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EC number: 215-158-8 | CAS number: 1308-14-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Information from a peer reviewed Assessment Report
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: Peer reviewed assessment report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A comparable 13-week inhalation toxicity study (guidance based) was conducted.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium (III) oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-160-9
- EC Name:
- Chromium (III) oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1308-38-9
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium(III) oxide
- IUPAC Name:
- Chromium(III) oxide
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium(III) oixde
- IUPAC Name:
- Chromium(III) oixde
- Details on test material:
- Chromium(III) oxide
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: CDF
- Sex:
- male/female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Remarks on MMAD:
- MMAD / GSD: 1.8-1.9 µm
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 h/day
5 days/week
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
4.4 mg/m³
Basis:
no data
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
15 mg/m³
Basis:
no data
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
44 mg/m³
Basis:
no data
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Two thirds of the animals were sacrificed immediately after the exposure period, and one third were followed up for an additional 13-week recovery
period.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
· Lung weight increased in males in the highest concentration group
· Mean weight of mediastinal lymph nodes increased in the highest concentration group
· Macroscopic examination showed green dislocation of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes of all animals
· Black pigment was observed at tracheal bifurcation, in the peribronchial lymphoid tissue, and within mediastinal lymph nodes
· Trace to mild chronic inflammation and septal hyperplasia were observed in alveolar septa surrounding the aggregates of pigmented macrophages in mid- and high exposure animals
· Lymphoid hyperplasia was present in all exposure groups
· Pigment deposits and slight inflammatory changes were also observed after the recovery period
· Also some low dose males exhibit slight inflammatory changes in alveolar septa
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Effects of repeated inhalation of water-insoluble chromium (III) oxide in rat are restricted to the lungs and include pigment deposition in the lower respiratory tract and peribronchial and mediastinal lymphoid tissue. The accumulation of the pigment was accompanied by mild interstitial inflammation and septal hyperplasia. Some very slight changes were also seen in the low dose males sacrificed after the recovery period. The clearance of the pigment seemed to be low and was most likely to occur via the lymphatic system.
A LOAEC for rats was set to 4.4 mg/m³ for chromium (III) oxide. This concentration is corresponding to 3 mg Cr³ / m³ . - Executive summary:
In a subchronic inhalation toxicity study chromium(III) oxide was administered to rats (5 each sex and each dose). Inhalation exposure concentrations were: 4.4 mg/m3, 15 mg/m3and 44 mg/m3(4.4 µg/L , 15 and 44 resp.) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week and 13 weeks.
Some effects as increased lung weight, increased lymph node weight, lymphoid hyperplasia, mild chronic inflammation in alveolar septa, and pigment deposition could be determined.
A LOAEC for rats was set to 4.4 mg/m³ (4.4 µg/L) for chromium (III) oxide. This concentration is corresponding to 3 mg Cr³ /m³.
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