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EC number: 701-407-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- other: Expert statement
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Assessment of the toxicokinetic behaviour of the substance to the extent that can be derived from the relevant available information.
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Review of physico-chemical and other relevant information leading to an understanding of toxicokinetics
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Statistics:
- not applicable
- Type:
- absorption
- Results:
- For PACM, relatively small molecular weight (210.4), water solubility (12.3 g/L) and LogPow (2.03)or absorption. The polymers of PACM BADGE have higher molecular weights (MW 761-1880) which do not favour passive diffusion. Corrosion may facilitate uptake.
- Type:
- distribution
- Results:
- Distribution throughout the body is aasumed for PACM (low molecular weight, moderate water solubility). PACM BADGE polymers have a higher molecular weight which suggest that they would not be dwidely istributed.
- Type:
- metabolism
- Results:
- The results of repeated dose studies indicate that the substance or its metabolites are distributed to various organs. Genotoxicity studies with and without metabolic activation do not provide further indications on the metabolic pattern of PACM BADGE.
- Type:
- excretion
- Results:
- Low molecular weight and moderate water solubility are favorable for excretion of PACM in urine. The larger MW PACM BADGE polymers are unliley to be excreted in urine.
- Details on absorption:
- The relatively small molecular weight (210.4) and the moderately water solubility (12.3 g/L) of PACM favour absorption after oral exposure. In addition, the moderate log Pow value (2.03) favours absorption by passive diffusion, although the potentially ionisable groups of PACM might limit diffusion across biological membranes. The larger polymers of PACM BADGE have higher molecular weights (MW 761-1880) which do not favour passive diffusion, although their higher Log Pow values (6.95 - 10.53) indicate lipophilicity.
For risk assessment purposes oral, dermal and inhalation absorption of PACM -BADGE is set at 100%. As the substance is corrosive, uptake may be facilitated by the destruction of skin and membranes.
The results of the 28-day study on PACM BADGE do not provide reasons to deviate from this proposed oral absorption factor; this study indicate that the substance becomes systemically available.
However it is noted that severe gastric corrosion leading to mortality in high-dose animals may be a major contributing factor due to absorption.
One of the uses of PACM BADGE involves spray applications, therefore it must be anticipated that PACM BADGE could reach the nasopharyncheal region or subsequently the tracheobranchial or pulmonary region after inhalation.
If PACM BADGE reaches the tracheobronchial region, absorption through aqueous pores will be limited, taking the molecular weights of > 200 into account.
However, components of PACM BADGE would into the mucus lining of the respiratory tract and the log Pow (ranging from 2.03 to 10.53) would favout absorption directly across the respiratory tract epithelium by passive diffusion.
Furthermore, due its corrosive potential, it may damage the epithelium lining the respiratory tract, which will further promote systemic uptake of the substance.
Overall, although PACM BADGE would not be expected to reach the tracheobranchial region in a large extent, for risk assessment purposes the inhalation absorption of PACM BADGE is set at 100%.
Once absorbed, the small molecular weight and moderate water solubility of PACM are favorable for distribution throughout the body. Possible ionization, low molecular weight and moderate water solubility are favorable for excretion of PACM in urine.
PACM BADGE is a viscous liquid. PACM has the potential to partition from the stratum corneum into the epidermis. In addition, the log Pow of 2.03 is favorable for penetration into the stratum corneum and hence dermal absorption and the moderate water solubility of PACM will not limited dermal absorption. However, the larger polymers of PACM BADGE are unlikely to penetrate the skin due to their much higher molecular weights (MW 761-1880).
Nevertheless, a Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) test on PACM BADGE indicate that it is a skin sensitiser, therefore some degree of skin absorption is occuring, probably due to PACM. However, due to its corrosive properties, skin integrity will be affected leading to fast uptake of the substance. - Details on distribution in tissues:
- The results of the 28-day study indicate that PACM BADGE or its metabolites are widely distributed throughout the body. Test-item related changes in surviving animals were normalized by the end of the recovery period.
The potential for bioaccumulation is unclear though it is suggested by the log Pow of individual components (ranging from 2.03 to 10.53), however this may be governed by the large molecular weights, precluding cellular uptake. - Details on excretion:
- Possible ionization, low molecular weight and moderate water solubility are favorable for excretion of PACM in urine.
- Metabolites identified:
- no
- Details on metabolites:
- The results of the 28-day study indicate that PACM BADGE or its metabolites are widely distributed throughout the body. Test-item related changes in surviving animals were normalized by the end of the recovery period.
The potential for bioaccumulation is unclear though it is suggested by the log Pow of individual components (ranging from 2.03 to 10.53), however this may be governed by the large molecular weights, precluding cellular uptake.
Available data of PACM BADGE (e.g. negative results from in vitro genotoxicity studies with and without metabolic activation) do not give further indications on the metabolic pattern of PACM BADGE. . - Conclusions:
- The relatively small molecular weight (210.4) and the moderately water solubility (12.3 g/L) of PACM favour absorption after oral exposure. In addition, the moderate log Pow value (2.03) favours absorption by passive diffusion, although the potentially ionisable groups of PACM might limit diffusion across biological membranes. The larger polymers of PACM BADGE have higher molecular weights (MW 761-1880) which do not favour passive diffusion, although their higher Log Pow values (6.95 - 10.53) indicate lipophilicity.
For risk assessment purposes oral, dermal and inhalation absorption of PACM -BADGE is set at 100%. As the substance is corrosive, uptake may be facilitated by the destruction of skin and membranes.
The results of the 28-day study on PACM BADGE do not provide reasons to deviate from this proposed oral absorption factor; this study indicate that the substance becomes systemically available.
However it is noted that severe gastric corrosion leading to mortality in high-dose animals may be a major contributing factor due to absorption.
One of the uses of PACM BADGE involves spray applications, therefore it must be anticipated that PACM BADGE could reach the nasopharyncheal region or subsequently the tracheobranchial or pulmonary region after inhalation.
If PACM BADGE reaches the tracheobronchial region, absorption through aqueous pores will be limited, taking the molecular weights of > 200 into account.
However, components of PACM BADGE would into the mucus lining of the respiratory tract and the log Pow (ranging from 2.03 to 10.53) would favout absorption directly across the respiratory tract epithelium by passive diffusion.
Furthermore, due its corrosive potential, it may damage the epithelium lining the respiratory tract, which will further promote systemic uptake of the substance.
Overall, although PACM BADGE would not be expected to reach the tracheobranchial region in a large extent, for risk assessment purposes the inhalation absorption of PACM BADGE is set at 100%.
Once absorbed, the small molecular weight and moderate water solubility of PACM are favorable for distribution throughout the body. Possible ionization, low molecular weight and moderate water solubility are favorable for excretion of PACM in urine.
PACM BADGE is a viscous liquid. PACM has the potential to partition from the stratum corneum into the epidermis. In addition, the log Pow of 2.03 is favorable for penetration into the stratum corneum and hence dermal absorption and the moderate water solubility of PACM will not limited dermal absorption. However, the larger polymers of PACM BADGE are unlikely to penetrate the skin due to their much higher molecular weights (MW 761-1880).
Nevertheless, a Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) test on PACM BADGE indicate that it is a skin sensitiser, therefore some degree of skin absorption is occuring, probably due to PACM. However, due to its corrosive properties, skin integrity will be affected leading to fast uptake of the substance.
The results of the 28-day study indicate that PACM BADGE or its metabolites are widely distributed throughout the body. Test-item related changes in surviving animals were normalized by the end of the recovery period.
The potential for bioaccumulation is unclear though it is suggested by the log Pow of individual components (ranging from 2.03 to 10.53), however this may be governed by the large molecular weights, precluding cellular uptake.
Available data of PACM BADGE (e.g. negative results from in vitro genotoxicity studies with and without metabolic activation) do not give further indications on the metabolic pattern of PACM BADGE.
Based on the present available data, no additional conclusions can be drawn on the distribution, metabolism and excretion of PACM BADGE.
For risk assessment purposes oral and dermal absorption of PACM BADGE is set at 100%.
Reference
Based on the present available data, no additional conclusions can be drawn on the distribution, metabolism and excretion of PACM BADGE after dermal and inhalatory absorption.
Description of key information
The relatively small molecular weight (210.4) and the moderately water solubility (12.3 g/L) of PACM favour absorption after oral exposure. In addition, the moderate log Pow value (2.03) favours absorption by passive diffusion, although the potentially ionisable groups of PACM might limit diffusion across biological membranes. The larger polymers of PACM BADGE have higher molecular weights (MW 761-1880) which do not favour passive diffusion, although their higher Log Pow values (6.95 - 10.53) indicate lipophilicity.
For risk assessment purposes oral absorption of PACM -BADGE is set at 100%. The results of the 28-day study on PACM BADGE do not provide reasons to deviate from this proposed oral absorption factor; this study indicate that the substance becomes systemically available.
However it is noted that severe gastric corrosion leading to mortality in high-dose animals may be a major contributing factor due to absorption.
One of the uses of PACM BADGE involves spray applications, therefore it must be anticipated that PACM BADGE could reach the nasopharyncheal region or subsequently the tracheobranchial or pulmonary region after inhalation.
If PACM BADGE reaches the tracheobronchial region, absorption through aqueous pores will be limited, taking the molecular weights of > 200 into account.
However, components of PACM BADGE would into the mucus lining of the respiratory tract and the log Pow (ranging from 2.03 to 10.53) would favout absorption directly across the respiratory tract epithelium by passive diffusion.
Furthermore, due its corrosive potential, it may damage the epithelium lining the respiratory tract, which will further promote systemic uptake of the substance.
Overall, although PACM BADGE would not be expected to reach the tracheobranchial region in a large extent, for risk assessment purposes the inhalation absorption of PACM BADGE is set at 100%.
Once absorbed, the small molecular weight and moderate water solubility of PACM are favorable for distribution throughout the body. Possible ionization, low molecular weight and moderate water solubility are favorable for excretion of PACM in urine.
PACM BADGE is a viscous liquid. PACM has the potential to partition from the stratum corneum into the epidermis. In addition, the log Pow of 2.03 is favorable for penetration into the stratum corneum and hence dermal absorption and the moderate water solubility of PACM will not limited dermal absorption. However, the larger polymers of PACM BADGE are unlikely to penetrate the skin due to their much higher molecular weights (MW 761-1880).
Nevertheless, a Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) test on PACM BADGE indicate that it is a skin sensitiser, therefore some degree of skin absorption is occuring, probably due to PACM. However, due to its corrosive properties, skin integrity will be affected leading to fast uptake of the substance.
The results of the 28-day study indicate that PACM BADGE or its metabolites are widely distributed throughout the body. Test-item related changes in surviving animals were normalized by the end of the recovery period.
The potential for bioaccumulation is unclear though it is suggested by the log Pow of individual components (ranging from 2.03 to 10.53), however this may be governed by the large molecular weights, precluding cellular uptake. Available data of PACM BADGE (e.g. negative results from in vitro genotoxicity studies with and without metabolic activation) do not give further indications on the metabolic pattern of PACM BADGE.
Based on the present available data, no additional conclusions can be drawn on the distribution, metabolism and excretion of PACM BADGE.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- low bioaccumulation potential
- Absorption rate - oral (%):
- 100
- Absorption rate - dermal (%):
- 100
- Absorption rate - inhalation (%):
- 100
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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