Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
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EC number: 266-047-6 | CAS number: 65997-18-4 Frit is a mixture of inorganic chemical substances produced by rapidly quenching a molten, complex combination of materials, confining the chemical substances thus manufactured as nonmigratory components of glassy solid flakes or granules. This category includes all of the chemical substances specified below when they are intentionally manufactured in the production of frit. The primary members of this category are oxides of some or all of the elements listed below. Fluorides of these elements may also be included in combination with these primary substances.@Aluminum@Manganese@Antimony@Molybdenum@Arsenic@Neodymium@Barium@Nickel@Bismuth@Niobium@Boron@Phosphorus@Cadmium@Potassium@Calcium@Silicon@Cerium@Silver@Chromium@Sodium@Cobalt@Strontium@Copper@Tin@Gold@Titanium@Iron@Tungsten@Lanthanum@Vanadium@Lead@Zinc@Lithium@Zirconium@Magnesium
Other distribution data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- other distribution data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non GLP, near guideline study, published in peer reviewed literature, with minor restrictions in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 983
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: AOAC standard method
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- temperature
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The AOAC standard method for measuring Pb and Cd from earthenware and ceramicware glazes (room temperature) in 4 % acetic acid was modified. Modifications included contact times, acid concentration and leaching temperature. The leachate was assayed by atomic absorption spectophotometry for Pb and Cd.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- other: Leaching in 4% acetic acid
- Media:
- other: 4% acetic acid
Test material
- Details on test material:
- Glazed ceramic ware and enameled ware.
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- A hot leach method published by the World Health Organisation for determining Pb and Cd in ceramicware was studied in 14 laboratories. The method consisted of boiling a solution of 4% acetic acid for 2 hours in 6 samples of ceramic ware and 6 samples of enameled ware. The acid was allowed to cool and contact remained for a further 22 h. The leachates were assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Pb and Cd.
Results showed that varying the concentration between 2 - 4% acetic acid had no effect on leaching. The 22 h room temperature contact period did not increase leaching of Pb or Cd from the test items. The amounts of Pb and Cd measured after 2 hours in the different laboratories was similar. Temperature did affect leaching ability. Maximum concentrations were observed in test vessels heated to near boiling boint. As a direct result of this study, a modified method with analysis immediately after the 2 h heating period, has been adopted interim official first action by AOAC. - Executive summary:
A hot leach method published by the World Health Organisation for determining Pb and Cd in ceramicware was studied in several laboratories (Gould et al, 1983). The method consisted of boiling a solution of 4% acetic acid for 2 hours in 6 samples of ceramic ware and 6 samples of enameled ware. The acid was allowed to cool and contact remained for a further 22 h. The leachates were assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Pb and Cd.
Results showed that varying the concentration between 2 - 6% acetic acid had no effect on leaching. The 22 h room temperature contact period did not increase leaching of Pb or Cd from the test items. The amounts of Pb and Cd measured after 2 hours in the different laboratories was similar. Temperature did affect leaching ability. Maximum concentrations were observed in test vessels heated to near boiling boint. As a direct result of this study, a modified method with analysis immediately after the 2 h heating period, has been adopted as an interim official first action by the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC). This study is considered reliable (2) as it is a non-GLP, near guideline study, published in peer reviewed literature, with minor restrictions in design and/or reporting but it is otherwise adequate for assessment.
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