700 mg/L
Referenceopen allclose all
Respiration inhibition activated sludge |
|
Concentration Chloramine-T trihydrate mg/L in sludge |
% Respiration inhibition |
500 |
100 |
50 |
80 |
10 |
70 |
2 |
0-20 |
Respiration inhibition nitrifying sludge |
|
Concentration Chloramine-T trihydrate mg/L in sludge |
% Respiration inhibition |
2500 |
90 |
1000 |
81 |
500 |
15 |
100 |
10 |
50 |
6 |
Methane production inhibition sludge After 40 days incubation with Chloramine-T trihydrate , average DOC of Chloramine-T trihydrate is 0.3 mg/mg |
||
Sample |
DOC values |
Average |
Blanc |
200* 126 |
126 |
glucose |
126 120 138 |
128 |
Glucose + 1 mg Chloramine-T trihydrate/L |
135 113 |
124 |
Glucose + 10 mg Chloramine-T trihydrate/L |
130 120 |
125 |
Glucose + 100 mg Chloramine-T trihydrate/L |
161 159 |
160 |
Glucose + 1000 mg Chloramine-T trihydrate/L |
478 467 |
473 |
Glucose + 10000 mg Chloramine-T trihydrate/L |
2497 2697 |
2584 |
*this value was disturbed by suspended sludge
There is a great difference in sensitivity between the respiration inhibition of sludge and nitrifying sludge. The methane production from glucose is slowed down significantly at 100-1000 mg/L at 10000 mg/L this is totally inhibited.
RS-Freetext:
RESULTS: EXPOSED
- Nominal/measured concentrations: nominal
- Effect data/Element values: EC 50 and 100
RESULTS CONTROL: no effect
STATISTICAL RESULTS: ECn values determined by linear
interpolation of data.
RS-Freetext:
RESULTS: EXPOSED
- Nominal/measured concentrations: nominal
- Effect data/Element values: EC 50
RESULTS CONTROL: no effect
STATISTICAL RESULTS: ECn values determined by linear
interpolation of data.
Description of key information
Multiple guideline studies regarding toxicity to microorganisms are available. The study with the lowest EC50 value is considered key.
A test with Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate was performed according to NEN 6512 2nd design and ISO TC 147 SC5WG1N52. Three different tests were performed: Respiration inhibition of activated sludge from a domestic water treatment plant (Duiven, The Netherlands) with sodium acetate as a substrate. Respiration inhibition of nitrifying sludge from an enrichment culture using ammonium carbonate as nutrition and addition.Inhibition of methane production in anaerobic methane fermentation sludge. There is a great difference in sensitivity between the respiration inhibition of sludge and nitrifying sludge. The methane production from glucose was slowed down significantly at 100-1000 mg/L, and totally inhibited at 10000 mg/L. The EC50 of respiration inhibition of activated, nitrifying and methane production inhibition sludge was 5, 700 and 1000 mg/L respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 5 mg/L
Additional information
The key value deriving the PNEC STP microorganism is based on the most conservative value derived from a klimisch 2 study by Blok (1982). Additional key and supporting studies by Bessems (1988) and Geerts (2012) are available.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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