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EC number: 214-688-7 | CAS number: 1185-81-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- The experimental phase of this study was performed between 09 September 2010 and 11 October 2010.
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dibutylbis(dodecylthio)stannane
- EC Number:
- 214-688-7
- EC Name:
- Dibutylbis(dodecylthio)stannane
- Cas Number:
- 1185-81-5
- Molecular formula:
- C32H68S2Sn
- IUPAC Name:
- dibutylbis(dodecylsulfanyl)stannane
- Details on test material:
- Sponsor's identification: DABCO® T120 Catalyst
Description: Clear colourless liquid
Chemical name: Dibutyltin dilaurylmercaptide
Purity: 100%
Batch number: 817231
Date received: 16 August 2010
Expiry date: 07 December 2011
Storage conditions: Room temperature in the dark
The integrity of supplied data relating to the identity, purity and stability of the test item is the responsibility of the Sponsor. A Certificate of Analysis was provided by the Sponsor.
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- E. coli: Tryptophan locus
S. Typhimurium: Histidine locus
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: Frame shift mutations: TA1537& TA98; Base-pair substitutions: TA1535 & TA100.
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: Base-pair substitutions: WP2uvrA
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9-mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 & 5000 µg/plate.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: acetone
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test material was immiscible in sterile distilled water and dimethyl sulphoxide at 50 mg/ml but was fully miscible in acetone at the same concentration in solubility checks performed in-house. Acetone was therefore selected as the vehicle.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: Without S9: N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 9-Aminoacridine & 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; With S9: 2-Aminoanthracene & Benzo(a)pyrene.
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION:
Experiment 1: in agar (plate incorporation)
Experiment 2: preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: In experiment 2, measured aliquots (0.1 ml) of one of the bacterial cultures were dispensed into sets of test tubes followed by 0.5 ml of S9-mix or phosphate buffer and 0.05 ml of the vehicle or test material formulation and incubated for 20 minutes at 37°C with shaking at approximately 130 rpm prior to the addition of 2 ml of molten, trace histidine or tryptophan supplemented, top agar.
- Exposure duration: All of the plates were incubated at 37°C for approximately 48 hours and the frequency of revertant colonies assessed using a Domino colony counter.
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: triplicate
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: In order to select appropriate dose levels for use in the main test, a preliminary test was carried out to determine the toxicity of the test material. - Evaluation criteria:
- There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby (1979)).
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
4. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al (1989)).
5. Fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain (especially if accompanied by an out of historical range response).
A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.
Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit making a definite judgement about test item activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal.
Acceptance Criteria:
The reverse mutation assay may be considered valid if the following criteria are met:
- All bacterial strains must have demonstrated the required characteristics as determined by their respective strain checks.
- All tester strain cultures should exhibit a characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the vehicle and untreated controls.
- All tester strain cultures should be in the range of 0.9 to 9 x 10^9 bacteria per ml.
- Diagnostic mutagens (positive control chemicals) must be included to demonstrate both the intrinsic sensitivity of the tester strains to mutagen exposure and the integrity of the S9-mix. All of the positive control chemicals used in the study should induce marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation.
- There should be a minimum of four non-toxic test material dose levels.
- There should be no evidence of excessive contamination. - Statistics:
- Acceptance Criteria:
The reverse mutation assay may be considered valid if the following criteria are met:
- All bacterial strains must have demonstrated the required characteristics as determined by their respective strain checks.
- All tester strain cultures should exhibit a characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the vehicle and untreated controls.
- All tester strain cultures should be in the range of 0.9 to 9 x 10^9 bacteria per ml.
- Diagnostic mutagens (positive control chemicals) must be included to demonstrate both the intrinsic sensitivity of the tester strains to mutagen exposure and the integrity of the S9-mix. All of the positive control chemicals used in the study should induce marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation.
- There should be a minimum of four non-toxic test material dose levels.
- There should be no evidence of excessive contamination.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
A test item precipitate (oily in appearance) was observed at and above 1500 µg/plate, this observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
These results were not indicative of toxicity sufficiently severe enough to prevent the test item being tested up to the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: yes, see appendix 3 - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Preliminary Toxicity Test
The test item was non-toxic to the bacterial background lawns of the strains of bacteria used (TA100 and WP2uvrA), however some substantial reductions in revertant colony frequency were noted at the upper dose levels. The test item formulation and S9-mix used in this experiment were both shown to be sterile.
The numbers of revertant colonies for the toxicity assay were:
With (+) or without (-) S9-mix |
Strain |
Dose (µg/plate) |
||||||||||
0 |
0.15 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
5 |
15 |
50 |
150 |
500 |
1500 |
5000 |
||
- |
TA100 |
103 |
114 |
111 |
94 |
83 |
93 |
83 |
69 |
63P |
82P |
57P |
+ |
TA100 |
92 |
91 |
84 |
96 |
90 |
81 |
61 |
64 |
53P |
42P |
42P |
- |
WP2uvrA |
27 |
24 |
17 |
18 |
25 |
28 |
20 |
22 |
22P |
18P |
26P |
+ |
WP2uvrA |
43 |
42 |
29 |
39 |
35 |
36 |
26 |
24 |
20P |
35P |
28P |
P = precipitate
Mutation Test
Prior to use, the master strains were checked for characteristics, viability and spontaneous reversion rate (all were found to be satisfactory). These data are not given in the report. The amino acid supplemented top agar and the S9-mix used in both experiments was shown to be sterile.
Results for the negative controls (spontaneous mutation rates) are presented in Table 1 and were considered to be acceptable. These data are for concurrent untreated control plates performed on the same day as the Mutation Test.
The individual plate counts, the mean number of revertant colonies and the standard deviations, for the test item, reference item and vehicle controls, both with and without metabolic activation, are presented in Table 2 and Table 3 for Experiment 1 and Table 4 and Table 5 for Experiment 2. The results are also expressed graphically in Figure 1 to Figure 4.
A history profile of vehicle and reference item control values is presented in Appendix 3.
The test item caused no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, however, several strains exhibited substantial reductions in revertant colony frequency at the upper dose levels both in the presence and absence of S9-mix with plate incorporation and pre-incubation methodology. These results were not indicative of toxicity sufficiently severe enough to prevent the test item being tested up to the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate. A test item precipitate (oily in appearance) was observed at and above 1500 µg/plate, this observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, at any dose level either with or without metabolic activation or exposure method.
All of the reference items (positive control chemicals) used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies thus confirming the activity of the S9-mix and the sensitivity of the bacterial strains.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
The test material was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test. - Executive summary:
The test method was designed to be compatible with the guidelines for bacterial mutagenicity testing published by the major Japanese Regulatory Authorities including METI, MHLW and MAFF, the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 471 "Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test", Method B13/14 of Commission Regulation (EC) number 440/2008 of 30 May 2008 and the USA, EPA (TSCA) OPPTS harmonised guidelines.
Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA were treated with the test material using both the Ames plate incorporation and pre-incubation methods at up to seven dose levels, in triplicate, both with and without the addition of a rat liver homogenate metabolising system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors). The dose range for the range-finding test was determined in a preliminary toxicity assay and was 5 to 5000 µg/plate. The experiment was repeated on a separate day (pre-incubation method) using the same dose range as the range-finding test, fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test item formulations.
Additional dose levels and an expanded dose range were selected in order to achieve both four non-toxic dose levels and the toxic limit of the test item.
The vehicle (acetone) control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.
The test item caused no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, however, several strains exhibited substantial reductions in revertant colony frequency at the upper dose levels both in the presence and absence of S9-mix with plate incorporation and pre-incubation methodology. These results were not indicative of toxicity sufficiently severe enough to prevent the test item being tested up to the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate. A test item precipitate (oily in appearance) was observed at and above 1500 µg/plate, this observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation or exposure method.
The test material was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.
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