Dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR model

Principles of method if other than guideline:

ECOSAR Program(v1.00)

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Green Algae

Details on test organisms:

QSAR model-Green Algae

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Nominal and measured concentrations:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

100% Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-(CAS No. 27176-87-0)
SMILES : : O=S(=O)(c1ccc(cc1)CCCCCCCCCCCC)O
CHEM : Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-
MOL FOR:C18 H30 O3 S1
MOL WT :326.50
Log Kow:4.78 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol:100 mg/L (measured)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

12.086 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

not specified

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.346 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

not specified

Remarks on result:

other: NOEC cited as a ChV value

Details on results:

Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 =12.086 mg/L (ppm)
Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 7.346 mg/L(ppm)

Overview of QSARs estimations on aquatic toxicity of 

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid/ Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-

to Green algae

 

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
QSAR estimate	Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 =12.086 mg/L (ppm) Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 7.346 mg/L(ppm)	Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data	ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

 Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 =12.086 mg/L (ppm)

Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 7.346 mg/L(ppm)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

Green Algae, 96-hr EC50 =12.086 mg/L (ppm)
Green Algae, 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value = 7.346 mg/L(ppm)

Executive summary:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 7.346 mg/L (ppm) Green Algae.

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 12.086 mg/L (ppm) for Green Algae.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA method

Principles of method if other than guideline:

River Po waters were collected at the end of the drainage basin, extracted by means of XAD-2 resins and tested for toxicity on aquatic organisms (Daphnia magna and Selenastrum capricornutum) and for mutagenicity with a modified Ames test. The extracts were analyzed by HRGC/FID and selective detectors for the determination of the most common classes of toxic compounds.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

20 °C

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

29 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Details on results:

A 96 h EC50 of 29 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A 96 h EC50 of 29 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae).

Executive summary:

A 96 h EC50 of 29 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

The concentration of the test substance in the test solution was analyzed at the beginning (0 hr) and at the end (72 hrs) of the test. About 2 mL sample (3 replicates) was taken from prepared vessels at 0 hours and at 72 hours, firstly 10 mL of test solutions of 3 flasks of each concentration were pooled and the solutions were centrifuged slightly(5000 rpm, 10 min) to remove grown algae. Upper phase of centrifuged solutions were taken and put into the analytical vial and then analyzed.

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Preparation method of test solution :After 103 mg of the test substance was added in a 1,000 mL beaker, and the dilution water (OECD nutrient medium) was added up to the mark of the beaker. This solution was then stirred for about 30 minutes. Serial dilutions of this test solution were prepared with the dilution water to give the desired series of exposure levels which were nominally 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.3 mg/L. For the control group, only the OECD culture medium was used. Test solution became turbid slightly but it was not filtered into consideration of characterization of test substance. This test substance is surfactant (by MSDS) and OECD document “Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (OECD, 2000) recommend that separation techniques should not be applied to surfactant solution. Therefore, the filtration process was not performed for preparation of test solution.

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata - Strain No. : UTEX 1648

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Hardness:

Hardness (as CaCO3): 45.5 mg/L

Test temperature:

23.1 +/- 0.1 deg C

pH:

7.08-8.27

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Test concentrations were as follows :- Nominal : control, 6.3, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L- Mean measured : control, 7.9, 15.1, 29.2, 56.1 and 101 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

- Medium : sterile OECD Nutrient medium (OECD TG, 2006)- Light intensity : 81- 89 μE/m2/s- Initial cell density : 5.0 × 103 cells/mL- Test design : 3 replicates

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

65.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other: 61.7-69.8

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

21 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Remarks on result:

other: 7.9-30.1

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

15.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Details on results:

A 72 h NOEC of 7.9 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The substance is less toxic to algae under the condition of the test.
A 72 h NOEC of 7.9 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata.

Executive summary:

The study was conducted in accordance with the OECD TG 201 with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. It was performed with control and nominal concentrations of 6.3, 12.5, 25.0 and 100 mg/L each in triplicates. Cultures were incubated on a shaking incubator under continuous illumination at 23.1±1°C for 72 hours. Growth was monitored daily by determining the cell density of each culture by direct counts using a microscope. The 72hr-EC₅₀values of this study were 65.4 mg/L (measured) for average growth rate and 21.0 mg/L (measured) for yield respectively. The 72hr-NOEC values were 7.9 mg/L (measured) for average growth rate and yield.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ASTM (1984)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

ASTM. 1984. Standard Practice for Conducting Toxicity Tests with Microalgae, Draft #7, Philadelphia, PA. Algae were exposed to the test material for four days, after which cell counts were made. The EC50 value was calculated using the method of Larson and Schaefer.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

Selenastrum capricornutum (algae)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

Open-system

Hardness:

137 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

Mean test temperature was 23.6 (21.2-25.6 °C).

pH:

6.8-7.2

Dissolved oxygen:

9.1 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Concentrations in the enclosures that first altered community structure were found to be between 27 and 108 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

The EC value was calculated using the method of Lason and Schaeffer.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

29 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Details on results:

A 96 h EC50 of 29 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Scenedesmus capricornutum .

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A 96 h EC50 of 29 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Selenastrum capricornutum (algae).

Description of key information

A 72 h NOEC of 7.9 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata. 
The 72hr-EC50 values of this study were 65.4 mg/L (measured) for average growth rate and 21.0 mg/L (measured) for yield respectively.
A 96 h EC50 of 29 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Selenastrum capricornutum (algae).
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 7.346 mg/L (ppm) Green Algae. 
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 12.086 mg/L (ppm) for Green Algae. 
The available data for saltwater algae and cyanobacteria are limited and to obtaine the value for PNECs for saltwaters is taken account a assesment factor 10 to extrapolate to LC50 following the “Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]- response for environment”and “Table R.10-5 Assessment factors proposed for deriving PNEC water for saltwater for different data sets”, to account for the possibility that greater taxonomic diversity in the marine environment makes it likely that some marine taxa may be more sensitive than the most sensitive freshwater taxa 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:

65.4 mg/L

EC50 for marine water algae:

6.54 mg/L

EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:

7.9 mg/L

EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:

0.79 mg/L

Additional information

A 72 h NOEC of 7.9 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata.

The 72hr-EC50 values of this study were 65.4 mg/L (measured) for average growth rate and 21.0 mg/L (measured) for yield respectively.

A 96 h EC50 of 29 mg/L has been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the Selenastrum capricornutum (algae).

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 30-day, NOEC cited as a ChV value would to be 7.346 mg/L (ppm) Green Algae.

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that 96-hr EC50 value would to be 12.086 mg/L (ppm) for Green Algae.

 

The available data for saltwater algae and cyanobacteria are limited and to obtaine the value for PNECs for saltwaters is taken account a assesment factor 10 to extrapolate to LC50 following the “Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]- response for environment”and “Table R.10-5 Assessment factors proposed for deriving PNEC water for saltwater for different data sets”, to account for the possibility that greater taxonomic diversity in the marine environment makes it likely that some marine taxa may be more sensitive than the most sensitive freshwater taxa