Fatty acids C18 unsat, reaction products with tetraethylenepentamine

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Available information indicates that Fatty acids C18 unsat, reaction products with tetraethylenepentamine (FA-TEPA) is corrosive to skin.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2 May 1990 - 13 June 1990

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: study performed similar to standard guideline and under GLP. There is no CoA avaialble for the test substance.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Extra exposure periods were added; 3-minute, 1-hour, and 4-hour applications.

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Description: opaque, dark plum-coloured, slightly viscous liquid

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: David Percival Ltd., England
- Age at study initiation: 12-16 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.22-2.50 kg
- Housing: individuall y housed in suspended metal cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum):ad libitum
- Acclimation period: minimal 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18-23
- Humidity (%): 60-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

IN-LIFE DATES: No data

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Preparation of test site:

shaved

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

no

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5ml

Duration of treatment / exposure:

3-minute, 1-hour, and 4-hour applications

Observation period:

3-minute: 7 days
1-hour: 7 days
4-hour: 14 days

Number of animals:

3-minute: 6 animals
1-hour: 6 animals (same as for 3 min exposure)
4-hour: 3 animals

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: flanks, for 3 minutes the left flank was exposed, 7 days later for 1 hour left flank was exposed of the same animals. 3 new animals were used for the 4 hour exposure and the left flank was exposed.
- % coverage: 2.5 x 2.5 cm guaze patches
- Type of wrap if used:
The patch was secured in position over the test material with a strip of surgical adhesive tape (BLENDERM: approximate size 2.5 cm x 4.0 cm). The trunk of each rabbit was wrapped in an elasticated corset (TUBIGRIP).

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): gentle swabbing with cotton wool soaked in distilled water.
- Time after start of exposure: after 3 minutes, 1 hour of 4 hours.


SCORING SYSTEM: according to draize (Draize J.H. (1959) Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States, Austin, Texas,
"The Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics")
EVALUATION OF SKIN REACTIONS
Erythema and Eschar Formation Value
No erythema ........................................................ . 0
Very slight erythema (barely perceptible) 1
Well -defined erythema ........................................ 2
Moderate to severe erythema 3
Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight eschar
formation (injuries in depth) .....................................4

Oedema Formation
No oedema ......................................................... 0
Very slight oedema (barely perceptible) 1
Slight oedema (edges of area well-defined by
definite raising) 2
Moderate oedema (raised approximately 1
millimetre) ..................................................... 3
Severe oedema (raised more than 1 millimetre
ending beyond the area of exposure) 4

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

>= 4

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 14 days

Remarks:

scab lifting to reveal further deep scabbing

Remarks on result:

other: 48 & 72 hr: evaluation of erythema not possible due to adverse dermal reactions

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

animal #2

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

>= 4

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 14 days

Remarks:

Scar tissue

Remarks on result:

other: 48 & 72 hr: evaluation of erythema not possible due to adverse dermal reactions

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

animal #3

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

>= 4

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 14 days

Remarks:

scab lifting to reveal further deep scabbing

Remarks on result:

other: 48 & 72 hr: evaluation of erythema not possible due to adverse dermal reactions

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

>= 4

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 14 days

Remarks on result:

other: 48 & 72 hr: degree of thickening precluded evaluation of oedema

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

animal #2

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

>= 3

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 14 days

Remarks on result:

other: 48 & 72 hr: Reactions extend beyond treatment side.

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

animal #3

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

>= 4

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 14 days

Remarks on result:

other: 48 & 72 hr: degree of thickening precluded evaluation of oedema

Irritant / corrosive response data:

3 minute exposure
Incidents of very slight erythema were noted up to 72 hours after patch removal. Desquamation was noted at one treated skin site. No other adverse
dermal reactions were observed. No corrosive effects were noted.

1 hour exposure
Well-defined erythema was noted at all treated skin sites one hour after patch removal. Haemorrhage of the dermal capil laries was aso commonly
noted. On occasions the reactions extended beyond the site of application. Well-defined or moderate to severe erythema persisted at all treated skin
sites up to the 72-hour observation. Other adverse reactions commonly noted at these times were light brown discolouration of the epidermis and
haemorrhage of the dermal capillaries. The reactions extended beyond the site of application in two animals.
One animal was found dead on day 4 of the test. This was not treatment related and did not affect the integrity of the study. The remaining animals all showed hyperkeratinisation when observed on day 7. One animal also showed signs of reduced re-growth of fur at this time. Slight to severe oedema was observed at all treated skin sites one hour after patch removal. The oedema dropped ventrally below the treatment site in one animal. Slight to severe oedema was observed at the 24-hour observation and slight to moderate oedema persisted at all treatment sites up to 72 hours after patch removal. No oedema formation was observed in the remaining animals on day 7. No corrosive effects were noted.

4 hour exposure
Severe erythema and green-coloured necrosis was noted at all treated skin sites one hour after patch removal. Well-defined er,ythema surrounded the scabs and two treatment sites showed haemorrhage of the dermal capillaries. These reactions persisted at the 24-hour observation.

At the 48-hour observation and for the duration of the study it was not possible to evaluate the erythema due to the other adverse dermal effects. These included hardened dark brown/black-coloured or undulating scabs, light brown discolouration of the epidermis, blanching, well -defined or moderate erythema surrounding the scabs, desquamation, hyperkeratinisation, scabs, lifting to reveal further deep scabbing and scar tissue.

Severe oedema was noted one and 24 hours after patch removal. At the 48-hour observation it was not possible to evaluate the oedema at two treatment sites due to the degree of thickening. The remaining treatment site showed moderate oedema at this time and at the 72-hour observation. On days 7 and 14 it was not possible to evaluate the oedema at any treated skin site. On occasions during the study the oedema was observed to extend beyond the site of application.

The dermal responses seen in all three animals were considered to be indicative of corrosion.

Legenda

N = green-coloured necrosis

Me = moderate erythema surrounding scab

We = well-defined erythema surrounding scabs

Hy = hyperkeratinisation

?e = evaluation of erythema not possible due to adverse dermal reactions

St = hardened dark brown/black-coloured scabs

Sw = undulating scab

B7 = blanching

D = desquamation

Sd = scab lifting to reveal further deep scabbing

?Od = degree of thickening precluded evaluation of oedema

R = reactions extends beyond treatment site

Hd = haemorrhage of the dermal capillaries

Br = light brown discolouration of the epidermis

Sc = scar tissue

Fr = reduced re-growth of fur

Oe = oedema drops ventrally below treatment site

* = animal found dead on day 4 of the study

3 minute exposure

Skin Reaction	Reading (Hours)	Individual score - Rabbit No. and Sex
		97	115	119	123	129	130
		Male	Male	Female	Male	Male	Male
Erythema/eschar formation	1	0	1	1	1	0	0
	24	0	1	1	1	0	0
	48	0	0	1	0	0	0
	72	0	0	1D	0	0	0
	7 days	0	0	0D	0	0	0
oedema formation	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
	24	0	0	0	0	0	0
	48	0	0	0	0	0	0
	72	0	0	0	0	0	0
	7 days	0	0	0	0	0	0

1 hour exposure

Skin Reaction	Reading (Hours)	Individual score - Rabbit No. and Sex
		97	115	119	123	129	130
		Male	Male	Female	Male	Male	Male
Erythema/eschar formation	1	2Hd	2RHd	2RHd	2Hd	2R	2Hd
	24	3HdBr	2HdBr	2HdBrR	2HdBr	2R	2Hd
	48	3Br	2Br	2HdBrR	2Br	2R	2Hd
	72	3Br	2Br	2BrR	2Br	2R	2Br
	7 days	0Hy	0Hy	0HyFr	0Hy	0Hy	*
oedema formation	1	4	4	3	30e	2	2
	24	4	3	3	3	2	2
	48	3	3	3	3	3	2
	72	2	3	3	3	3	2
	7 days	0	0	0	0	0	*

4 hour exposure

Skin Reaction	Reading (Hours)	Individual score - Rabbit No. and Sex
		24	35	48
		Female	Male	Male
Erythema/eschar formation	1	4NWe	4NhdWe	4NhdWe
	24	4NWe	4NhdWe	4NhdWe
	48	?eStSwWe	?eStBrBlMe	?eStSwWe
	72	?eStSwWeBl	?eStSwBrBlMe	?eStSwWeBl
	7 days	?eStSwD	?eStSwHy	?eStSw
	14 days	?eSdD	?eScD	?eSdD
oedema formation	1	4	4	4
	24	4R	4R	4
	48	?0d	3R	?0d
	72	?0d	3R	?0d
	7 days	?0d	?0d	?0d
	14 days	?0d	?0d	?0d

Interpretation of results:

Category 1C (corrosive) based on GHS criteria

Remarks:

Migrated information

Conclusions:

The test material produced evidence of visible necrosis following an exposure period of up to four hours and no recovery was observed within 14 days. Based on this study the test substance should be regarded as corrosive to skin.

Executive summary:

The study was based on the recommendations of the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1981) No. 404 "Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion" and performed under GLP. In total 9 new zealand white rabbits were dermally exposed under semi-occlusion to 0.5ml of the undiluted test substance. 6 rabbits were first exposed for 3 minutes on their left flank, 7 days later the same animals were exposed on their right flank for 1 hour. The other three animals were exposed for 4 hours on their left flank. After exposure the test substance was removed by gentle swabbing with cotton wool soaked in distilled water. Obervations were made at 1 , 24, 48 72 hours and after 7 days. The animals exposed for 4 hours were observed up to 14 days. After 3 minutes exposure slight effects were observed and these were reversible after 7 days. Irritation was observed after the 1 hour exposure and these effects were not revesible within 7 days. The test material produced evidence of visible necrosis following an exposure period of up to four hours and no rceovery was observed within 14 days. Based on this study the test substance should be regarded as corrosive to skin.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (corrosive)

Eye irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Fatty acids C18 unsat, reaction products with tetraethylenepentamine (FA+TEPA) was evaluated in an in vivo dermal irritation/corrosion study in rabbits according OECD 404 and performed under GLP. In total 9 New Zealand white rabbits were dermally exposed under semi-occlusion to 0.5 ml of the undiluted test substance. 6 rabbits were first exposed for 3 minutes on their left flank, 7 days later the same animals were exposed on their right flank for 1 hour. The other three animals were exposed for 4 hours on their left flank. After exposure the test substance was removed by gentle swabbing with cotton wool soaked in distilled water. Observations were made at 1, 24, 48, 72 hours and after 7 days. The animals exposed for 4 hours were observed up to 14 days. After 3 minutes exposure slight effects were observed which were reversible after 7 days. Irritation was observed after the 1 hour exposure and these effects were not reversible within 7 days. The test material produced evidence of visible necrosis following an exposure period of up to four hours and no recovery was observed within 14 days. Based on this study the test substance should be regarded as corrosive to skin.

 

Also other in vivo irritation/corrosion studies indicate corrosion to skin following 4 hour application. The table below provides an overview of all available for the group of AAI (see document in support of category approach): 

Fatty acids C18 unsat + DETA	in vivo: Corrosive: Cat.1C
Fatty acids C18 unsat + TEPA	in vivo: Corrosive: Cat.1C
C16-18, C18 unsat + TEPA	in vivo: Corrosive: Cat.1C

 

An indication for possible threshold effects for irritation comes from an available sensitisation study on Fatty acids C16-18, C18 unsat reaction products with tetraethylenepentamine (FA+TEPA).

In a Guinea pig maximization study for dermal sensitization, a preliminary irritation study evaluated irritation from epidermal exposures to the substance for 24 hrs under occlusion. The highest non-irritating concentration for epidermal exposures was established at 1% in 0.9% NaCl. Epidermal concentrations of 5% resulted to moderate and confluent erythema.

 

There are no eye irritation studies available on an AAI substance. Corrosion to the eye is expected based on dermal corrosion.

There are no data from inhalation studies. However, exposure by inhalation is not likely considering the high boiling point (> 300 °C) and very low vapour pressure (0.00017 mPa at 25°C for DETA based AAI, which is considered to have the highest vapour pressure within the AAI). Furthermore, as the substance is classified as corrosive, no acute toxicity testing should normally be conducted.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Fatty acids C18 unsat, reaction products with tetraethylenepentamine (FA-TEPA) is corrosive to rabbit skin after 4 hours exposure. Consequently, it should be classified Corrosive, Cat. 1C .

 

Corrosive to eyes is assumed for substances for which dermal corrosion has been established and no additional classification is required.

 

There is no data from inhalation studies. However, in view of the very low vapour pressure of AAI in general, exposure by inhalation is not likely. Due to its physical state and physical chemical properties, it is unlikely that it will form inhalable dust, mist or fumes limiting the possible extend of exposure via inhalation.

For STOT-SE Cat 3 Respiratory Tract Irritation (RTI): Although the substance is very corrosive substances, the low vapour pressure prohibits occurrence of respiratory irritation by vapour. The classification of corrosive is already considered to implicitly cover the potential of RTI and additional Cat.3 is considered to be superfluous (Guidance CLP Ch. 3.8.2.5)