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EC number: 273-701-4 | CAS number: 69011-60-5 Oxides formed during melting, refining, and casting of solders. Major constituents are oxides of tin, lead and antimony; minor constituents are iron, nickel, sulfur, arsenic, copper and silver.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: in accordance to OECD
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Intermediates are complex metal containing materials and as mentioned in the EU CLP guidance (annex IV) these are not simple mixtures of metals or metal compounds. The EU CLP guidance gives the following recommendation for the environmental classification of such materials: “More complex metals or metal compounds containing inorganic substances like e.g. ores and concentrates are not simple mixtures of metals or metal compounds. Justified by their intrinsic properties, the solubility properties can differ substantially from what is observed for each individual constituent of that complex substance (e.g. the rate and extent of metals release from e.g. ores/concentrates are different from the ones from simple metals). All these materials are typically not readily soluble in any aqueous medium. In addition, these materials are often heterogeneous in size and composition on a microscopic/macroscopic scale. Therefore, adequate amounts of the material could be used to evaluate the extent to which the substances can be dissolved, i.e. its water solubility and/or the extent to which the metals can react with the media to transform to water soluble forms e.g. through Transformation/Dissolution tests or possibly the Water Accommodated Fractions/loading concept.” The report therefore aims to describe the transformation/dissolution behavior through an experimental design that follows the recommendations of the OECD guidance document on transformation/dissolution (T/D) (OECD 2001)2 and the standard operating procedures (SOP) proposed by CANMET and LISEC for the Transformation / Dissolution protocol to the ad hoc OECD Validation Management Group (VMG)3. The developed procedures, called SOP, provide a detailed methodology for T/D that includes instrumentation requirements, reagents quality, procedures for the 7-day and 28-days full test, chemical analyses and a quality assurance program (QA/QC standards). The experimental procedure followed by CIMM can be found in annex II.
The results of T/D tests can be compared with the eco-toxicity reference values to establish the aquatic hazard classification of the tested substance. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- other quality assurance
- Type of study / information:
- In accordance to CLP guidance - chapter IV. The metal concentrations released during the transformation/dissolution test are compared to the EC50s of the soluble metal ions. Toxicity is derived through the application of mixture toxicity rules, assuming additivity
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lead alloy, base, Pb,Sn, dross
- EC Number:
- 273-701-4
- EC Name:
- Lead alloy, base, Pb,Sn, dross
- Cas Number:
- 69011-60-5
- Molecular formula:
- Molecular weight/formula concept not applicable to Inorganic UVCB (complex metal containing substance)
- IUPAC Name:
- Lead alloy, base, Pb,Sn, dross
- Test material form:
- other: The test item received, fulfilled the <1 mm size condition. Therefore, no need for further preparation of the test item at the Test Facility was needed.
- Details on test material:
- The test item as received was representative of the material as it is, or will be, placed on the
market. Further preparation was not required for the test item to be suitable for use in this study
(e.g. milling, sieving, epoxy embedding…).
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
The temperature of the test solutions fluctuated between 21.1 and 24.0°C which was in line with the test conditions of 20 – 23°C. The pH measured in the blank and test item vessels at pH 6 varied from 5.98 to 6.05. All measured data were within the specifications of 6 ± 0.2. The dissolved oxygen concentration measured in the blank and test item vessels at pH 6 varied from 8.27 to 8.51 mg O2/L. These values are higher than the target value of ± 6 mg O2/L at 22°C which means more than 70% of the saturation concentration was in contact with the air (± 8.5 mg O2/L). The raw data of the total organic carbon content (TOC) and of the metal (Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) concentrations dissolved in the test medium, measured at the Test Site WLN with the TOC analyser and the ICP–MS respectively, are presented in Annex 6. The total organic carbon content (TOC) of the modified ISO 6341 aqueous media was <1 mg/LC for the medium at pH 6. This result was within the OECD requirement of <2 mg/L C
(Annex 6).
The test medium at the start of the test and the blank control vessels during the test showed no
significant concentrations of silver, arsenic, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, antimony and zinc
(Annex 2a to 2h). Since arsenic, cadmium and nickel showed no concentrations above their
reporting limits, these elements were only measured in the test medium at the start of the test
and the blank control and test vessels at the 28 days endpoint in order to check the outcome of
the screening test for these elements.
The following observations could be made in the test vessels with a loading of 1 mg/L Lead
alloy, base, Sn, Pb dross:
• no significant concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, antimony and
zinc were measured.
• Small amounts of silver were measured on day 21 and the 28 days endpoint:
0.05 ± 0.2 μg Ag/L at the 28 day endpoint was measured with a between-vessel
variation of 38%. The coefficient of variation for silver exceeded the 20% quality
criterion at the 28 day sampling point.
• Higher dissolved concentrations were found for copper and lead:
o For copper an average dissolved concentration of 9.4 ± 0.4 μg Cu/L at the 7 day sampling point and 17.8 ± 0.8 μg Cu/L at the 28 day endpoint was measured with a between-vessel variation of respectively 4% and 5%.
o For lead an average dissolved concentration of 11.3 ± 0.9 μg Pb/L at the 7 day sampling point and 45.3 ± 4.7 μg Pb/L at the 28 day endpoint with between-vessel variations of respectively 8% and 10%.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Good quality study and data are critical to the assessment of the environmental hazards of the intermediate. The aim of this project is to carry out the standard chronic Transformation / Dissolution test (T/D) at 1 mg/L loading and pH 6, to evaluate the release of metals from lead intermediate sample. The results will be used for the environmental hazard classification of the material.
- Executive summary:
Table with summarized results of the measured metal concentration at the 7 and 28 days endpoints - transformation/dissolution of Lead alloy, base, Sn, Pb dross @ 100 rpm at pH 6: 1 mg/L Lead alloy, base, Sn, Pb dross @ pH 6
7-d endpoints 28-d endpoints
Analyte X ± σ μg Me/L CV (%) X ± σ μg Me/L CV (%)
Silver (Ag) <0.02 - 0.05 ± 0.02 38
Arsenic (As) <1 - <1 -
Cadmium (Cd) <0.1 - <0.1 -
Copper (Cu) 9.4 ± 0.4 4 17.8 ± 0.8 5
Nickel (Ni) <1 - <1 -
Lead (Pb) 11.3 ± 0.9 8 45.3 ± 4.7 10
Antimony (Sb) <1 - <1 -
Zinc (Zn) <4 - <4 -
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