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EC number: 265-191-7 | CAS number: 64742-88-7 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from the distillation of crude oil or natural gasoline. It consists predominantly of saturated hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C9 through C12 and boiling in the range of approximately 140°C to 220°C (284°F to 428°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1990-08-21 to 1990-09-18
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is classified as reliable without restrictions because it was conducted according to OECD TG 410.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 992
- Report date:
- 1992
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 410 (Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-Day Study)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Thermocracked kerosine (CAS# 68333-23-3)
- IUPAC Name:
- Thermocracked kerosine (CAS# 68333-23-3)
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): F-133 (thermocracked kerosene), CAS No. 68333-23-3
- Substance type: Kerosine
- Physical state: Liquid
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Sasco, Inc., Omaha, Nebraska
- Age at study initiation: Young adult
- Weight at study initiation: Males: 200 to 300 grams; Females: 125 to 200 grams
- Housing: Individually
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
-Acclimation period: 19 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 to 26
- Humidity (%): 40 to 70%
- Air changes (per hr): 10 per hour or more
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hour dark/ 12 hour light
IN-LIFE DATES: From:1990-08-20 To: 1990-09-18
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- Route of Administration: dermal
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: Back
- % coverage: 10%
- Type of wrap if used: Latex dental dam
- Time intervals for shavings or clippings: As needed
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.01, 0.05, or 0.5 ml/kg/day
- Constant volume or concentration used: no
USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: no - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours a day, 5 days a week
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0.01, 0.05, or 0.50 mL/kg/day
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Ten
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: Doses were selected based on a range-finding study.
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Twice a day
- Cage side observations checked for mortality and viability.
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Once a week
DERMAL IRRITATION (if dermal study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Five days a week just prior to application of the test article, 24 hours after the fifth application, and just prior to necropsy
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Prior to study initiation, three days a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) throughout the dosing period, and at study termination
FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No
WATER CONSUMPTION: No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At study termination
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (halothane)
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals:All surviving animals
- Parameters listed in table 1 were examined.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At terminal sacrifice
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: All surviving animals
- Parameters listed in table 1 were examined.
URINALYSIS: No
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No
OTHER: Organs listed in table 1 were weighed. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes (see table 2) - Statistics:
- Clinical pathology data, terminal organ weights, and organ to body weight ratios were statistically analyzed. Bartlett's test was used to determine if the groups had equal variances. For data with equal variances a one way analysis of variance using the F distribution followed by Dunnett's test was used. For unequal data, a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's Summed Rank test was used. A linear regression or Jonckheere's test for monotonic trend were used where appropriate to test for trends.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Dermal irritation:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY: There were no treatment-related effects on clinical signs (except dermal irritation) or mortality.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN: There were no treatment-related effects on body weight.
HAEMATOLOGY: There were no treatment-related effects on haematology.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: There were no treatment-related effects on clinical chemistry.
ORGAN WEIGHTS: There were no treatment-related effects on organ weights.
GROSS PATHOLOGY: At necropsy, the only findings occurred at the treatment site and included dry skin, oedema, and eschar.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC: In the skin there were increased incidences of acanthosis, epidermal crusting, erosion, fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and hyperkeratosis (site B).
OTHER FINDINGS: Dermal irritation occurred in treated animals. Very slight erythema, slight eschar, and slight dried skin occurred in the 0.01 mL/kg/day group. Very slight to moderate erythema, slight to moderate eschar, sporadic very slight to slight oedema, and slight to moderately dried skin occurred in the 0.05 mL/kg/day group. In the high-dose group, skin irritation was great enough that the application site changed. For the original site (site A), moderate to severe dermal irritation (erythema, eschar, oedema, dried skin, fissuring, and ulcerations) occurred with a maximum mean daily score of 8.2 in males and 8.1 in females out of a total of 17. These effects decreased after the test site was moved. Similar effects were noted at site B, but the maximum mean daily score was 5.2 in males and 5.4 in females.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- >= 0.5 other: mL/kg bw
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Skin LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 0.01 other: mL/kg bw
- Sex:
- male/female
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
No animals died during the study and no body weight differences occurred. Very slight to severe dermal irritation occurred during the study at the test application sites. There were no effects on the haematological or clinical chemical values measured. Organ weights were unaffected (absolute and ratios to body or brain weight). At necropsy apart from skin irritation, there were no other findings. Histopathology did not reveal any changes that were due to treatment other than skin changes due to irritation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Thermocracked kerosine was irritating to the skin at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg/day, but did not cause any systemic toxicity at this dose.
- Executive summary:
In a 28-day dermal toxicity study, thermocracked kerosine was applied to the shaved skin of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex/dose at dose levels of 0, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.5 mL/kg bw/day, 6 hours/day for 5 days/week during a 28-day period.
The test compound irritated the skin in a dose-dependent manner. In the high-dose group, the irritation became severe so the application site was moved to a cephalad location at the beginning of the fourth week. There were no compound related effects in mortality, clinical signs, body weight, haematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, or gross and histologic pathology (except the skin). The LOAEL for dermal irritation is 0.01 mL/kg/day, based on slight to severe dermal irritation occurring at all doses tested. No dermal irritation NOAEL was established. There was no systemic LOAEL, based on the lack of systemic effects. The systemic NOAEL is greater than or equal to 0.5 mL/kg/day.
This study received a Klimisch score of 1 and is classified because it was conducted according to OECD TG 410.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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