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EC number: 202-486-1 | CAS number: 96-18-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: - according to OECD 471 as at 1982 - lack of one of the following strains: E. coli WP2 uvrA, or E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM101), or S. typhimurium TA102. - study only available as summary from the NTP report
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Salmonella mutagenicity test results for 250 chemicals.
- Author:
- Haworth S, Lawlor T, Mortelmans K, Speck W, Zeiger E.
- Year:
- 1 983
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ Mutagen. 1983;5 Suppl 1:1-142. PMID: 6365529
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- as at 1981
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- .
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,2,3-trichloropropane
- EC Number:
- 202-486-1
- EC Name:
- 1,2,3-trichloropropane
- Cas Number:
- 96-18-4
- Molecular formula:
- C3H5Cl3
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,2,3-trichloropropane
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix (Aroclor 1254-induced male Sprague-Dawley rat or Syrian hamster liver)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333 µg/plate SRI, International
0, 10, 33, 100, 333, 666, 1'000 µ g/plate Microbial Associates - Vehicle / solvent:
- not reported
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO; ethanol; or acetone. Not detailed for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. Probably DMSO was used
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: none
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: all strains with rat or hamster S9: 2-Aminoanthracene (2-AA); without S9: TA98 - 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOPD), TA100 and TA1535 - sodium azide (SA), TA1537 - 9-aminoacridine. (9-AAD) was tested on TA 1537. The
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min
- Exposure duration: 20 min preincubation + 48 after plating
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 20 min
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 48 h
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays):
minimal glucose bottom agar (lacking histidine; Vogel HJ, Bonner DM (1956): Acetylornithinase of E coil: Partial purification and some properties. J Biol Chem 218:97-106.)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: each concentration and strain in triplicate, test as a whole in duclicate
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: test with TA 100 at 10 mg/plate, parameters: viability on complete medium (EGG) and reduced numbers of revertant colonies per plate and/or thinning or absence of the bacterial lawn - Evaluation criteria:
- - first assessment: reproducible, dose-related increase, whether it be twofold over background or not.
- second assessment: statistical analysis based on Margolin 1981 (Margolin BH, Kaplan N. Zeiger E (1981): Statistical analysis of the Ames Salmonella/microsome test.)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:3779-3783. - Statistics:
- see above
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 97
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: toxicity starting at 333 µg/Plate with activation and at 666 µg without activation
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: SRI: no cytotoxicity up to limit dose 333 µg/plate, which was set based on the sensitivity of TA 100; Microbiological Associates:
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: SRI: no cytotoxicity up to limit dose of 333 µg/plate, which was set based on the sensitivity of TA 100; Microbiological Associates: toxic between 666 and 1000 µg/plate, with and without activation
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: SRI: no cytotoxicity up to limit dose of 333 µg/plate, which was set based on the sensitivity of TA 100; Microbiological Associates: toxic between 666 and 1000 µg/plate, with and without activation
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: no cytotoxicity up to limit dose of 333 µg/plate, which was set based on the sensitivity of TA 100
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- for details see Tables 1 and 2 below
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Table 1: Mutagenicity of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in Salmonella typhimurium performed at SRI, International
Dose µg/plate |
Revertants/plate* |
||||
-S9 |
+10% hamster S9 |
+10% rat S9 |
|||
Trial 1 |
Trial 1 |
Trial 2 |
Trial 1 |
Trial 2 |
|
Strain TA 100 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
138 ± 11.8 |
179 ± 9.9 |
144 ± 4.7 |
158 ± 6.2 |
133 ± 4.3 |
3 |
145 ± 21.0 |
267 ± 59.4 |
210 ± 26.1 |
141 ± 17.2 |
130 ± 1.9 |
10 |
139 ± 5.6 |
458 ± 23.9 |
339 ± 18.6 |
180 ± 5.3 |
140 ± 6.5 |
33 |
142 ± 14.6 |
492 ± 75.5 |
690 ± 24.3 |
211 ± 16.9 |
166 ± 9.4 |
100 |
135 ± 22.0 |
816 ± 121.4 |
1,210 ± 44.4 |
344 ± 9.8 |
282 ± 12.8 |
333 |
140 ± 7.0 |
1,005 ± 30.9 |
1,862 ± 50.8 |
652 ± 28.6 |
461 ± 37.9 |
Trial summary |
Negative |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive control |
352 ± 12.7 |
2,409 ± 23.4 |
1,121 ± 67.6 |
1,079 ± 36.4 |
688 ± 12.7 |
Strain TA1535 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
12 ± 4.1 |
13 ± 0.0 |
10 ± 2.6 |
9 ± 2.7 |
5 ± 1.0 |
1 |
|
|
41 ± 6.1 |
|
|
3 |
7 ± 0.9 |
47 ± 4.4 |
71 ± 10.0 |
10 ± 2.6 |
8 ± 0.9 |
10 |
9 ± 1.5 |
98 ± 18.2 |
128 ± 20.5 |
11 ± 3.1 |
7 ± 1.2 |
33 |
7 ± 1.5 |
209 ± 31.7 |
266 ± 46.1 |
31 ± 2.6 |
21 ± 4.8 |
100 |
13 ± 0.6 |
422 ± 34.6 |
481 ± 44.6 |
73 ± 3.5 |
45 ± 7.9 |
333 |
9 ± 0.3 |
734 ± 109.3 |
|
205 ± 7.0 |
80 ± 7.2 |
Trial summary |
Negative |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive control |
294 ± 30.5 |
514 ± 7.3 |
179 ± 5.7 |
225 ± 18.5 |
103 ± 14.3 |
Strain TA1537 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
5 ± 2.2 |
6 ± 0.6 |
|
6 ± 2.1 |
|
3 |
4 ± 0.9 |
7 ± 1.3 |
|
4 ± 0.9 |
|
10 |
4 ± 0.7 |
8 ± 0.3 |
|
4 ± 0.6 |
|
33 |
5 ± 1.8 |
8 ± 0.0 |
|
5 ± 1.0 |
|
100 |
6 ± 1.3 |
12 ± 2.4 |
|
6 ± 0.9 |
|
333 |
5 ± 1.3 |
7 ± 3.2 |
|
10 ± 2.2 |
|
Trial summary |
Negative |
Negative |
|
Negative |
|
Positive control |
330 ± 31.5 |
657 ± 18.8 |
|
269 ± 5.2 |
|
Strain TA98 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
19 ± 1.5 |
26 ± 5.3 |
54 ± 2.2 |
26 ± 6.1 |
|
1 |
|
|
50 ± 5.8 |
|
|
3 |
15 ± 3.0 |
25 ± 0.7 |
65 ± 2.0 |
23 ± 2.7 |
|
33 |
18 ± 0.7 |
58 ± 3.8 |
70 ± 2.7 |
22 ± 1.3 |
|
100 |
21 ± 1.7 |
86 ± 12.4 |
100 ± 19.8 |
33 ± 2.6 |
|
333 |
16 ± 1.9 |
97 ± 19.9 |
|
38 ± 0.3 |
|
Trial summary |
Negative |
Positive |
Positive |
Negative |
|
Positive control |
793 ± 43.1 |
1,884 ± 71.5 |
395 ± 3.6 |
697 ± 40.5 |
|
*: Revertants are presented as mean ± standard error from three plates.
-Table 2: Mutagenicity of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in Salmonella typhimurium performed at Microbiological Associate
|
Revertants/plate * |
||||||
Dose µg/plate |
-S9 |
+10% hamster S9 |
+10% rat S9 |
||||
|
Trial 1 |
Trial 2 |
Trial 1 |
Trial 2 |
Trial 3 |
Trial 1 |
Trial 2 |
0 |
78 ± 6.5 |
106 ± 4.7 |
241 ± 21.1 |
81 ± 1.9 |
89 ± 3.8 |
93 ± 2.3 |
219 ± 1.0 |
10 |
88 ± 1.2 |
|
527 ± 14.5 |
762 ± 29.7 |
728 ± 32.7 |
176 ± 3.0 |
|
33 |
94 ± 2.5 |
121 ± 2.5 |
1,008 ± 18.8 |
1,263 ± 20.0 |
1,122 ± 29.0 |
349 ± 10.2 |
380 ± 7.8 |
100 |
86 ± 7.1 |
106 ± 4.2 |
1,628 ± 57.7 |
2,612 ± 269.1 |
2,728 ± 44.2 |
748 ± 27.5 |
700 ± 53.8 |
333 |
87 ± 3.8 |
108 ± 2.7 |
2,292 ± 136.9 |
2,879 ± 87.3$ |
3,235 ± 210.9 |
1,518 ± 32.7 |
1,242 ± 54.3 |
666 |
115 ± 4.0 |
|
Toxic |
Toxic |
148 ± 18.6$ |
1,924 ± 55.3 |
|
667 |
|
121 ± 4.5$ |
|
|
|
|
1,786 ± 24.2$ |
1,000 |
|
Toxic |
|
|
|
|
Toxic |
Trial summary |
Equivocal |
Negative |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive |
Positive control |
446 ± 27.0 |
410 ± 7.2 |
524 ± 17.9 |
355 ± 12.7 |
2,400 ± 65.0 |
509 ± 17.4 |
915 ± 26.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TA1535 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
19 ± 2.4 |
21 ± 1.7 |
4 ± 0.6 |
8 ± 1.9 |
|
22 ± 2.3 |
47 ± 4.8 |
10 |
14 ± 0.9 |
|
178 ± 6.7 |
159 ± 16.5 |
|
33 ± 1.9 |
|
33 |
17 ± 1.9 |
29 ± 5.5 |
364 ± 12.3 |
325 ± 5.9 |
|
107 ± 2.0 |
94 ± 4.7 |
100 |
19 ± 3.2 |
24 ± 2.8 |
786 ± 32.8 |
720 ± 33.5 |
|
203 ± 7.9 |
203 ± 11.5 |
333 |
20 ± 3.8 |
31 ± 2.3 |
1,286 ± 22.0$ |
1,340 ± 29.7 |
|
456 ± 22.6 |
415 ± 4.2 |
666 |
22 ± 2.2 |
|
Toxic |
Toxic |
|
549 ± 38.7 |
|
667 |
|
23 ± 1.2$ |
|
|
|
|
544 ± 37.9$ |
1,000 |
|
12 ± 0.5$ |
|
|
|
|
147 ± 20.4$ |
Trial summary |
Negative |
Negative |
Positive |
Positive |
|
Positive |
Positive |
Positive control |
280 ± 18.0 |
330 ± 18.8 |
59 ± 4.2 |
256 ± 8.7 |
|
239 ± 15.2 |
254 ± 11.9 |
TA97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
74 ± 2.8 |
142 ± 4.4 |
108 ± 6.0 |
137 ± 3.0 |
|
111 ± 5.8 |
183 ± 20.5 |
10 |
84 ± 4.2 |
|
211 ± 6.4 |
194 ± 6.5 |
|
133 ± 9.1 |
|
33 |
64 ± 8.5 |
177 ± 2.8 |
365 ± 5.0 |
319 ± 20.3 |
|
162 ± 8.4 |
233 ± 5.8 |
100 |
78 ± 3.5 |
131 ± 12.2 |
779 ± 20.1 |
691 ± 24.7 |
|
219 ± 12.6 |
270 ± 7.2 |
333 |
93 ± 2.5 |
160 ± 17.0 |
1,422 ± 50.3 |
358 ± 54.5$ |
|
408 ± 34.4 |
391 ± 7.3 |
666 |
75 ± 2.6 |
|
270 ± 11.3$ |
Toxic |
|
489 ± 5.0 |
|
667 |
|
99 ± 3.8$ |
|
|
|
|
520 ± 15.2 |
1,000 |
|
97 ± 2.0$ |
|
|
|
|
518 ± 16.1 |
Trial summary |
Negative |
Negative |
Positive |
Positive |
|
Positive |
Positive |
Positive control |
105 ± 5.2 |
345 ± 10.0 |
521 ± 4.5 |
532 ± 10.6 |
|
1,411 ± 29.8 |
1,307 ± 28.3 |
TA98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
18 ± 4.6 |
22 ± 2.4 |
38 ± 1.2 |
59 ± 4.9 |
|
36 ± 6.2 |
38 ± 1.3 |
10 |
19 ± 2.6 |
|
35 ± 0.3 |
59 ± 1.5 |
|
28 ± 3.5 |
|
33 |
17 ± 0.6 |
19 ± 1.9 |
53 ± 9.6 |
77 ± 12.5 |
|
34 ± 0.9 |
34 ± 2.3 |
100 |
18 ± 3.8 |
24 ± 2.2 |
76 ± 5.1 |
82 ± 9.9 |
|
47 ± 5.2 |
59 ± 3.0 |
333 |
13 ± 2.4 |
18 ± 2.0 |
193 ± 7.5 |
191 ± 24.7 |
|
67 ± 3.2 |
68 ± 6.3 |
666 |
14 ± 1.8 |
|
61 ± 8.7$ |
|
|
89 ± 10.9 |
|
667 |
|
22 ± 0.7 |
|
181 ± 8.7 |
|
|
91 ± 1.2 |
1,000 |
|
Toxic |
|
|
|
|
43 ± 3.1$ |
Trial summary |
Negative |
Negative |
Positive |
Positive |
|
Positive |
Positive |
Positive control |
189 ± 10.7 |
219 ± 11.5 |
2,226 ± 101.1 |
151 ± 11.0 |
|
263 ± 11.6 |
229 ± 11.3 |
*: Revertants are presented as mean ± standard error from three plates.
$: Slight toxicity
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results:
negative without metabolic activation
positive with metabolic activation
1,2,3-trichloropropane was tested in a Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames Test) according to OECD Guideline 471 as at 1982, using strains S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 97, TA 98 and TA 100 in the preincubation assay with and without activation (S9 of hamster and rat) in two different Laboratories.
Test material was mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA 97, TA 98, TA100 and TA1535 with activation at levels >= 1 - 10 µg/plate. It was not mutagenic in any tester strain without S-9 activation, or in TA1537 with S-9. With hamster S9 the sensitivity was usually a bit higher. - Executive summary:
In the present study 1,2,3-trichloropropane at a purity of 99.1 % was tested in a Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames Test) according to OECD Guideline 471 as at 1982, using strains S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 97, TA 98 and TA 100 in the preincubation assay with and without activation (S9 of hamster and rat) in two different Laboratories (Microbial Genetics Department, SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493 and Microbiological Associates, 37428, Hills Tech Drive Farmington Hills MI 48331).
Test concentrations were 0, 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333 µg/plate (SRI, International) and 0, 10, 33, 100, 333, 666, 1'000 µ g/plate (Microbial Associates). The preincubation assay was conducted using tightly capped incubation vials to account for the volatility of the substance.
The test material was mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA 97, TA 98, TA100 and TA1535 with activation at levels >= 1 - 10 µg/plate. It was not mutagenic in any tester strain without S-9 activation, or in TA1537 with S-9. With hamster S9 the sensitivity was usually a bit higher. Cytotoxicity occured usually at 666 µg/plate.
Based on the obtained results the test material is mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA 98, TA100 and TA1535 with activation at levels >= 1 - 10 µg/plate. It was not mutagenic in any tester strain without S-9 activation, or in TA1537 and TA1538 with S-9. Cytotoxicity to TA 1535 and TA 100 was determined at >= 666 µg/plate.
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