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EC number: 204-427-5 | CAS number: 120-80-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 05 February 2014 to 15 May 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- The study was conducted in compliance with international standard guidelines under GLP conditions.The study report was conclusive and well enough documented with all relevant information included.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- N/A
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Duplicate samples from the freshly prepared test media of all test concentrations and the controls were taken at the start of the test and at day 1.
For the determination of the stability of the test item under the test conditions and of the maintenance of the test item concentrations during the test period, duplicate samples from the aged test media of all test concentrations and the controls were collected at day 1 (after 24 hours of exposure) and at the end of the test.
For the determination of the stability of the test item under the test conditions and of the maintenance of the test item concentrations during the test period, duplicate samples from the test media of all test concentrations and the control were collected at day 1 and at the end of the test (afte 24 hours of exposure). - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- Before test start and before the test medium renewal a concentrated stock solution (50 mg test item/L) was prepared by dissolving 0 h: 26.74 mg test item into 534.8 mL test water and 24 h: 26.91 mg test item into 538.2 mL test water by intense stirring for 10 minutes. Adequate volumes of this test medium were diluted with test water to prepare the test media. The test media were prepared just before introduction of the daphnids (= start of the test) and test medium renewal on Day 1.
The appearance of the test item in the test media was observed at the start of the test, on Day 1 in the old and the new test media and at the end of the test in the test media of all test concentrations. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Species: Daphnia magna (Straus), clone 5
Age at Test Start: From 4.5 to 21.5 hours old
Sex: Female
Origin: The Daphnia introduced in the test were taken from IBACON in-house laboratory culture
Breeding Conditions: The Daphnia were bred in the laboratories of IBACON under similar temperature and light conditions as used in the test. The cultivation of the parental Daphnia was performed in reconstituted water of similar quality with regards to pH, the constituent salts and total hardness as the culture medium used in the test. The test organisms were not first brood progeny. The Daphnids in the stock culture were fed at least on all working days with green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) freshly grown in the laboratories of IBACON.
Reference Item: For the evaluation of the quality of the Daphnia clone used and the consistency of the experimental conditions, the reference item potassium dichromate is tested at least twice a year to demonstrate satisfactory test conditions.
Acclimatisation: Was not necessary, since the test was performed in the same medium as the culturing. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- N/A
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 19 to 20 °C in the freshly prepared media;
19 to 20 °C in the aged test media - pH:
- 7.7 - 7.8 in the freshly prepared media;
7.5 to 7.6 in the aged test media; and thus the pH-value did not vary by more than 1.5 units - Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.1 to 8.8 mg/L in the freshly prepared media;
7.9 to 8.4 mg/L in the aged test media - Salinity:
- N/A
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal Test Concentrations: 3.35, 1.52, 0.69, 0.315, 0.143 and 0.065 mg test item/L and a control (water only) corresponding to geometric mean measured values of 2.742, 0.906, 0.326, 0.0754, 0.0443, 0.0298 mg test item/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST UNITS:
Type and Size: Glass beakers of approximately 110 mL volume were filled completely (i.e. remaining head space reduced to a technical possible minimum of some mL) with test medium. The test vessels were covered with a conical glass stopper to reduce the loss of water due to evaporation and to avoid the entry of dust into the solutions.
Identification: Each test unit was uniquely identified with serial number, treatment and replicate number.
TEST CONDITIONS:
Test Environment: Controlled environment room
Measurement of pH, Dissolved Oxygen and Water Temperature: The water temperature, pH-values and the dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined in all freshly prepared and aged test media of each treatment group.
Light Regime: 24 h darkness
Light Intensity: The test was performed under dark conditions except of the time slot where the daphnids are observed.
Control: In the control, test water was used without addition of the test item.
Introduction of Individuals: 20 Daphnia per control and test concentration, divided into 4 groups of 5 animals, each group in 60 mL test medium
Exposure Time: 48 hours
Test Procedure: A semi-static test system with a test medium renewal on Day 1 was chosen to keep the concentrations of test item as constant as possible in the test media.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.55 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL: 1.69 - 2.742 mg test item/L)
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.326 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.906 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.09 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL: n.d.
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.326 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.906 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- Signs of Intoxication after 24 Hours: After 24 hours in the control and in the concentrations up to and including 0.326 mg test item/L, no immobilisation of the test animals was observed. At the two highest test concentration of 0.906 and 2.742 mg test item/L, 4 and 10 daphnids were immobile after 24 hours test duration, respectively.
Signs of Intoxication after 48 Hours: At the end of the test the toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna had increased. After 48 hours of exposure no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and up to and including the test item concentration of 0. 0298 mg test item/L. At the concentration of 0.906 mg test item/L, four animals were immobile and 20 animals were immobile at the concentration of 2.742 mg test item/L.
Moreover, two daphnids were dead in each replicate number 4 of the concentration steps 0.0443 and 0.0754 mg test item/L. These daphnid are not considered within the statistical evaluation as it seems not to be a substance related effect rather than a mechanistic effect. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- In the most recent test with the reference item potassium dichromate performed in July 2013 (study code 71478220) the EC50 after 24 hours was determined to be 1.479 mg test item/L indicating that the sensitivity of the Daphnia was consistent with the level proposed by the OECD 202 guideline (EC50-24 h between 0.6 and 2.1 mg potassium dichromate/L).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24-hour and 48-hour EC50, EC20 and EC10 and the 95 % confidence limits were calculated by Probit analysis.
The NOEC and LOEC after 24 and 48 hours were determined directly from the raw data.
The software used to perform the statistical analysis was ToxRat Professional, Version 2.10.05, ToxRat Solutions GmbH. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The effect of the test item Catechol to Daphnia magna was assessed in a semi-static 48-hour test with closed vessels in the dark by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours. The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be 0.326 mg test item/L. The 48- hour LOEC was determined to be 0.906 mg test item/L and the 48- hour EC50 value was calculated to be 1.09 mg test item/L.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of Catechol to Daphnia magna was assessed in a semi-static 48-hour test with closed vessels in the dark by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours. This study was carried out to OECD Guideline 202. Nominal exposure concentrations were 0 (control), 3.35, 1.52, 0.69, 0.315, 0.143 and 0.065 mg test item/L corresponding to geometric mean measured values of 2.742, 0.906, 0.326, 0.0754, 0.0443, 0.0298 mg test item/L. The results of the study are based on the geometric mean measured exposure concentrations.
The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be 0.326 mg test item/L. The 48- hour LOEC was determined to be 0.906 mg test item/L and the 48- hour EC50 value was calculated to be 1.09 mg test item/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The test was performed according to the French standardised AFNOR method NF T90301. The experimental conditions and the obtained results were described with a lower level of details than the precedent study. Nevertheless, the results of both experiments were highly consistent. As previously, this 24-hour study was carried out before the appearance of the 48-hour recommendation, when a 24-hour exposure period was still judged as relevant.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: French Standard AFNOR T 90301
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution of 1000 mg/L was prepared in distilled water.
No further data. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- No data
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- No data
- pH:
- No data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- One control (without catechol) and 6 concentrations (1.4, 1.8, 2.1, 2.6, 3.3 and 5 mg/L) were tested.
- Details on test conditions:
- No data, except that the experimental conditions followed those described in the AFNOR standardised method.
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Catechol was toxic for Daphnia magna under the tested conditions.
- Executive summary:
In a study (Rhône-Poulenc, 1977), the 24-hour acute toxicity of Catechol to Daphnia magna was studied under static conditions. Daphnids were exposed to test chemical at nominal concentrations of 0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.1, 2.6, 3.3 and 5 mg/L for 24 hours. Mortality was observed .
The 24 hours EC50 was 2.1 mg/L.
Based on the results of this study, Catechol is considered to be toxic to Daphnia magna.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The test was performed according to the French standardised AFNOR method NF T90301. The experimental conditions and the obtained results were described with a relatively high level of details. This 24-hour study was carried out before the appearance of the 48-hour recommendation, when a 24-hour exposure period was still judged as relevant.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: French Standard AFNOR T 90301
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dissolved oxygen, age of daphnids, exposure duration
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Pyrocatechol was diluted with AFNOR reconstituted hard water for toxicity test.
- Controls: Yes, test water without test item.
No further data - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Daphnia magna Straus
- Source: IRCHA Laboratory
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 72h old.
- Method of breeding: cultured parthenogenetically in Pasteur Institute Laboratory since 1975. the brood stock was kept in an environmental chamber at 22 +/- 1 °C, with a photoperiod of 16 hours daylight / 8 hours darkness. Daphnids were fed with a diet of Chlorella vulgaris (1 x 10E6 algal cells per daphnids per day.
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION: no data
QUARANTINE: no data - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Hardness:
- 200 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: No data
- Aeration: No aeration during the test
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Not applicable (static test)
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Not applicable (static test)
- No. of organisms per vessel: No data
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Catechol was assayed in duplicate for a minimum of three replicate on following days.
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): No data
No further data.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
No data
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: The test was performed under darkness.
No further data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable)
Percentages of immobilized daphnids were assessed.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
No data - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.67 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- (immobilization)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 1.25 - 2.08
- Details on results:
- In the publication, the 24h-IC50 (= C) and 95% confidence intervals were expressed as logarithm of the inverse millimolar concentration (mmol/L-1). The following calculation was thus done to obtain the 24h-IC50 in mg/L :
log (1/C) = log 1 - log C = 1.820
log C = log 1 - 1.820 = 0 - 1.820 = 1.820
C = exp (ln (10) x (-1.820)) = exp (-4.1907138) = 0.01513548 mmol/L = 1.513548 x 10E-5 mol/L
C (g/L) = molecular weight (g/mol) x C (mol/L)
C (g/L) = 110.1122 x 1.513548 x 10E-5 = 0.001666
C = 1.67 mg/L - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The IC50 value (immobilization concentration for 50 % of daphnids at 24 hours) was extrapolated from empirical curve fitted by eye on log-probit paper with % of immobilization and log of the concentrations on the axes.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Catechol was toxic for Daphnia magna under the tested conditions.
- Executive summary:
Devillers (1987) investigated the 24-hour acute toxicity of Catechol to Daphnia magna under static conditions. No data was available on the concentrations tested. Mortality/immobilization was observed during test.
The 24 hours IC50was 1.67 mg/L.
Based on the results of this study, Catechol is considered to be toxic to Daphnia magna.
Referenceopen allclose all
Analytical Results:
Nominal Test Concentrations: 3.35, 1.52, 0.69, 0.315, 0.143 and 0.065 mg test item/L and a control (water only) corresponding to geometric mean measured values of 2.742, 0.906, 0.326, 0.0754, 0.0443, 0.0298 mg test item/L.
At the start of the test and in the freshly prepared test media at the renewal on day 1, 102% of the nominal test concentration was found
(average of all test concentrations).
After 24 hours test duration (at day 1 and day 2) a significantly reduced test item concentration was determined in all test treatment
samples.
Immobility results
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Mean measured conc. (mg/L) |
No. of immobilised Daphnia |
% immobility |
||
24 h |
48 h |
24 h |
48 h |
||
Control |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.065 |
0.0298 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.143 |
0.0443 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
10 |
0.315 |
0.0754 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
10 |
0.69 |
0.326 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.52 |
0.906 |
4 |
4 |
20 |
20 |
3.35 |
2.742 |
10 |
20 |
50 |
100 |
Description of key information
The 48-hour EC50 of catechol for Daphnia magna is 1.09 mg/l (study report).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 1.09 mg/L
Additional information
Among the available studies only one study had a reliability 1 according to Klimisch (Seeland-Fremer et al., 2014). Two other studies had a lower reliability of 2 and were considered supporting studies. The 24-hour EC50 were 1.67 mg/L and 2.1 mg/L, respectively. In view of the chemical safety assessment, the lowest value of 1.09 mg/l was retained.
During the study of Seeland-Fremer et al. (2014) a significant decrease in the test concentration was found after 24 hours of exposure. The decrease in concentration could be caused by oxidation of catechol.
Another study (Bringman & Kühn, 1959) of reliability 3 was gave a consistent result (48h-EC50 = 4 mg/L), despite an unusual measurement of daphnids mobility. The other available studies were not enough described or performed on non standardised species, and does not allow to judge of the short-term toxicity of catechol on aquatic invertebrates.
Based on the results of the reliable studies, catechol is considered to be toxic to Daphnia magna.
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