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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-889-5 | CAS number: 7775-11-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Review of published studies
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- other: EU RAR
- Title:
- European Union Risk Assessment Report: chromium trioxide, sodium chromate, sodium dichromate, ammonium dichromate, potassium dichromate
- Author:
- European Chemicals Bureau
- Year:
- 2 005
- Bibliographic source:
- 3rd Priority List; Volume 53
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Criteria Document for Hexavalent Chromium
- Author:
- Cross HJ et al
- Year:
- 1 997
- Bibliographic source:
- Institute of Occupational Health
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The reviews report a number of older investigative studies performed using non-standard methods.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Older, literature studies
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium chromate
- EC Number:
- 231-889-5
- EC Name:
- Sodium chromate
- Cas Number:
- 7775-11-3
- Molecular formula:
- CrH2O4.2Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium chromate
- Details on test material:
- Studies were performed using aqueous solutions of sodium chromate
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 51Cr
Test animals
- Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- water
- Duration of exposure:
- Five hours
- Doses:
- The test material was administered at concentrations of between 0.48 mM to 4.87 M.
- No. of animals per group:
- Not reported
- Control animals:
- no
- Remarks:
- Not required
Results and discussion
- Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
- Not relevant
Any other information on results incl. tables
The results of the reviewed studies indicate that the dermal absorption of chromate from water soluble Cr (VI) compounds is likely to be low. Dermal absorption values of 1 -4% were found in guinea-pig studies, however these are likely to be over-estimates.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The dermal absorption of chromate from water-soluble Cr (VI) compounds is likely to be low in occupationally-exposed humans. It is possible that local irritant/corrosive effects may enhance dermal penetration.
- Executive summary:
The dermal absorption of Cr (VI) has been stdueis in guinea pigs following the application of aqueous solutions of 51Cr-labelled chromate. Generally less than 1% of the dose was absorbed when animals were exposed to concentrations of between 0.48 mM and 4.87 M for 5 hours. At concentrations of 0.261 M and 0.398 M, 4% and 2.8% of the applied dose was absorbed, respectively. The UK IOH review cautions that, as dermal absorption was deteremined by measuring the disappearance of radiolabel from the applied dose, the reported figures include material residual in the skin at study termination. The reported dermal absorption figures may therefore be overestimates as material in the skin may not be systemically available.
An additional guinea pig study reported absorption (radioactivity in the carcass and excreta) of 1.4% after 24 hours; the findings of this study are therefore consistent with the earlier studies. Based on considerations of the comparative structure of human and guinea-pig skin, it can be concluded that the dermal absorption of water-soluble hexavalent chromium compounds in occupationally-exposed humans is likley to be negligible.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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