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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 215-215-7 | CAS number: 1313-99-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
GHS
General Information
- Implementation:
- EU
- Type of classification:
- harmonised classification
- Remarks:
- Ni oxide is currently classified as a dermal sensitizer (Skin Sens. 1; H317) according to the 1st ATP to the CLP Regulation. The results of a comprehensive bioaccessibility testing program evaluating release of Ni ion in synthetic sweat from various Ni compounds indicate that green nickel oxide releases significantly less nickel (II) ion compared to nickel substances known to be skin sensitizers, including nickel sulphate and nickel metal, suggesting very low or no sensitization potency. In this same testing black nickel oxide released significantly more than both green nickel oxide and nickel dihydroxide, with black nickel oxide releasing similar amounts to nickel metal. A comprehensive summary on this topic is provided in Section 7.4.1 of IUCLID and as Appendix B3. The bioaccessibility data for black nickel oxide suggest that it may be a skin sensitizer and therefore the current classification of nickel oxide as a skin sensitizer in the CLP is supported. The bioaccessibility data for green nickel oxide suggest that it may not be a skin sensitizer. This is supported by earlier results in a Guinea pig GMPT test that were positive for nickel sulphate and negative for green nickel oxide. Since the bioaccessibility method has not yet been validated in vivo for skin sensitization no change to the existing classification for green nickel oxide is proposed within this registration file.
- Ni oxide is currently classified as Aquatic Chronic 4 (H413: May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life) according to the 1st ATP to the CLP Regulation. However, a recent study evaluating the transformation and dissolution of green Ni oxide using the T/D Protocol (OECD, 2001) found it to be essentially unreactive. The results of the study indicate that the net concentration change in total dissolved Ni for the seven- and 28 day test at 1 mg/L loading at pH 6 and at pH 8 was less than the pH 6 acute, pH 8 acute Ecotoxicity Reference Values(ERVs) for Ni (286 µg Ni/L at pH 6, 146 µg Ni/L at pH 8), and chronic ERVs 23 µg Ni/L at pH 6 and 6 µg Ni/L at pH 8, respectively).Specifically, dissolved Ni concentrations were 0.23 µg Ni/L and <0.1 µg Ni/L at pH 6 and pH 8, respectively. The 10 and 100 mg/L loadings for the seven-day tests at pH 6 and 8 exhibited similar sub µg/L values of total dissolved Ni, which were all below the respective ERVs. Since the total dissolved Ni concentrations for the 7-day acute tests for all loadings and the 28-day chronic test were all significantly less than the respective Ni ERVs, the green Ni oxide would not classify under the GHS. Additional testing indicated that cobalt release was three orders of magnitude lower than the cobalt ERV and therefore would not classify under the GHS.
- Another recent study evaluating the transformation and dissolution of black Ni oxide using the T/D Protocol (OECD, 2001) suggests that a more stringent classification would be appropriate. The results of the study indicate that the net concentration changes in total dissolved Ni for the seven day test at the 1 mg/L loading at pH 6 was 82.8 µg Ni/L and 11.7 µg Ni/L at pH 8. These dissolved Ni concentrations were less than the pH 6 acute and pH 8 acute Ecotoxicity Reference Values (ERVs) for Ni (120 µg Ni/L at pH 6, and 68 µg Ni/L at pH 8, respectively). Based on these results, the black Ni oxide would not classify as Aquatic Chronic 1 (H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects). The 10 mg/L loading was not tested at either pH 6 or 8, but extrapolation of the 1 mg/L loading rate results to a loading rate of 10 mg/L suggests that dissolution at 10 mg/L would exceed the acute ERVs (i.e., assuming that a 10-fold difference in dissolved Ni would accompany the difference in loading rate from 1 to 10 mg/L, dissolved Ni concentrations of approximately 830 µg Ni/L at pH 6 and 120 µg Ni/L at pH 8 would be expected). Exceedance of ERVs at the 10 mg/L loading rate would result in an appropriate classification for black Ni oxide as Aquatic Chronic 2 (H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects).
- While no change to the existing classification is proposed within this registration file, the results of the T/D P testing on green NiO and black NiO can be found in Section 5.6 of IUCLID.
Related composition
- Related composition:
- Nickel monoxide black
- Nickel monoxide green
- Nickel monoxide - LE composition 1
Classificationopen allclose all
Explosives
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Flammable gases and chemically unstable gases
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Aerosols
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Oxidising gases
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Gases under pressure
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Flammable liquids
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Flammable solids
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Self-reactive substances and mixtures
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Pyrophoric liquids
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Pyrophoric solids
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Self-heating substances and mixtures
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Oxidising liquids
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Oxidising solids
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Organic peroxides
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Corrosive to metals
- Reason for no classification:
- data lacking
Desensitized explosives
- Reason for no classification:
- data lacking
Acute toxicity - oral
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Acute toxicity - dermal
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Acute toxicity - inhalation
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Skin corrosion / irritation
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Serious eye damage / eye irritation
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Respiratory sensitisation
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Skin sensitisation
- Hazard category:
- Skin Sens. 1
- Hazard statement:
- H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction.
Aspiration hazard
- Reason for no classification:
- data lacking
Reproductive toxicity
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Effects on or via lactation
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Germ cell mutagenicity
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Carcinogenicity
- Hazard category:
- Carc. 1A
- Hazard statement:
- H350i: May cause cancer by inhalation.
- Route of exposure:
- inhalation
1. Specific target organ toxicity - single (STOT-SE)
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
1. Specific target organ toxicity - repeated (STOT-RE)
- Hazard category:
- STOT Rep. Exp. 1
- Hazard statement:
- H372: Causes damage to organs <or state all organs affected, if known> through prolonged or repeated exposure <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
- Affected organs:
- lungs
- Route of exposure:
- inhalation
Hazardous to the aquatic environment (acute / short-term)
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Hazardous to the aquatic environment (long-term)
- Hazard category:
- Aquatic Chronic 4
- Hazard statement:
- H413: May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.
Hazardous to the ozone layer
- Reason for no classification:
- data conclusive but not sufficient for classification
Labelling
- Signal word:
- Danger
Hazard pictogram
- GHS08: health hazard
- GHS07: exclamation mark
Hazard statements
- H350i: May cause cancer by inhalation.
- H372: Causes damage to organs <or state all organs affected, if known> through prolonged or repeated exposure <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
- Inhalation only
- H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction.
- H413: May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.
Notes
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.