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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 293-014-3 | CAS number: 91032-08-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 24.5 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 72
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 763 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The only study available used repeated oral treatment, no study using repeated inhalation is available
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- According to ECETOC technical Report 110 remaining differences are inclosed in the allometric extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 294 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 3 526 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The only study available used oral treatment, No study using inhalation is available
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 13.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 72
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The only repeated dose study available used oral treatment, No study using repeated dermal exposure is available
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 167 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No extrapolation used
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
None of the available toxicity studies indicates a relevant hazard. The derived No-Effect-Levels (DNEL) are expected to ensure safe use for all workers. As there are no hazards relevant for classification, no steps were taken to evaluate risks.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 14.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 763 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The only repeated dose study available used oral treatment, No study using repeated dermal exposure is available.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- According to ECETOC technical Report 110 remaining differences are inclosed in the allometric extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 176 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 20
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 763 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The only repeated dose study available used oral treatment, No study using repeated dermal exposure is available.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- According to ECETOC technical Report 110 remaining differences are inclosed in the allometric extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.33 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The only repeated dose study available used oral treatment, No study using repeated dermal exposure is available
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- According to ECETOC technical Report 110 remaining differences are inclosed in the allometric extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 20
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL derived from an acute dermal toxicity study was used
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- According to ECETOC technical Report 110 remaining differences are inclosed in the allometric extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.33 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL of the available subacute oral study in rats was used
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- According to ECETOC technical Report 110 remaining differences are inclosed in the allometric extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance & ECETOC TR 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 20
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL of the available acute oral study in rats was used
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default rat-human allometric scaling factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- According to ECETOC technical Report 110 remaining differences are inclosed in the allometric extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECETOC
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default factor proposed by ECHA
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
In almost all available studies the test item showed no adverse efffects. The only exception being the acute eye irritation study, where mild temporary effects were seen in one of three animals, which were not sufficient for classification. Therefore only a very small hazard is anticipated. In combination with the very limited exposure potential no significant risk is expected. Nevertheless, DNELs were calculated for workers and the general population.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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