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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 215-559-8 | CAS number: 1331-61-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Peer reviewed publication
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 305 E (Bioaccumulation: Flow-through Fish Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Water samples (~40 ml) were taken at least once per day, and extracted immediately or preserved with 10% vol MeOH and stored under N2 in a refrigerator for no more than 2 days. Fish samples were killed by immersion in liquid N2, and stored at -20 degrees C until analysis. 2-4 replicates of fish samples were taken.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- To address differences in composition of mixtures, bioconcentration potential was calculated for
1) mixtures typical of LAS in European detergent formulations (C10 12%, C11 29%, C12 34%, C13 24%; average alkyl chain length = C11.6) and
2) mixtures typical of LAS in filtered Mississippi river water (C10 45%, C11 23%, C12 23%, C13 2%; average chain length = C10.8).
Stock solutions were kept under N2 to prevent aerobic biodegradation. - Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: fathead minnow
- Source: Urecht University hatchery
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.5-1 g
- Health status: free from observable diseases and abnormalities
- Feeding during test
- Amount: 1 % body weight per day, in order to minimize suspended solids, fish were fed for 30 min in a separate aquarium
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 1 week - Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 192 h
- Hardness:
- 1.21 mM
- Test temperature:
- 20.7-22.5 degrees C
- Details on test conditions:
- When tested by itself: The exposure phase in Experiment A was 48-hours. The exposure phase in Experiments B-D ranged from 168 to 192 hours. Due to the rapid equilibrium demonstrated in these studies, a longer exposure period was not needed. Fish were then transferred to untreated water for the depuration phase (duration not stated).
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aquaria
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): peristaltic
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 1 L/day g fish
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted H2O - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 2.7 and 4.1 uM
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- The calculation of BCF for the typical mixtures was done using the following equation developed in the above testing:
(ΣCf,i/ΣCw,i)rel = Σ(Φi,w ∙ BCFi,rel) - Remarks on result:
- other: not reported
- Remarks on result:
- other: Data not fully reported.
- Details on results:
- The BCFs were 87 L/kg for a standard mixture typical of LAS in European detergent formulations (average alkyl chain length = C11.6) and 22 L/kg for a representative environmental sample (filtered Mississippi river water, average alkyl chain length = C10.8)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- BCF values ranged from between 2 and 1000 L/kg, with BCFs increasing with increasing alkyl chain lengths.
- Executive summary:
The bioaccumulation potential of a series of LAS substances was evaluated in flow-through studies with fathead minnows. Results show that the bioconcentration potential of LAS is low and is decreased by environmental processes such as biodegradation and absorption, which reduce aquatic concentrations.
Reference
When tested by itself:
Values of Steady-State Bioconcentration Factor (BCFss) and Average Length of Alkyl Chain (nC,Av) are shown in the following table.
expt |
comp* |
BCFss L/kg |
nC,Av |
A |
C10-2 |
1.7 |
10.8 |
C11-2 |
5.8 |
||
C12-2 |
47.6 |
||
C13-2 |
353.8 |
||
B |
C11-5 |
6.1 |
11.7 |
C12-2 |
99.1 |
||
C12-5 |
10.0 |
||
C13-5 |
34.0 |
||
C |
C11-5 |
9.8 |
11.4 |
C12-2 |
168.4 |
||
C12-3 |
42.1 |
||
C12-6 |
31.9 |
||
D |
C10-2 |
6.0 |
10.6 |
C11-2 |
31.9 |
||
C12-2 |
211.5 |
||
C13-2 |
987.2 |
||
C10-in |
3.0 |
||
C11-in |
9.1 |
||
C12-in |
29.9 |
||
C13-in |
112.4 |
*In the format Cn-m, n and m are the length of the alkyl chain and the position at which the sulfophenyl moiety is substituted to the alkyl chain, respectively.
As shown in the table, BCF values ranged between 2-1000 L/kg. Experiments A, B and D showed that BCFs increase with increasing alkyl chain length for a given isomer. In addition, the results of Experiments B and C demonstrate that the closer the p-sulfophenyl moiety is positioned to the terminal carbon of the alkyl chain, the higher the BCF. However, alkyl chain length has a much bigger effect than does the phenyl position.
Description of key information
The experimentally determined BCF of LAS-Na is 2 - 1000 L/kg (depending on alkyl chain length); estimated BCF for IPA is < 10.
The test does not need to be conducted as the substance is readily biodegradable, but data on similar substances are available.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- BCF (aquatic species):
- 500 L/kg ww
Additional information
No bioaccumulation study is available for LAS-IPA. The endpoint of bioaccumulation was addressed with data for LAS-Na and IPA (see read-across statement).
The experimentally determined BCF of LAS-Na is 2 - 1000 L/kg (depending on alkyl chain length); estimated BCF for IPA is < 10. In the bioaccumulation study with LAS-Na it was shown that BCFs increased with the length of the alkyl chain for C10 to C13.The BCF of LAS-IPA will be well below 1000 L/kg, since the C-chain length of the constituents of LAS-IPA is more or less equally distributed over the C10, C11, C12 and C13 constituents, with the C11 and C12 components most abundant. Additonally it was shown in the article by Tolls et al. (1997) that the BCF decreases with the p-sulfophenyl moiety being positioned further away from the terminal carbon of the alkyl chain, which supports a lower BCF of LAS-IPA as well, based on its composition with the p-sulfophenyl moiety on the C4 position mainly. In fact, only for C13-LAS with the p-sulfophenyl moiety positioned at the C2 position a BCF higher than 500 L/kg was observed, so the BCF for LAS-IPA will be below 500 L/kg..
It can be concluded that the bioconcentration potential of LAS-IPA is low.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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