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EC number: 931-254-9 | CAS number: 64742-49-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 306 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- neurotoxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 13 964 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- neurotoxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
Exposure to this substance does not result in local effects, therefore, only systemic effect DNELs were calculated. The worker long-term exposure inhalation DNEL for systemic effects is 5306 mg/m3 based on animal data for commercial hexane. The worker long-term dermal DNEL for systemic effects is 5306 mg/m3 as derived from the inhalation DNEL. Note that these values are conserve in that they were derived from studies in which no effects were observed at the highest concentration tested. Note also that the value is “worst case” as the test substance contained approximately 50% n-hexane, which is the most toxic of the C6 aliphatic hydrocarbon species.
Inhalation:
Dose descriptor: NOAEC: 31680 mg/m3(9000 ppm), inhalation route of exposure
Basis for dose descriptor: The test substance, commercial hexane is a mixture of six-carbon isomers comprised primarily of n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, methylcyclopentane, and 2-methylpentane. API (1990) exposed rats via inhalation to commercial hexane (53.45% n-hexane) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks and no neurological effects were found. Daughtrey et al. (1999) exposed rats and mice to commercial hexane (~52% n-hexane) via inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. A complete histopathological examination was conducted and no human relevant effects were detected.
Rationale for selection of dose descriptor: Rats were exposed to commercial hexane (53.45% n-hexane) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks (API, 1990), and rats and mice were exposed to commercial hexane (~52% n-hexane) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. (Daughtrey et al., 1999).
Rationale for selection of dose descriptor: There were no adverse effects observed at the highest concentration tested in the rats exposed to 31680 mg/m3 commercial hexane in both studies. In the Daughtrey et al. (1999) study, there was an increased incidence of hepatocellular (combined adenomas and carcinomas) neoplasms in female mice but tumors were not observed in rats of either sex or in male mice. The neoplasms which were increased were deemed of questionable relevance to human health risk assessment. Based on the data from both of these key studies, the NOAEC was established as 31680 mg/m3commercial hexane.
Dose descriptor: NOAEC, highest concentration tested
Modification of starting value: 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 2 years. Adjustment needed for an 8 hour day
31680 mg/m3 * (6 h/8 h) * (6.7 m3 / 10 m3) = 15919 mg/m3
Using an assessment factor of 3, the worker inhalation systemic DNEL based on commercial hexane data is 5306 mg/m3.
Dermal:
Dose descriptor: NOAEC: 31680 mg/m3 (9000ppm), inhalation route of exposure, based on same studies described above
Modification of starting value: 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 2 years. Adjustment needed for an 8 hour day
31680 mg/m3* (6h/8h) = 23760 mg/m3
Modification of starting value: Route to route extrapolation. ECHA. May 2008. “Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.8: Characterisation of Dose [Concentration]- Response for Human Health. Figure R. 8-3. page 27.
Corrected inhalation NOAEC = Oral NOAEL * (1/sRVrat)*(ABSoral rat/ABSinh human)*(sRVhuman/wRV)
23760 mg/m3= (1/0.38 m3/kg/d) * (1/1) * (6.7 m3/10m3) = 41893 mg/kg
Corrected dermal NOAEL = Oral NOAEL * (ABSoral-rat/ABSdermal-rat)*(ABSdermal-rat/ABSdermal-human
41892 mg/kg * (1/1) * (1/1) = 41893 mg/kg
Applying an assessment factor of 3, the calculated long-term dermal DNEL based on commercial hexane data is 13964 mg/kg/day.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 131 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- neurotoxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 377 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- neurotoxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 301 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
This substance is not classified as acutely toxic according to OECD GHS guidelines; therefore, acute / short-term general population DNELs were not derived.
For the general population, the long-term inhalation DNEL for systemic effects is 1131 mg/m3(approximately 323 mg/kg/day), the long-term dermal DNEL for systemic effects is 1377 mg/kg/day, and the long term DNEL for oral route and systemic effects is 1301 mg/kg/day. Note that these values are conservative in that they were derived from studies in which no effects were observed at the highest concentration tested. Note also that the value is also “worst case” as the test substance contained approximately 50% n-hexane, which is the most toxic of the C6 aliphatic hydrocarbon species.
Inhalation:
Dose descriptor: NOAEC: 31680 mg/m3(9000 ppm), inhalation route of exposure
Basis for dose descriptor: The test substance, commercial hexane is a mixture of six-carbon isomers comprised primarily of n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, methylcyclopentane, and 2-methylpentane. API (1990) exposed rats via inhalation to commercial hexane (53.45% n-hexane) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks and no neurological effects were found. Daughtrey et al. (1999) exposed rats and mice to commercial hexane (~52% n-hexane) via inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. A complete histopathological examination was conducted and no human relevant effects were detected.
Rationale for selection of dose descriptor: Rats were exposed to commercial hexane (53.45% n-hexane) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks (API, 1990), and rats and mice were exposed to commercial hexane (~52% n-hexane) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years (Daughtrey et al., 1999). There were no adverse effects observed at the highest concentration tested in the rats exposed to 31680 mg/m3commercial hexane in both studies. In the Daughtrey et al. (1999) study, there was an increased incidence of hepatocellular (combined adenomas and carcinomas) neoplasms in female mice but tumors were not observed in rats of either sex or in male mice. The neoplasms which were increased were deemed of questionable relevance to human health risk assessment. Based on the data from both of these key studies, the NOAEC was established as 31680 mg/m3commercial hexane.
Dose descriptor: NOAEC, highest concentration tested
Modification of starting value: 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 2 years. Adjustment needed for a 24 hour day
31680 mg/m3* (6h/24h) * (5 days/ 7 days) = 5657 mg/m3
Calculation of Inhalation DNEL: 5657 mg/m3/ Assessment Factor of 5 = 1131 mg/m3 (320ppm)
Dermal:
Dose descriptor: NOAEC: 31680 mg/m3 (9000 ppm), inhalation route of exposure based on the same studies as described for the inhalation DNEL above (see above for basis for dose desriptor, rationale for selection of dose descriptor, and the dose descriptor)
Modification of starting value: 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 2 years. Adjustment needed for a 24 hour day
31680 mg/m3* (6h/24h) = 7920 mg/m3
Modification of starting value: Route to route extrapolation. ECHA. May 2008. “Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.8: Characterisation of Dose [Concentration]- Response for Human Health. Figure R. 8-3. page 27.
Corrected inhalatory NOAEC = Oral NOAEL * (1/sRVrat)*(ABSoral rat/ABSinh rat)*(ABSinh rat/ABSinh-human)
7920mg/m3= (1/1.15 m3/kg/d) * (1/1) = 6887 mg/kg
Corrected dermal NOAEL = Oral NOAEL * (ABSoral-rat/ABSdermal-rat)*(ABSdermal-rat/ABSdermal-human)
6887 mg/kg * (1/1) * (1/1) =6887mg/kg
Calculation of Dermal DNEL: 6887 mg/kg/day / Assessment Factor of 5 = 1377 mg/kg/day
Oral:
Dose descriptor: NOAEC: 31680 mg/m3(9000 ppm), inhalation route of exposure based on the same studies as described for the inhalation DNEL above (see above for basis for dose desriptor, rationale for selection of dose descriptor, and the dose descriptor)
Modification of starting value: Route to route extrapolation. ECHA. May 2008. “Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.8: Characterisation of Dose [Concentration]- Response for Human Health. Figure R. 8-3. page 27.
Corrected inhalatory NOAEC = Oral NOAEL * (1/sRVrat)*(ABSoral rat/ABSinh rat)*(ABSinh rat/ABSinh-human)
7920 mg/m3= (1.15 m3/kg/d) * (1/1) = 9108 mg/kg
Converting from 5 days/week to daily = 9108 mg/kg (5/7) = 6506 mg/kg
Calculation of Oral DNEL: 6506 mg/kg/day / Assessment Factor of 5 = 1301 mg/kg/day
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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