Aluminium dihydrogen triphosphate

Acute Toxicity: inhalation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

13 Apr - 02 Jul 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP-Guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2012

Report date:

2012

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 436 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Acute Toxic Class Method)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

It was noted that one atmosphere concentration sample is greater than 20% of the mean achieved atmosphere concentration. A full justification for including this sample in the test is given in the section 'any other information on the results'.

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

acute toxic class method

Limit test:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Aluminium dihydrogen triphosphate

EC Number:

237-714-9

EC Name:

Aluminium dihydrogen triphosphate

Cas Number:

13939-25-8

Molecular formula:

AlH2O10P3

IUPAC Name:

aluminium(3+) bis(hydrogen phosphonatooxy)phosphinate

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

migrated information: powder

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Aluminium dihydrogen triphosphate
- Physical state: off white powder
- Analytical purity: assay min. 95.0% (based on min. 16.5% Al2O3 and min. 72.5% P2O5)
- Purity test date: 15.06.2012
- Lot/batch No.: MV 500
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature in the dark

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Further details on strain: RccHanTM : WIST strain rats
- Source: Harlan Laboratories UK Ltd, Oxon, UK
- Age at study initiation: 8-12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 200-350 g
- Fasting period before study: none
- Housing: The animals were housed in groups of up to three by sex in solid-floor polypropylene cages with stainless steel lids, furnished with softwood flakes (Datesand Ltd., Cheshire, UK) and provided with environmental enrichment items: wooden chew blocks and cardboard “fun tunnels” (Datesand Ltd., Cheshire, UK).
- Diet: with the exception of the exposure period diet (Harlan 2014C Rodent Diet, Harlan Laboratories UK Ltd, Oxon, UK) was available ad libitum
- Water: with the exception of the exposure period water was available ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19-25
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): at least 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

inhalation: dust

Type of inhalation exposure:

nose only

Vehicle:

air

Details on inhalation exposure:

GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: A dust atmosphere was produced from the test item using a SAG 410 Solid Aerosol Generator (TOPAS GmbH, Dresden, Germany) located adjacent to the exposure chamber. The SAG 410 was connected to a metered compressed air supply.
Compressed air was supplied by means of an oil free compressor and passed through a water trap and respiratory quality filters before it was introduced to the SAG 410.
- Exposure chamber volume: 30 litres (dimensions: 28 cm diameter x 50 cm high)
-Chamber flow rate: The chamber flow rate was maintained at 40 L/min providing 80 air changes per hour.
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: each rat was individually held in a tapered, polycarbonate restraining tube fitted onto a single tier of the exposure chamber and sealed by means of a rubber ‘O’ ring. Only the nose of each animal was exposed to the test atmosphere.
- Method of conditioning air: The concentration within the chamber was controlled by adjusting the test item feed rate from the SAG 410. The extract from the exposure chamber passed through a ‘scrubber’ trap and was connected with a high efficiency filter to a metered exhaust system. The chamber was maintained under negative pressure.
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: In order to facilitate aerosolisation and reduce particle size, the test item was ground using a small amount of diethyl ether in a Retsch Planetary Ball Mill (Retsch (UK) Ltd, Leeds, UK) all of the solvent was removed via evaporation prior to use. The absorption of the test item was not determined. See 'exposure apparatus' for further details.
- Method of particle size determination: The particle size of the generated atmosphere inside the exposure chamber was determined three times during the exposure period using a Marple Personal Cascade Impactor (Westech IS Ltd, Beds., UK). This device consisted of six impactor stages (9.7, 6.7, 3.8, 1.8, 0.94 and 0.46 μm cut points) with stainless steel collection substrates and a back up glass fibre filter, housed in an aluminium sampler. The sampler was temporarily sealed in a sampling port in the animals’ breathing zone and a suitable, known volume of exposure chamber air was drawn through it using a vacuum pump.
The collection substrates and backup filter were weighed before and after sampling and the weight of test item, collected at each stage, calculated by difference.
The mean amount for each stage was used to determine the cumulative amount below each cut-off point size. In this way, the proportion (%) of aerosol less than 9.7, 6.7, 3.8, 1.8, 0.94 and 0.46 μm was calculated.
The resulting values were converted to probits and plotted against Log10 cut-point size. From this plot, the Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) was determined (as the 50% point) and the geometric standard deviation was calculated. In addition the proportion (%) of aerosol less than 4 μm (considered to be the inhalable fraction) was determined.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: The temperature and relative humidity inside the exposure chamber were measured by an electronic thermometer/humidity meter (Hanna Instruments Ltd, Beds., UK) located in a vacant port in the animals’ breathing zone of the chamber and recorded every thirty minutes throughout the four-hour exposure period. Individual values are given in Appendix 9.
-Exposure chamber oxygen concentration: Oxygen levels within the exposure chamber were measured by an electronic oxygen analyser (Servomex (UK) Ltd, Crowborough, East Sussex) located in a port in the animals breathing zone during the four-hour exposure period. The test atmosphere was generated to contain at least 19% oxygen. Individual values are given in Appendix 10.

TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: Homogeneity of the test atmosphere within the chamber was not specifically determined during this study. Chambers of the same design (ADG Developments Ltd, Hitchin, Herts, UK) have been fully validated and shown to produce evenly distributed atmospheres in the animals’ breathing zone with a wide variety of test items (Green J D et al, 1984).
Prior to the start of the study, test item atmospheres were generated within the exposure chamber. During this characterisation period test item input rates, grinding techniques and generation systems were varied in order to achieve the required atmospheric conditions.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes
The actual chamber concentration was measured at regular intervals during the exposure period. The gravimetric method used glass fibre filters placed in a filter holder. The holder was temporarily sealed in a vacant port in the exposure chamber in the animals’ breathing zone and a suitable, known volume of exposure chamber air was drawn through the filter using a vacuum pump.
Each filter was weighed before and after sampling in order to calculate the weight of collected test item. The difference in the two weights, divided by the volume of atmosphere sampled, gave the actual chamber concentration.
The nominal chamber concentration was calculated by dividing the mass of test item used by the total volume of air passed through the chamber.
The nominal concentration is 6186% of the actual mean achieved atmosphere concentration and shows that keeping the aerosol airborne was moderately difficult.

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

yes

Duration of exposure:

4 h

Concentrations:

3.46 mg/L (mean maximum attainable concentration)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

3

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: All animals were observed for clinical signs at hourly intervals during exposure, immediately on removal from the restraining tubes at the end of exposure, one hour after termination of exposure and subsequently once daily for up to fourteen days. Any evidence of overt toxicity was recorded at each observation.
- Bodyweight: Individual bodyweights were recorded on arrival, prior to treatment on the day of exposure and on Days 1, 3, 7 and 14.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
At the end of the fourteen day observation period the animals were killed by intravenous overdose of sodium pentobarbitone. All animals were subjected to a full external and internal examination, and any macroscopic abnormalities were recorded. The respiratory tract was subjected to a detailed macroscopic examination for signs of irritancy or local toxicity.

Statistics:

Evaluation of Data
Data evaluations included the relationship, if any, between the animals’ exposure to the test item and the incidence and severity of all abnormalities including behavioural and clinical observations, necropsy findings, bodyweight changes, mortality and any other toxicological effects.
Using the mortality data obtained, an estimate of the acute inhalation median lethal concentration (LC50) of the test item was made.

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

> 3.46 mg/L air (analytical)

Based on:

test mat.

Exp. duration:

4 h

Mortality:

There was no mortality.

Clinical signs:

other: Individual clinical observations are given in Appendices 4 and 5. Signs of hunched posture, pilo-erection and red/brown staining around the eyes and/or snout are commonly seen in animals for short periods on removal from the chamber following 4-Hour inhal

Body weight:

Individual bodyweights, together with bodyweight changes, are given in Appendix 6.
All males and one female animal exhibited bodyweight losses on the first day postexposure. All animals exhibited bodyweight gains during the remainder of the recovery period, with the exception of one male and one female animal which exhibited slight bodyweight losses or showed no bodyweight gain from Days 1 to 3 post-exposure. One male and one female animal also exhibited slight bodyweight losses or showed no bodyweight gain from Days 3 to 7 post-exposure.

Gross pathology:

Individual necropsy findings are given in Appendix 7.
No macroscopic abnormalities were detected amongst animals at necropsy.

Any other information on results incl. tables

It is noted that one atmosphere concentration sample is greater than 20% of the mean achieved atmosphere concentration, as this deviation to the test guideline is slight (0.04mg/L) and the fact that the generation was running at the maximum rate it is considered that this deviation was unavoidable. It is considered that re-running this group because of this deviation is inappropriate and unethical. The results obtained (in terms of animal observations) would be considered to be similar if another group was to be exposed at the same input rates, it must also be noted that the consistency of achieved atmospheres if another group was to be exposed may be even worse.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

No deaths occurred in a group of six rats exposed to a mean maximum attainable atmosphere concentration of 3.46 mg/L for four hours. It was therefore considered that the acute inhalation median lethal concentration (4 hr LC50) of Aluminium dihydrogen triphosphate, in the RccHanTM: WIST strain rat, was greater than 3.46 mg/L (mean maximum attainable analytical concentration). No toxicologically relevant effects were observed for clinical signs, body weight (gain) and at gross necropsy.

CLP: not classified
GHS: not classified