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EC number: 267-122-6 | CAS number: 67801-01-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- one-generation reproductive toxicity
- Remarks:
- based on test type (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- August 1977
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: well documented and described, some environmental condictions are not described; estrous cycle and sperm parameter of the parental generation not recorded; macro- and microscopic examination of parental animals was not conducted
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 982
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 415 [One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study (before 9 October 2017)]
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- the study was not conducted as a one-generation study but meets basic principles of this test (exposure duration F0 animals, dose level, observations); histopathology of parental target organs and analysis of oestrous-cycle/spermatogenesis was not performed
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Barium bis[2-chloro-5-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]toluene-4-sulphonate]
- EC Number:
- 225-935-3
- EC Name:
- Barium bis[2-chloro-5-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]toluene-4-sulphonate]
- Cas Number:
- 5160-02-1
- Molecular formula:
- C17H13ClN2O4S.1/2Ba
- IUPAC Name:
- barium bis{5-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)diazenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonate}
- Details on test material:
- red powder
Desert Red - D&C Red No. 9 Ba. Lake
Batch #547530, C-15-I01
Not less than 76% Pure Dye
FDA Certification Lot #AA3779
received from The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Inc. (CTFA), by Litton Bionetics, Inc. (LBI)
on August 12, 1977
designated as LBI No. 1643. FDA certification reported 76% purity.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- CD-1
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Inc., Portage, Michigan
- Age at study initiation: (P) x 40d
- Housing: singly until mating (8 weeks), 1:1 for mating 7d, again separated for pregnancy, delivery and lactation (21d), F1 in groups
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 18d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23+/- 1
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): weekly
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): The appropriate quantity (by weight) of D&C Red No. 9 (corrected for purity) was manually mixed with 5 kg of basal diet. This premix was mixed with approximately one-half the final volume of basal feed for 15 minutes in a twin shell blender. The remaining basal feed was then added, and mixing was continued for 15 minutes. From Weeks 1-15, 36 kg of diet were prepared at each dose level. From Week 15 until weaning of the pups, the diet was prepared in 54 kg batches as frequently as needed to supply adequate feed for the rats.
- Storage temperature of food: room temperature - Details on mating procedure:
- - M/F ratio per cage: one to one
- Length of cohabitation: 7d
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: no
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): singly for pregnancy, delivery and lactation - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- The homogeneity of the preparations was determined by analyzing 9 discrete samples from each dietary level of the first batch. Additionally, samples of the first batch were analyzed after storage at room temperature (25°C) for 7, 14 and 21 days and 7 days at 370C. During the remainder of the in utero phase of the study, the test diet was analyzed approximately weekly. The stability of D&C Red No. 9 in the diet under animal room conditions was determined by the analysis of diet remaining in 3 feed jars from each dietary level at the end of Weeks 2, 5, and 12. At Week 10 only, samples of the 100 ppm diet were analyzed to check for low values found in Weeks 2 and 5.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 8 weeks before mating and during mating (P), 30 month (whole life time) of the F1 generation
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily
- Details on study schedule:
- - Selection of parents from F1 generation when pups were 21 days of age.
- Age at mating of the mated animals in the study: 9.5 weeks
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 100, 200, 500 ppm
Basis:
nominal in diet
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 60
- Control animals:
- yes, plain diet
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: no data
- Rationale for animal assignment: random - Positive control:
- no
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily
- Cage side observations: physical appearance, signs of toxicity and mortality
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: weekly
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
in weekly intervals until mating was initiated
days of gestation - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- no data
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- no data
- Litter observations:
- bodyweight: The pups were sexed and weighed as a litter and the means were calculated on Days 0, 4 and 14. On Day 21, they were sexed and individual body weights were recorded. Body weights and food consumption were determined weekly for Weeks 1-14, subsequently at biweekly intervals over one week for Weeks 16-26, and at monthly intervals thereafter. Body weights were taken for all animals prior to necropsy
food consumption: Food consumption for dam and litter was determined for Days 0-4, 5-14, and 15-21.
clinical observation: Detailed observations were performed on all pups on Days 0, 4, 14 and 21 of lactation. After weaning and throughout the chronic phase, the animals were observed at least twice daily for general physical appearance, signs of toxicity and mortality.
ophthalmoscopic observation: The eyes of all surviving rats were examined at the initiation of the chronic phase, and at Months 3, 6, 12, 18 and 2
pathologic evaluation: Clinical pathologic evaluation was performed at Months 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 of the chronic phase of the study. Rats scheduled for clinical pathology were fasted overnight prior to collection of the samples.
Hematology: hb, hc, RBC, white blood cell count, reticulocyte count. Specimens were collected by orbital sinus bleeding for blood chemistry and hematology samples
Clinical chemistry: glucose, BUN, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phophatase, creatinine, total protein
urinalysis: color, appearance, specific gravity, protein, pH, ketones, bilirubin, glucose, occult blood and microscopic sediment was performed at the same intervals as the clinical pathologic testing. Urine was collected in stainless steel collection cages.
STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
One male and i female pup were randomly selected from each litter when possible. To provide 70 animals per sex per dose group, litters were selected randomly to contribute an additional male and/or female pup which was selected randomly from the remaining pups
GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
no
PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined: live pubs, dead pubs, sex, mean pub weight, on days 0, 4, 14 and 21 - Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- SACRIFICE
Pups not selected for the chronic study, and the F0 generation rats were discarded
GROSS NECROPSY
- no
HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
no - Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- SACRIFICE
All animals dying on study or killed (via carbon dioxide) were necropsied. For the 12 month interim kill, 10 animals/sex/dose group were randomly
selected from the survivors and all surviving animals were killed at the 30 month terminal kill.
GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of [external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.]
HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGTHS
At the interim and terminal kills organ weights were determined for the adrenal glands, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, thyroids, testes, ovaries, and uterus. The organ weight/body weight percentages were calculated.
abdominal aorta
adrenal gland (2)
bone and bone marrow (femur)
brain (3 sections including
frontal cortex and basal
ganglia, parietal cortex
and thalamus; cerebellum
and pons)
cecum
colon
duodenum
esophagus
eye
heart (with coronary vessles)
ileum
jejunum
kidneys (2)
liver
lung and mainstem bronchi
mediastinal lymph node
mesenteric lymph node
mammary gland
mandibular salivary gland
nerve (sciatic)
ovaries
pancreas
pituitary gland
prostate
seminal vesicles
skeletal muscle (rectus femoris)
skin
spinal cord (cervical)
spleen
stomach
testes with epididymides
thymus
trachea
thyroid/parathyroid
urinary bladder
uterus
gross lesions of uncertain
nature and all tissue
masses or suspect tumors and
abnormal regional lymph nodes
A blood smear (air dried/methanol fixed) was taken from the animals at the scheduled kills for possible histopathologic evaluation. Blood smears
were also taken from moribund animals starting with those after the interim kill.
Tumor incidence analysis. - Statistics:
- The controls were combined, weighted for the number of samples in each, for statistical analyses. Differences between mean values were analyzed
using Dunnett’s t-test [I]. Ratios were compared using a 2x2 contingency table with Yates’ correction. A probability of p<0.05 was used as a basis to determine statistical significance. For body weight, organ weight and clinical pathology data, if a significant difference was observed between a dose and combined control group, the two controls were compared to each other using a Student’s t-test at the p<0.01 level. If the controls differed, then each control group was compared to the dose groups using Dunnett’s t-test at the p<0.05 level. Statistical analyses for tumor incidences where values of p<0.0l were considered significant was performed by using the NCI program developed by Thomas, et. al. - Reproductive indices:
- reproductive performance and gesatation period
- Offspring viability indices:
- Pup viability was determined as gestation viability (live birth vs total birth), neonate viability (live pups Day 4 vs live pups Day 0), early lactation viability (live pups Day 14 vs live pups Day 4), and late lactation viability (live pups Day 21 vs live pups Day 14). The overall viability (live pups Day 21 vs live pups Day O) has also been calculated.
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not examined
- Other effects:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Test substance intake: see table below
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not examined
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not examined
- Reproductive performance:
- no effects observed
Effect levels (P0)
- Dose descriptor:
- other: fertility, reproduction and carcinogenicity
- Effect level:
- other: no effects on these parameters
- Sex:
- male/female
- Remarks on result:
- other: Generation: P and F1 (migrated information)
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality / viability:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings:
- no effects observed
Details on results (F1)
body weight: The decreased mean body weight of female pups of the 500 ppm treatment level at Day 21 of lactation was the only value statistically different from the combined controls. However, the decrease was less than 10% of the control weight and was judged not to represent a compound related effect.
sex ratio: No statistically significant differences between treated and combined controls were observed.
pub deaths: distribution of pup deaths was uniform among all 5 groups, for both the treated and the control. Therefore, it was judged that the deaths which occurred were not compound related, and the absence of gross necropsy data did not affect the scientific integrity of the study.
food consumption: Sporadic statistically significant differences have occurred, but were judged to be unrelated to treatment.
organ weight: For the 12 month interim kill, significantly high values for both the spleen weight and the spleen weight-body weight percentages was observed in the high dose females. The spleen weight and spleen weight-body weight percentages for the high dose males were elevated as compared to the combined control but this was not statistically different. Spleen weight and spleen weight-body weight percentages values for the high
dose of both sexes were not statistically significant at the 30 month terminal kill but the values were elevated as compared to the combined values.
pathology and microscopy: The hemosiderosis observed in the spleens reported for the high dose females in the 12 Month Interim Pathology Report was subjectively graded to be more severe than similar lesions in the control animals, but the pathologist judged that this effect was unrelated to the test material. However, the hematology data reveal.ed a significant decrease in erythrocyte count and a significant increase in the spleen weight in the high dose females (500 ppm) at the 12-month interim kill. At this interval the apparent slight increase in hemosiderin of the spleen in the high dose
females tends to corroborate the hematologic data and the increase of the spleen weight.
The histopathologic evaluation of the control and high dose animals in addition to grossly noted lesions from mid and low dose animals after the 12-month interim kill did not reveal any obvious compound related effect. The lesions observed in the spleens of the high dose females at the 12 Month
interim kill were not apparent at the time of the terminal sacrifice.
The tumor incidence analysis did not suggest any compound related effect,
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
The mean intake (mg/kg/day) of test material of the F1 generation has been calculated as the mean daily food consumption multiplied by the intended dietary concentration divided by the mean body weight. The mean intake of test material per animal over the course of the FI generation study was as follows.
Dietary Concentration(ppm of D&C Red No. 9) | mg/kg/day (Mean ± SE) males | mg/kg/day (Mean ± SE) females |
100 | 5.08 + 0.41 | 6.36 + 0.39 |
200 | 10.02 + 0.82 | 12.53 + 0.80 |
500 | 25.89 + 2.12 | 32.42 + 2.12 |
mean material intake F0 generation
The food consumption values during lactation were excluded from the mean intake of test material per animal during the course of the F0 phase, because the food consumption values during this period reflected the food consumed by both the pups and the dams
Dietary Concentration(ppm of D&C Red No. 9) | mg/kg/day (Mean ± SE) males | mg/kg/day (Mean ± SE) females |
100 | 8.3 ± 0.03 | 8.5 ± 0.21 |
200 | 17.4 ± 0.73 | 16.9 ± 0.44 |
500 | 42.5 ± 1.54 | 42.2 ± 1.05 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
The test material, D&C Red No. 9, was administered to rats in the diet at concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 ppm for 8 weeks prior to mating. The treatment was continued during gestation and lactation. The test material was judged not to have an effect on body weight, food consumption, or fertility of the F0 generation rats. Similarly, no effect was evident on the viability or growth of F1 pups from birth to weaning. Rats from parents treated with graded dietary concentrations of D&C Red No. 9 (0, 100, 200 and 500 ppm) have been continued on treatment for 30 months after weaning. The only difference between the treated groups and the control (0 ppm) groups now judged to be related to the test material is the increase in the spleen weight in the high dose females at the 12 month interval. The apparent decreased values of red cell parameters seen at 12 months were not evident at 18 or 24 months. The gross and histopathologic evaluation and the tumor incidence analyses of the animals did not reveal any compound related effect.
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