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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 265-089-2 | CAS number: 64741-87-3 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by subjecting a petroleum naphtha to a sweetening process to convert mercaptans or to remove acidic impurities. It consists of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C4 through C12 and boiling in the range of approximately minus 10°C to 230°C (14°F to 446°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09/1976 to 03/1977
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented study report similar or equivalent to OECD TG 476: pre-GLP.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 977
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: API procedure (see Reference). Similar to OECD test guideline 476.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 86290-81-5
- Cas Number:
- 86290-81-5
- IUPAC Name:
- 86290-81-5
- Reference substance name:
- PS-6
- IUPAC Name:
- PS-6
- Reference substance name:
- unleaded gasoline
- IUPAC Name:
- unleaded gasoline
- Test material form:
- other: low viscosity liquid hydrocarbon
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Method
- Target gene:
- Thymidine kinase
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: Forward mutation assay using cell line L5178Y
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S-9 metabolic fraction from Aroclor 1254-induced Sprague-Dawley rats
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0.065 to 1.004 microliters/ml
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Acetone
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Liver homogenate only
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Without activation: ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS). With activation: dimethylnitrosamine (DMN).
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- DURATION
- Exposure duration: Five hours
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): Three days
- Selection medium: Selection medium was made from Fischer's medium supplemented with 20% horse serum, sodium pyruvate, 0.37% agar, and 5% (w/v) of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR).
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): Ten days
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Toxicity was measured as loss in growth potential of the cells induced by a five-hour exposure to the chemical followed by a 24-hour expression period in growth medium.
- Evaluation criteria:
- A compound is considered mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma assay if:
a. A dose response relationship is observed over three of the four dose levels employed.
b. The minimum increase at the high level of the dose response curve is at least 2.5 times greater than the solvent control value.
c. The solvent control data are within the normal range of the spontaneous background for the TK locus.
A mutation index was derived by dividing the number of clones formed in the BUdR-containing selection medium by the number found in the same medium without BUdR. The ratio was then compared to that obtained from other dose levels and from positive and negative controls. Colonies were counted on an electronic colony counter that resolves all colonies greater than 200 microns in diameter. - Statistics:
- None specified.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Remarks:
- Without activation: unambiguously negative. With activation: the number of mutants was increased at the 0.52 microliters/ml dose, but appeared to result from a slight decrease in the number of viable colonies.
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: Little toxicity was observed.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'. Remarks: mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
Any other information on results incl. tables
With activation, there was no trend indicating a dose-related response, and therefore, the increase in number of mutations was not thought to be compound related.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
The in vitro forward mutation assay in mammalian cells to assess the genotoxicity of unleaded gasoline was negative. This finding does not warrant the classification of unleaded gasoline as a genotoxin under Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling, and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under the Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations. - Executive summary:
API PS-6 (unleaded gasoline) was examined for its potential to induce mutations in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line, in both the presence and absence of an S9 metabolic activation system. The doses were: 0.065, 0.13, 0.26, 0.52, and 1.04 microliters/ml. API PS-6 did not induce a statistically significant increase in the number of mutant colonies at any of the doses with or without metabolic activation; little cytotoxicity was observed. Both the positive and negative controls responded appropriately. Under the conditions of this study, API PS-6 was not mutagenic. This finding does not warrant classification of unleaded gasoline as a genotoxin under Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling, and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under the Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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