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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-615-4 | CAS number: 108-78-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Field studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- field studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented publication. No GLP.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Basal diets containing 2 mg melamine/kg or 100 mg melamine/kg were fed to groups of pigs, calfs, cows, chickens, sheeps, ducks or trouts for 40 to 60 days. Deposition of melamine in animal tissues and products was determined analytically.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of measurement:
- Melamine concentrations were analyzed in muscle and kidneys of various animals. Where appropriate also eggs and milk was analyzed.
Method of analysis: Samples were prepared for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS). An internal standard [15N3]-melamine was added. - Media:
- Animal tissues.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Melamine
- EC Number:
- 203-615-4
- EC Name:
- Melamine
- Cas Number:
- 108-78-1
- Molecular formula:
- C3H6N6
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
- Test material form:
- other: solid
- Details on test material:
- Purity: 99.4 %Supplier: Sigma Aldrich Shanghai
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Accumulation of melamine in edible tissues of animals:
After feeding 100 mg melamine/kg diet, the highest melamine residues in animal kidney ranged from 95 to 4483 µg/kg, and melamine residues in animal muscles ranged from 59 to 1864 µg/kg. See Figure A of the attachment. Melamine residues in poultry were higher than those in pigs and ruminant animals. The highest levels of melamine in hen eggs, duck eggs and milk were 2366, 1720 and 487 µg/kg respectively. For rainbow trout, the maximum melamine concentrations in the kidney and muscle were 14.3 and 3.6 mg/kg, respectively, which are much higher than the 51 to 237 µg/kg melamine at concentrations detected in marker-ready fish.
Deposition of melamine in animal tissues at a melamine concentration of 2 mg/kg in diets is shown in Figure B of the attachment. Overall, the highest melamine concentrations tested were 17-122 µg/kg in the kidney and 14-86 µg/kg in muscle tissues. When Holstein dairy cows, hy-line layers and Jinding laying ducks consumed diets contained 2 mg melamine per kg, the highest melamine concentration in milk, hen eggs and duck eggs was determined at a level of 40, 95 and 43 µg/kg, respectively. At this level of melamine contamination in diets, the deposition of melamine in animal tissues and products was lower than the upper limit of melamine in infant milk powders (1 mg/kg) allowed in the USA.
Elimination of melamine in animal tissues and products; after switching to melamine-free diets:
The results indicated that the depletion of melamine to an undetectable level from animals other than fish was completed in 96 h (4 days) after animals consumed melaminefree feedstuffs. Conversely, the elimination time of melamine in fish was longer: 14 and 5 days in the kidney and muscle, respectively.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Melamine in the diet was fed to the species investigated (pigs, calfs, cows, chickens, sheeps, ducks or trouts) for 40 to 60 days. Melamine was taken up in edible tissues, reaching a maximum concentration of 4.5 mg/kg in kidney of chicken after feeding 100 mg melamine/kg diet. After feeding the maximum background level of melamine observed in crops of ca. 2 mg/kg, each of the investigated tissue level was well below 1 mg/kg tissue.
Switching to a standard diet for 4 days depletes the melamine tissue levels to undetectable concentrations, except for fish. For fish the elimination time was up to 14 days. - Executive summary:
Melamine in the diet was fed to the species investigated (pigs, calfs, cows, chickens, sheeps, ducks or trouts) for 40 to 60 days. Melamine was taken up in edible tissues, reaching a maximum concentration of 4.5 mg/kg in kidney of chicken after feeding 100 mg melamine/kg diet. After feeding the maximum background level of melamine observed in crops of ca. 2 mg/kg, each of the investigated tissue level was well below 1 mg/kg tissue.
Switching to a standard diet for 4 days depletes the melamine tissue levels to undetectable concentrations, except for fish. For fish the elimination time was up to 14 days.
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