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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-873-2 | CAS number: 88-99-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 210 “Fish, Early Life Stage Toxicity”
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- In several instances acetone or dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a solvent for the compounds. The concentrations of these carriers were kept below 100 µl/l.
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Fertilized eggs in the blastula stage (2 - 4 h after spawning);
disinfected for 1 min in a 0.04 % formalin solution - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 5 to 7 concentrations tested plus one control
The range between the concentrations was 3.2. - Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 560 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 99%CL: 320-1000
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
- no information is given on using a buffered medium,
but pH value of the test medium indicates a pH adjustment
RS-Freetext:
LOEC (mortality): 1000 mg/l
LOEC (total embryotoxicity): 1000 mg/l
EC50 (total embryotoxicity): 561 mg/l - Executive summary:
Prolonged toxicity of phthalic anhydride to fish (Danio rerio) has been tested under semistatic conditions in accordance to OECD Guideline Draft "Early Life Stage. A 7 d-LC50 of 560 mg/l was measured (van Leeuwen, 1990).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Phthalic anhydride, the cyclic anhydride of phthalic acid, is used for the read across.
For further information see attached document:
Justification for a read-across between phthalic acid and phthalic anhydride - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 560 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 99% CL: 320-1000
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Determination of the acute effect of compounds on fish. Working group "Fischtest im Hauptausschuß Detergenzien" (1973)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Leuciscus idus
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Determination of the influence different temperatures in the presents of various pollutants in a static test system.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Oryzias latipes
- Test type:
- static
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Details on results:
- The same values were obtained at 10, 20, and 30°C.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: significant methodological deficiencies, to short exposure duration
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Acute toxicity test conducted with a semi static method.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- The carp were purchased from a commercial source and were kept under laboratory conditions for at last 2 weeks. The weight of the fish was ca. 5 g and the length 5 cm.
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- pH:
- 7
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: inhibition
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The embryolarval stages of Brachydanio rerio (new name: Danio rerio) were exposed to phthalic anhydride for 7 days in buffered medium under semi-static conditions. The test was conducted in accordance to OECD Guideline Draft "Early Life Stage” 210 yielding a LC50 of 560 mg/l. (Van Leeuwen, 1990).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 560 mg/L
Additional information
Due to fast hydrolysis the LC50-value obtained for phthalic anhydride was considered here to assess the toxicity to fish of phthalic acid. The test conducted according to the Draft Guideline OECD 210 (“Fish, Early Life Stage”) with Brachydanio rerio (new name: Danio rerio) is regarded as an acute toxicity test to fish and preferred for hazard assessment; due to the following reasons: The study cannot be used concerning long-term adverse effects, as the exposure duration of 7 days is too short to obtain long-lasting effects. With respect to acute toxicity, the developmental stages in the life cycles of fish have been shown to be relatively sensitive to the effects of chemicals rather than to adults, and leading to more meaningful results. It is not the lowest value found in acute toxicity tests on fish, because the results are regarded as non-reliable, due to the short exposure duration. The non reliable effect values (48-hour LC50) of 500 mg/l (Zhao 1998) and > 1000 mg/l (Tsuji 1986) for phthalic acid are in good agreement with the results found in the experiments conducted with phthalic anhydride.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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