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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-868-0 | CAS number: 111-42-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Sensitisation data (human)
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sensitisation data (humans)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Skin sensitizing properties of the ethanolamines mono-, di- and triethanolamine. Data analysis of a multicentre surveillance network (IVDK) and review of literature
- Author:
- Lessmann H, et al.
- Year:
- 2 009
- Bibliographic source:
- Contact Dermatitis, 60, 243-255
Materials and methods
- Type of sensitisation studied:
- skin
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Patch test results with DEA on patients collected from 1992 to 2007 were evaluated
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2'-iminodiethanol
- EC Number:
- 203-868-0
- EC Name:
- 2,2'-iminodiethanol
- Cas Number:
- 111-42-2
- Molecular formula:
- C4H11NO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2'-iminodiethanol
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Diethanolamine
- no further data given
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- dermal
Results and discussion
- Results of examinations:
- The industrial use of DEA in water-based metalworking fluids, and the regular, even daily exposure to these fluids is regarded as a cause of occupational sensitisation to DEA. Wet work or chemical irritation by solvents or the alkaline cutting fluid itself, and possibly mechanical irritation, seem to be important cofactors contributing to sensitisation in this special occupational group. Therefore, a slightly higher incidence of skin sensitisation in cutting fluid workers is of secondary nature, due to skin conditions not attributable to DEA.
Any other information on results incl. tables
In total 8791 patients were tested with DEA. Of these 157 (1.8%) patients were tested positively to DEA. The reaction index was calculated to -0.17. Most of the reactions were weak positive reactions resulting in a high positive ratio (80.3%).
Frequencies of reactions to DEA in all patients tested from 1992 -2007
DEA (n = 8791) |
||
count |
[%] |
|
negative |
8413 |
95.7 |
irritant |
17 |
0.2 |
questionable |
195 |
2.2 |
follicular |
9 |
0.1 |
+ |
126 |
1.4 |
++ |
28 |
0.3 |
+++ |
3 |
0.03 |
reaction index |
-0.17 |
|
positivity ratio |
80.3% |
Regarding the MOAHLFA index, there were only minor differences between patients with positive and those without positive reactions to the diethanolamine. The most obvious difference was the higher proportion of men and patients with occupational dermatitis and hand dermatitis as well as the reduced proportion of patients with atopic dermatitis among patients with positive reactions to DEA.
MOAHLFA-Index Frequency of characteristics (%) in DEA-positive (cases) vs. non positive (controls) patients
DEA |
||
cases |
controls |
|
Men |
89.8 |
81.0 |
Occupational dermatitis |
79.6 |
48.3 |
Atopic dermatitis |
10.8 |
20.0 |
Hand dermatitis |
81.5 |
64.8 |
Leg dermatitis |
0.6 |
1.8 |
Face dermatitis |
2.6 |
5.0 |
Age ≥ 40 years |
56.7 |
50.4 |
Reactions to DEA and occupational exposure (metal workers)
Metal workers represent the main occupational group among DEA-positive patients. If only this subgroup is considered, clearly higher ratios of positive reactions were obtained for DEA. It is striking that the increased ratio of positive reactions to DEA was not due to a relative decrease in the number of irritant or questionable reactions – as would be expected for possibly false positive reactions – since the prevalence of reactions assessed as questionable increased in parallel. The association of sensitization to DEA with (potential) occupational contact becomes even more obvious if only patients employed in cutting (grinding, drilling or shaping) of metal parts are considered since they are expected to be exposed regularly. 60 of the 157 DEA-cases, e.g. 38.2%, were metal workers (currently or formerly) of this subgroup compared with approximately 9% in the control group (not standardized to age). Compared to the control group, other metal workers are not overrepresented in the group of cases. If the prevalence of positive reactions in probably wbMWFs-exposed current male cutting workers is compared with the prevalence in all male patients not working in the metal industry at present, an about 5- to 7-fold higher portion of positive reactions is recorded for DEA, respectively.
Supportive evidence for the association of sensitization to DEA and extensive exposure to cutting fluids is provided by the high proportion of concomitant reactions to some biocides which are mainly used in wbMWFs such as methylenebis(methyloxazolidine), 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-triazine, benzylhemiformal or dibromodicyanobutane. The most prominent co-sensitization is observed between the two ethanolamines (MEA and DEA) themselves: 77% of the patients positive to DEA also reacted to MEA; the proportion of patients testing positive to MEA who also tested positive to DEA was 38%. Interestingly, in the period from 1996 to the 2nd quarter of 2003, there were fewer singular reactions to DEA without corresponding reactions to MEA compared to the period from 1992 to 1995. In view of the restricted usage of, and thus exposure to, DEA, this might indicate cross-reactions to DEA after primary sensitization to MEA.
Reactions to DEA associated with other (non-)occupational applications
Data analysis did not reveal other occupational exposure being associated with sensitization to DEA. No pattern of association between non-occupational exposure markers and sensitization to DEA was found in the data.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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