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EC number: - | CAS number: 1189173-49-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Good experimental study although not GLP. No guideline available. Very long term trophic study (45 weeks exposure + 8 weeks depuration).
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The fish are exposed to the substance through food for 7 to 10 months, then depurated for 2 months. Growth is recorded monthly.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No test surrogate material - Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable (No analytical monitoring)
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The substance was incorporated to the diet. The diet consisted of 36% herring fish meal / 33.5% wheat / 22.5% soybean meal / 3% soybean oil / 2% vitamin mix / 1% mineral mix /2% lignosulfite (binder). In the experimental diet, 1% of soybean oil was substituted by the same amount of substance.
The diets were pelleted (dry method) with a Templewood press in two pellet sizes: 2.5 mm (for trout 13-80 g weight) and 5 mm for the bigger sizes. Canthaxanthin (0.02%) was added to the 5 mm pellets. - Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 8 months
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 13 g
FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type: artificial; prepared at the laboratory
- Amount: satiation feeding
- Frequency: 4 times a day except the day before weighing - Test type:
- other: Trophic exposure; flow-through tanks
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 45 wk
- Post exposure observation period:
- At the end of the exposure period, the remaining fish were divided into two groups: one group was fed at satiation 4 times a day on control diet, while the second group was maintained on total fast. Weight variations were followed for 8 weeks.
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 17 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- no data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- Not relevant (freshwater study)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration in food: 10 g/kg
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 7 m * 1.5 m * 0.4 m
- Water flow rate: 350 L/min
- No. of organisms per vessel: 800
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 2.5 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Tank water: spring water
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Mortality
- Weight : Lots of 100 trout, sampled using a table of random numbers were weighed weekly for the first month, then monthly
- Canthaxanthin determination in muscle, skin and remaing carcass at the pellet size change and at the end of the exposure
- Voluntary feed intake recorded weekly
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 45 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: effect concentration
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 45 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks:
- voluntary food intake
- Duration:
- 45 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reversible: increased growth rate during the depuration phase
- Duration:
- 45 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Canthaxanthin fixation
- Duration:
- 45 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Digestion of dry matter and lipids
- Details on results:
- - Fish weights, weight gains and feeding parameters: see Table 1
- Other biological observations: Canthaxanthin fixation: see Table 2; Digestion of dry matter and lipids: see Table 3
- Incidents in the course of the test which might have influenced the results: None
Depuration phase (see Table 4):
- General compensatory growth in fed test fish
- Reduced weight loss in starving test fish compared to control - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No reference substance
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Student's t-test
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Very long term exposure (45 weeks) to 1% pristane in diet reduces fish appetite, fish growth, lipid digestibility and canthaxanthin fixation in rainbow trout. The effects are reversible.
- Executive summary:
Pristane was incorporated into the diet (10 g/kg food) of rainbow trout to assess the effects of long-term exposure to saturated hydrocarbons. Feed intake was recorded daily and weight gain monthly.At the end of the accumulation time (45 weeks), canthaxanthin concentration was determined in the muscle, the skin and the remaining carcass. A general depressive effect of pristane was observed on both appetite and growth. The reduced growth rate could not be fully explained by the decrease in food consumption. Pristane reduced the lipid and dry matter digestibilities as well as canthaxanthin fixation in muscle.
During a 2 month depuration period, half the trout were fed a hydrocarbon-free diet while the other half starved. A general compensatory growth was observed in the fed fish. Correspondingly, for starving trout, the weight decrease was lower for the test group than in control.
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Good experimental study although not GLP. No guideline available. Very long term trophic study (41 weeks exposure + 8 weeks depuration).
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The fish are exposed to the substance through food for 7 to 10 months, then depurated for 2 months. Growth is recorded monthly.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No test surrogate material - Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable (No analytical monitoring)
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The substance was incorporated to the diet. The diet consisted of 36% herring fish meal / 33.5% wheat / 22.5% soybean meal / 3% soybean oil / 2% vitamin mix / 1% mineral mix /2% lignosulfite (binder). In the experimental diet, 1% of soybean oil was substituted by the same amount of substance.
The diets were pelleted (dry method) with a Templewood press in two pellet sizes: 2.5 mm (for trout 13-80 g weight) and 5 mm for the bigger sizes. Canthaxanthin (0.02%) was added to the 5 mm pellets. - Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Strain: no data
- Source: no data
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 8 months
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 13 g
- Method of breeding: no data
FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type: artificial; prepared at the laboratory
- Amount: satiation feeding
- Frequency: 4 times a day except the day before weighing - Test type:
- other: Trophic exposure; flow-through tanks
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 41 wk
- Post exposure observation period:
- At the end of the exposure period, the remaining fish were divided into two groups: one group was fed at satiation 4 times a day on control diet, while the second group was maintained on total fast. Weight variations were followed for 8 weeks.
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 17 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- no data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- Not relevant (freshwater study)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration in food: 10 g/kg
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 7 m * 1.5 m * 0.4 m
- Water flow rate: 350 L/min
- No. of organisms per vessel: 800
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 2.5 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Tank water: spring water
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Mortality
- Weight : Lots of 100 trout, sampled using a table of random numbers were weighed weekly for the first month, then monthly
- Canthaxanthin determination in muscle, skin and remaing carcass at the pellet size change and at the end of the exposure
- Voluntary feed intake recorded weekly
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 41 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 41 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks:
- voluntary food intake
- Duration:
- 41 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reversible: increased growth rate during the depuration phase
- Duration:
- 41 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Canthaxanthin fixation
- Duration:
- 41 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Digestion of dry matter and lipids
- Details on results:
- - Fish weights, weight gains and feeding parameters: see Table 1
- Other biological observations: Canthaxanthin fixation: see Table 2; Digestion of dry matter and lipids: see Table 3
- Incidents in the course of the test which might have influenced the results: None
Depuration phase (see Table 4):
- General compensatory growth in fed test fish
- Reduced weight loss in starving test fish compared to control - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No reference substance
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Student's t-test
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Very long term exposure (41 weeks) to 1% dodecylcyclohexane in diet reduces fish appetite, fish growth, lipid digestibility and canthaxanthin fixation in rainbow trout. The effects are reversible.
- Executive summary:
Dodecylcyclohexane was incorporated into the diet (10 g/kg food) of rainbow trout to assess the effects of long-term exposure to saturated hydrocarbons. Feed intake was recorded daily and weight gain monthly.At the end of the accumulation time (41 weeks), canthaxanthin concentration was determined in the muscle, the skin and the remaining carcass. A general depressive effect of dodecylcyclohexane was observed on both appetite and growth. The reduced growth rate could not be fully explained by the decrease in food consumption. Dodecylcyclohexane reduced the lipid and dry matter digestibilities as well as canthaxanthin fixation in muscle.
During a 2 month depuration period, half the trout were fed a hydrocarbon-free diet while the other half starved. A general compensatory growth was observed in the fed fish. Correspondingly, for starving trout, the weight decrease was lower for the test group than in control.
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Good experimental study although not GLP. No guideline available. Very long term trophic study (31 weeks exposure + 8 weeks depuration).
- Justification for type of information:
- A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The fish are exposed to the substance through food for 7 to 10 months, then depurated for 2 months. Growth is recorded monthly.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No test surrogate material - Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable (No analytical monitoring)
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The substance was incorporated to the diet. The diet consisted of 36% herring fish meal / 33.5% wheat / 22.5% soybean meal / 3% soybean oil / 2% vitamin mix / 1% mineral mix /2% lignosulfite (binder). In the experimental diet, 1% of soybean oil was substituted by the same amount of test substance.
The diets were pelleted (dry method) with a Templewood press in two pellet sizes: 2.5 mm (for trout 13-80 g weight) and 5 mm for the bigger sizes. Canthaxanthin (0.02%) was added to the 5 mm pellets. - Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 8 months
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 13 g
FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type: artificial; prepared at the laboratory
- Amount: satiation feeding
- Frequency: 4 times a day except the day before weighing - Test type:
- other: Trophic exposure; flow-through tanks
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 31 wk
- Post exposure observation period:
- At the end of the exposure period, the remaining fish were divided into two groups: one group was fed at satiation 4 times a day on control diet, while the second group was maintained on total fast. Weight variations were followed for 8 weeks.
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 17 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- no data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- Not relevant (Freshwater study)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration in food: 10 g/kg
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 7 m * 1.5 m * 0.4 m
- Aeration: no data
- Water flow rate: 350 L/min
- No. of organisms per vessel: 800
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 2.5 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Tank water: spring water
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Mortality
- Weight : Lots of 100 trout, sampled using a table of random numbers were weighed weekly for the first month, then monthly
- Canthaxanthin determination in muscle, skin and remaing carcass at the pellet size change and at the end of the exposure
- Voluntary feed intake recorded weekly
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 31 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Effect concentration
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 31 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks:
- voluntary food intake
- Duration:
- 31 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reversible: increased growth rate during the depuration phase
- Duration:
- 31 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Canthaxanthin fixation
- Duration:
- 31 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Decrease
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg diet
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Digestion of dry matter and lipids
- Details on results:
- - Fish weights, weight gains and feeding parameters: see Table 1
- Other biological observations: Canthaxanthin fixation: see Table 2; Digestion of dry matter and lipids: see Table 3
- Incidents in the course of the test which might have influenced the results: None
Depuration phase (see Table 4):
- General compensatory growth in fed test fish
- Reduced weight loss in starving test fish compared to control - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No reference substance
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Student's t-test
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Very long term exposure (31 weeks) to 1% n-alkanes in diet reduces fish appetite, fish growth, lipid digestibility and canthaxanthin fixation in rainbow trout. The effects are reversible.
- Executive summary:
n-alkanes were incorporated into the diet (10 g/kg food) of rainbow trout to assess the effects of long-term exposure to saturated hydrocarbons. Feed intake was recorded daily and weight gain monthly.At the end of the accumulation time (31 weeks), canthaxanthin concentration was determined in the muscle, the skin and the remaining carcass. A general depressive effect of n-alkanes was observed on both appetite and growth. The reduced growth rate could not be fully explained by the decrease in food consumption. n-alkanes reduced the lipid and dry matter digestibilities as well as canthaxanthin fixation in muscle.
During a 2 month depuration period, half the trout were fed a hydrocarbon-free diet while the other half starved. A general compensatory growth was observed in the fed fish. Correspondingly, for starving trout, the weight decrease was lower for the test group than in control.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Effect of 1% incorporation of pristane in the diet on appetite, growth and food utilisation in rainbow trout during the accumulation period.
Treatment |
Initial mean weight (g) |
Final mean weight (g) |
Weekly mean body weight increase (g/wk) |
Conversion factor (Feed/∆ W) |
Feed intake (% BW/day) |
Control |
13.4 |
170 |
6.02 |
1.61 |
1.55 |
Pristane |
13.7 |
137 |
2.74 |
2.69 |
1.40 |
∆ W: weight increase; BW: body weight
Table 2. Effect of 1% incorporation of pristane in the diet on canthaxanthin concentrations in different tissues of rainbow trout.
Treatment |
Diet (µg/g) |
Skin (µg/g FBW) |
Muscle (µg/g FBW) |
Remaining carcass (µg/g FBW) |
Control |
178 |
1.17 |
11.42 |
0.24 |
Pristane |
179 |
1.18 |
3.64 |
0.37 |
FBW: Fresh body weight
Table 3. Digestion coefficients (%) calculated for dry matter and lipids in trout given diets containing pristane
Treatment |
Dry matter |
Lipids |
Control |
57.86 ± 0.34 |
90.47 ± 0.70 |
Pristane |
55.76 ± 0.93* |
82.73 ± 1.99* |
* significantly different from control (p<0.001)
Table 4. Weight variation in rainbow trout starved or fed control diet for 8 weeks at the end of the exposure period.
Treatment |
Fed |
Starving |
|||||
Final weight (g) |
% increase* |
Weely weight increase* (g/wk) |
Conversion factor |
Final weight (g) |
% decrease* |
Weely weight decrease* (g/wk) |
|
Control |
236 |
38.8 |
8.3 |
3.07 |
146 |
14.1 |
3 |
Pristane |
255 |
86.1 |
14.7 |
1.76 |
130 |
5.1 |
0.9 |
* since the end of exposure
Table 1. Effect of 1% incorporation of dodecylcyclohexane in the diet on appetite, growth and food utilisation in rainbow trout during the accumulation period.
Treatment |
Initial mean weight (g) |
Final mean weight (g) |
Duration of accumulation experiment (weeks) |
Weekly mean body weight increase (g/wk) |
Conversion factor (Feed/∆ W) |
Feed intake (% BW/day) |
Control |
13.4 |
170 |
26 |
6.02 |
1.61 |
1.55 |
Dodecyl-cyclohexane |
13.6 |
169 |
41 |
3.79 |
2.14 |
1.42 |
∆ W: weight increase; BW: body weight
Table 2. Effect of 1% incorporation of dodecylcyclohexane in the diet on canthaxanthin concentrations in different tissues of rainbow trout.
Treatment |
Diet (µg/g) |
Skin (µg/g FBW) |
Muscle (µg/g FBW) |
Remaining carcass (µg/g FBW) |
Control |
178 |
1.17 |
11.42 |
0.24 |
Dodecyl-cyclohexane |
164 |
1.22 |
4.66 |
1.08 |
FBW: Fresh body weight
Table 3. Digestion coefficients (%) calculated for dry matter and lipids in trout given diets containing dodecylcyclohexane
Treatment |
Dry matter |
Lipids |
Control |
57.86 ± 0.34 |
90.47 ± 0.70 |
Dodecylcyclohexane |
54.68 ± 1.16* |
86.97 ± 0.78* |
* significantly different from control (p<0.001)
Table 4. Weight variation in rainbow trout starved or fed control diet for 8 weeks at the end of the exposure period.
Treatment |
Fed |
Starving |
|||||
Final weight (g) |
% increase* |
Weely weight increase* (g/wk) |
Conversion factor |
Final weight (g) |
% decrease* |
Weely weight decrease* (g/wk) |
|
Control |
236 |
38.8 |
8.3 |
3.07 |
146 |
14.1 |
3 |
Dodecyl-cyclohexane |
265 |
56.8 |
12 |
3.09 |
151 |
10.7 |
2.2 |
* since the end of exposure
Table 1. Effect of 1% incorporation of n-alkanes in the diet on appetite, growth and food utilisation in rainbow trout during the accumulation period.
Treatment |
Initial mean weight (g) |
Final mean weight (g) |
Duration of accumulation experiment (weeks) |
Weekly mean body weight increase (g/wk) |
Conversion factor (Feed/∆ W) |
Feed intake (% BW/day) |
Control |
13.4 |
170 |
26 |
6.02 |
1.61 |
1.55 |
n-alkanes |
13.3 |
150 |
31 |
4.41 |
2.06 |
1.63 |
∆ W: weight increase; BW: body weight
Table 2. Effect of 1% incorporation of n-alkanes in the diet on canthaxanthin concentrations in different tissues of rainbow trout.
Treatment |
Diet (µg/g) |
Skin (µg/g FBW) |
Muscle (µg/g FBW) |
Remaining carcass (µg/g FBW) |
Control |
178 |
1.17 |
11.42 |
0.24 |
n-alkanes |
173 |
1.18 |
5.54 |
0.59 |
FBW: Fresh body weight
Table 3. Digestion coefficients (%) calculated for dry matter and lipids in trout given diets containing n-alkanes
Treatment |
Dry matter |
Lipids |
Control |
57.86 ± 0.34 |
90.47 ± 0.70 |
n-alkanes |
56.04 ± 1.14* |
88.26 ± 0.85* |
* significantly different from control (p<0.005)
Table 4. Weight variation in rainbow trout starved or fed control diet for 8 weeks at the end of the exposure period.
Treatment |
Fed |
Starving |
|||||
Final weight (g) |
% increase* |
Weely weight increase* (g/wk) |
Conversion factor |
Final weight (g) |
% decrease* |
Weely weight decrease* (g/wk) |
|
Control |
236 |
38.8 |
8.3 |
3.07 |
146 |
14.1 |
3 |
n-alkanes |
231 |
54.0 |
10.1 |
2.61 |
129 |
14.0 |
2.6 |
* since the end of exposure
Description of key information
There is no data available for this substance. However, data to be used as a weight of evidence is available for structural analogues. The data is read across to this substance based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
1% pristane, 1%dodecylcyclohexane or 1% n-alkanes long-term exposures in fish diet reduced fish appetite, fish growth, lipid digestibility and canthaxanthin fixation in rainbow trout. The effects were reversible. No NOELR or NOEC value has been determined for long-term toxicity to fish.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Very long term exposure (45 weeks) to 1% pristane in diet reduces fish appetite, fish growth, lipid digestibility and canthaxanthin fixation in rainbow trout. The effects are reversible.
Very long term exposure (41 weeks) to 1% dodecylcyclohexane in diet reduces fish appetite, fish growth, lipid digestibility and canthaxanthin fixation in rainbow trout. The effects are reversible.
Very long term exposure (31 weeks) to 1% n-alkanes in diet reduces fish appetite, fish growth, lipid digestibility and canthaxanthin fixation in rainbow trout. The effects are reversible.
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