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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 232-142-6 | CAS number: 7789-06-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity: oral, other
- Remarks:
- other: growth curves, path of elimination, digestion trials
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Read-across from a sparingly water soluble chromate and from a highly water soluble chromate. Documenting not sufficient, not a guideline or GLP study.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Chromates in animal nutrition.
- Author:
- Gross, W. G., V. G. Heller
- Year:
- 1 946
- Bibliographic source:
- J Ind Hyg Toxicol.28: 52-56.
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The animals were given test substances in either their drinking water or in their feed. The influence of test substances on growing animals were studied, as well as the path of elimination of the substances.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- zinc chromate, potassium chromate
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc chromate, potassium chromate
- Details on test material:
- potassium chromate, zinc chromate
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: white mice, albino rats, New Zealand rabbits
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
zinc chromate, influence on growing animals: 1% for mature white mice, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% for young albino rats, 1% for half-grown albino rats
Basis:
other: per cent in feed
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
zinc chromate, digestion trial: 1% for rabbits
Basis:
other: per cent in feed
- Control animals:
- yes
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): No
FOOD EFFICIENCY: No
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: No
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: No
URINALYSIS: No
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No
OTHER: chromium in blood and urine samples; digestion coefficients of nitrogen, ash, calcium, phosphorus and fat
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- not examined
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY:
Young rats were stunted and made sterile by one eight of one per cent of zinc chromate.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN:
For mature white rats and mice, the maximum non-toxic level of zinc chromate in feed is one per cent.
OTHER FINDINGS:
Chromium tests on the blood and urine were negative. Therefore, the path of chromates through the digestive tract is unlike many other soluble salts.
One per cent zinc chromate markedly lowers digestion coefficients on practically all components in the feed.
Effect levels
- Remarks on result:
- other: not determined
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
For rats, the maximum non-toxic level of chromate salts in drinking water is 500 ppm.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Gross and Heller (1946) exposed young albino rats and mature white mice with 1) potassium chromate in their drinking water, 2) potassium chromate in their feed and 3) zinc chromate in their feed. Rats fed a diet containing sparingly soluble zinc chromate (359, 718, 1,435 or 2,870 ppm Cr) showed signs of overt toxicity at all doses (rough and dirty coat, subnormal or emaciated appearance). Adult mice fed a diet containing zinc chromate (2,870 ppm Cr) showed no signs of overt toxicity. Additionally, Gross and Heller (1946) studied path of elimination of chromates and conducted digestion trials. In conclusion, for mature white rats and mice, the maximum non-toxic level of zinc chromate in feed was one percent. Young rats were stunted and made sterile by one eight of one percent. Furthermore, digestion trials showed that on percent zinc chromate markedly lowers digestion coefficients on practically all components in the feed.
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