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EC number: 203-400-5 | CAS number: 106-46-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
In a study according to OECD guidelines 404 and 405 1,4-dichlorobenzene shows no acute potential for skin irritation/corrosion and also no local risk potential for eye irritation (Märtins 1988). However, based on limited data from workplace exposure irritating effects on the mucous membranes on eyes and nose are difficult to interprete and indicate a certain irritation potential.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No GLP defined.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 3,4- 3,5 kg.
- Housing: individually
- Diet ad libitum
- Water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20
- Humidity (%): 50
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12 - Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: clipped
- Vehicle:
- other: parafine oil
- Controls:
- other: the contralateral side was untreated and served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 500 mg paradichlorbenzene moistened with parafine oil on a 6 cm² skin surface.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours.
- Observation period:
- 7 days
- Number of animals:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- 500 mg paradichlorbenzene moistened with parafine oil was applied on a 6 cm² skin surface of the back of 3 rabbits covered with a semiocclusive plaster for 4 hours (the contralateral side was untreated and served as control). After termination of treatment the respective areas were washed with water and observed for 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24-72 hours
- Score:
- >= 0.7 - <= 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: total observation time
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Based on the observed erythema score of 1 of max 4(in 2 rabbits at 24,48,72 h and 1 rabbit at 48 and 72 h) which recovered within 7 days and no edema during the total observation time , the test substance is evaluated as slightly irritating to the skin of rabbits which do not lead to classification
- Interpretation of results:
- slightly irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information
- Executive summary:
Skin irritation was tested using the OECD TG 404 in rabbits.500 mg paradichlorbenzene moistened with parafine oil was applied on a 6 cm² skin surface of the back of 3 rabbits covered with a semiocclusive plaster for 4 hours (the contralateral side was untreated and served as control). After termination of treatment the respective areas were washed with water and observed for 7 days. p-Dichlorobenzene evoked no systemic reactions but slight and passagere erythema on skin of adult rabbits (total irritation score: 0.7- 1.0 with total recovery within 7 days and no edema). These very mild skin reactions can be evaluated as no acute risk potential for skin of rabbits and do not lead to classification or labelling
Reference
No edema observed.
Draize grade after | |||||
1h | 24h | 48h | 72h | 7d | |
Erythema | Erythema | Erythema | Erythema | Erythema | |
Rabbit 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Rabbit 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Rabbit 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No GLP defined.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 3,4- 3,5 kg.
- Housing: individually
- Diet ad libitum
- Water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20
- Humidity (%): 50
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12 - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- other: the untreated second eye served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 100 µl (bulk volume = ca 90 mg test substance)
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 7 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- Ca 90 mg ofundissolved test substance was applied into the conjunctival sac of one eye (ther other served as control) of each of 3 rabbits; lids were pressed together for one second. 24 hours later the treated eyes were rinsed with saline solution and observed for further 7 days. Eye reactions were evauated according to Draize.
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 7d
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: not irritant or corrosive
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 7d
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: not irritant or corrosive
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 7d
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: not irritant or corrosive
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 7d
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: not irritant or corrosive
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 7d
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: not irritant or corrosive
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 7d
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: not irritant or corrosive
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 7d
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: not irritant or corrosive
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: up to 48h
- Score:
- ca. 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Remarks on result:
- other: a reddening an swelling was observed
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 7d
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: not irritant or corrosive
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- No irritating effects were observed
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information
- Executive summary:
Eye irritation was tested in rabbits using the OECD TG 405. Ca 90 mg of undissolved test substance was applied into the conjunctival sac of one eye (the other served as control) of each of 3 rabbits and lids were pressed together for one second. 24 hours later the treated eyes were rinsed with saline solution and observed for further 7 days. Eye reactions were evauated according to Draize.
P-dichlorobenzene had no irritating or corrosive effect in adult rabbit eyes.Therefore no local risk potential for eyes of rabbits exists
Reference
no irritant or corrosive effect in rabbit eye.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Additional information
Skin irritation/corrosion
Skin irritation was tested using the OECD TG 404 in rabbits.500 mg paradichlorbenzene, moistened with parafine oil, was applied on a 6 cm² skin surface of the back of 3 rabbits covered with a semiocclusive plaster for 4 hours (the contralateral side was untreated and served as control). After termination of treatment the respective areas were washed with water and observed for 7 days. p-Dichlorobenzene evoked no reactions attributable to systemic toxisitx but slight and passagere erythema on skin of adult rabbits (total irritation score: 0.7- 1.0 with total recovery within 7 days and no edema). These very mild skin reactions can be evaluated as no acute risk potential for skin of rabbits and do not lead to classification or labelling
Eye irritationEye irritation was tested in rabbits using the OECD TG 405. Ca 90 mg of undissolved test substance was applied into the conjunctival sac of one eye (the other served as control) of each of 3 rabbits and lids were pressed together for one second. 24 hours later the treated eyes were rinsed with saline solution and observed for further 7 days. P-dichlorobenzene had no irritating or corrosive effect in adult rabbit eyes.Therefore no local risk potential for eyes of rabbits exists
However, in workers exposed in operation involving the handling of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (58 workers, 8 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 8 months to 25 years with an average of 4.75 years), several surveys were conducted (Hollingsworth, 1956); irritation complaints appear evident at a vapour concentration between 50 and 80 ppm; irritation becomes severe at concentration greater than approximately 160 ppm and is accompanied by signs of pulmonary irritation. Certain individuals develop acquired tolerance after repeated exposures. In this old study, it was not specified if workers were exposed to others chemicals than 1,4-dichlorobenzene; moreover, concentration data are range concentrations with median values, in which peak exposure concentrations cannot be excluded (results of spot samples of atmosphere) and no clear correlation between concentration and effect can be done; no more information are available in this study to clarify the respiratory symptoms and the concentration levels (Hollingsworth, 1956).
Conclusion:
1,4-dichlorobenzene is not irritating/corrosive in animal experiments. Limited human data are difficult to interpret and indicate a certain irritation potential.
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
the only available guideline study which is evaluated with Klimisch score 2
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
The only available animal study which is performed according to guideline and evaluated with Klimisch score 2. However, observations in humans cannot be neglected.
Effects on eye irritation: slightly irritating
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the considerations above p-dichlorobenzene is not classified or labelled as irritating or corrosive to the skin.
Although the results from animal experiments do not indicate irritation effects on the mucous membranes, but taking into account the observations in humans at workplace classification and labelling with R36 (irritating to the eyes) according to Directive 67/548/EEC and allocating to Category 2 (H319) of the eye irritating substances according to Regulation (EC) No1272 / 2008 should be considered.
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