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EC number: 226-789-3 | CAS number: 5468-75-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-09-14 to 2009-10-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 225: Sediment-Water Lumbriculus Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment (October 2007)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- According to German Chemikaliengesetz and Directive 88/320/EEC
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Details of spiking: The respective test item concentration was weighed out and dissolved in 2.5 mL acetone per replicate. Subsequently, the solution was thoroughly mixed with 10 g quartz sand per replicate in a glass vessel. After complete evaporation of the solvent, the dry quartz sand was given to the sediment. Subsequently, the sediment was mixed thoroughly and filled into the test vessels
- Equilibration time: 2 days prior to insertion of test organisms
- Equilibration conditions: Same as test
- Controls: Controls with test sediment and quartz sand. Vehicle controls with test sediment and quartz sand treated with acetone.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): organic solvent, acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): 2.5 mL per replicate
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: Yes, complete evaporation
- Test organisms (species):
- Lumbriculus variegatus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller), Lumbriculidae, Oligochaeta
- Source: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
- Age of test organisms (mean and range, SD): Synchronized from cultured organisms 12 days before test insertion
- Breeding conditions: 20 +/- 2 °C, diffuse light (100 - 1000 lx, 16 h photoperiod) dissolved oxygen concentration > 60 % of the air saturation value
- Handling of worms: 12 days before insertion into the test, the worms were synchronized. Therefore, a sufficient amount of worms was taken from the breeding and cutted into half. After regeneration of heads, the worms were taken from the breeding and cutted into half. After regeneration of heads, the worms were inserted into the test.
- Age of animals at beginning of exposure: 12 days after synchronisation, completely regenerated head region. Synchronization was done to minimize uncontrolled regeneration and reproduction during the test.
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Powder of Urtica dioica (Heinrich Klein GmbH & Co KG, 97525 Schwebheim, Germany)
- Amount: 0.5 % Urtica powder
- Frequency: Urtica powder was mixed into the sediment once at test start.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 12 days (after synchronization)
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: Same as test
- Feeding frequency: Same as test (Once)
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality observed - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- yes
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Exposure phase:
- total exposure duration
- Hardness:
- Day Parameter Nominal test item concentration
[mg/kg sediment dry weight]
Control Solvent Control 1000
0
Total Hardness [mmol/L CaCO3] 2.87 2.92 2.94
28
Total Hardness [mmol/L CaCO3] 2.57 3.08 3.07 - Test temperature:
- Day Parameter Nominal test item concentration
[mg/kg sediment dry weight]
Control Solvent Control 1000
0Temperature [°C] 19.3 19.1 20.2
7Temperature [°C] 19.8 19.7 19.7
14Temperature [°C] 21.0 21.1 21.2
21Temperature [°C] 19.3 19.5 19.4
28Temperature [°C] 19.8 19.8 20.4
- pH:
- Day Parameter Nominal test item concentration
[mg/kg sediment dry weight]
Control Solvent Control 1000
0
pH 7.73 7.86 7.90
7
pH 8.31 8.31 8.25
14
pH 8.48 8.46 8.52
21
pH 8.39 8.41 8.42
28
pH 8.07 8.11 8.10
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Day Parameter Nominal test item concentration
[mg/kg sediment dry weight]
Control Solvent Control 1000
0
O2 [mg/L] 8.33 8.61 7.88
7
O2 [mg/L] 8.52 8.59 8.46
14
O2 [mg/L] 8.42 8.38 8.37
21
O2 [mg/L] 8.65 8.61 8.60
28
O2 [mg/L] 8.77 8.69 8.44
- Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater conditions
- Ammonia:
- Water Parameters (Ammonium-N)
Day Nominal test item concentration [mg/kg sediment dry weight]
Control Solvent Control 1000
Ammonium (NH4-N) in mg/L
0 0.292 0.227 0.278
2 1.66 1.55 1.46
5 1.72 1.54 0.951
7 1.54 0.854 0.374
9 0.768 0.552 0.386
12 1.52 0.904 1.19
14 1.77 1.33 1.39
16 2.52 1.83 1.95
19 3.30 2.44 2.32
21 6.55 6.41 3.00
23 3.82 3.49 2.96
26 3.71 3.98 3.32
28 3.60 3.63 4.06 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1000 mg test substance/kg sediment DW
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 250 mL glass beakers, 6 cm diameter
- Sediment volume: 45 g DW per vessel, ca. 2 cm from the ground
- Overlying water volume: 150 mL
- Depth of sediment and overlying water: Sediment depth ca. 2 cm, water depth ca. 10 cm
- Aeration: yes
- Aeration frequency and intensity: Gentle aeration (2 bubbles per second)
- Replacement of evaporated test water, if any: Yes, once weekly
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10 per container (60 per treatment)
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 6 replicates per treatment group
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 6 replicates per control/vehicle control
- Feeding regime: Once at test start
- Type and preparation of food: Powder of Urtica dioica mixed into the sediment before insertion of test organisms
- Amount of food: 0.5 %
OVERLYING WATER CHARACTERISTCS
- Type of water (e.g. deionized, ground water, sea water, Elendt medium acc. to OECD 219): Reconstituted water acc. to OECD 203
Parameters of the Test Medium at Test Start
Oxygen content [mg/L] pH-value Hardness [mmol/L]
Test Medium at test start 9.09 7.49 2.66
CHARACTERIZATION OF (ARTIFICIAL; delete if not applicable) SEDIMENT
- Composition (if artificial substrate): 5 % peat air dried and finely ground, 20 % kaolin, 75 % quartz sand, 0.33 % calcium carbonate
Sediment Properties at Test Start
Total Organic Carbon [%] pH-value Moisture [%]
Sediment at test start 1.5 6.94 0.81
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
Water temperature [°C] Photoperiod [h] Light intensity [lx]
Nominal 20 +/- 2 16 100 - 500
Actual 17.6 - 21.6* 333 ± 60.8
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Mortality and behaviour changes (Day 0-28), reproduction and biomass at test end (28 d)
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
1000 mg test substance/kg sediment DW
- Range finding study
- Not carried out
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Mortality, behaviour, biomass, reproduction
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of test animals at end of exposure period: No mortality
- Total mass of test animals at beginning of test: 10 worms were equal to 9.6 mg dry mass
- Changes in body weigth of live adults (% of initial weight) at end of exposure period:
The dry biomass of worms per replicate was not statistically significantly reduced at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight compared to the pooled control. For details please refer to the respective table.
- No. of offspring produced:
At test end, the total worm number, including adult and descendant worms, did not statistically significantly differ compared to the pooled control at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight. Also, the number of descendant worms and thus the reproduction did not statistically significantly differ to the pooled control at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight after 28 days of exposure. For details please refer to the respective table.
- Morphological abnormalities: None
- Behavioural abnormalities: None - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- t-tests were performed for NOEC calculations. Prior to running t-tests a Normality Test and an Equal Variance Test were done. P- values for both Normality and Equal Variance Test are 0.05. The alpha-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that is a difference) is alpha = 0.05.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study the test item caused no significant effects on mortality, behaviour and reproduction of L. variegatus at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight. Also, the worm biomass was not significantly reduced at the limit test item concentration compared to the control. Thus, the NOEC was determined to be at 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight.
All validity criteria recommended by the test guidelines were fulfilled. - Executive summary:
The effects of the test item on the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus in a water-sediment system were determined at Dr.U.Noack-Laboratorien,31157 Sarstedt , Germany , from September 14thto October 15th, 2009. The study was carried out according to OECD Guideline 225 (2007). Test duration was 28 days after insertion of the test organisms. A limit test with the test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight was performed by spiking the test item into the sediment. Six replicates per control, solvent control and limit test item concentration with ten worms per replicate were set up. Water quality parameters as temperature, pH-value, O2-content, ammonium and total hardness were determined.
After 28 days no mortality or behavioural changes of L. variegatus were observed at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight and the controls (Table 1).
Also, L. variegatus reproduced without any significant differences between the pooled control and the limit test item concentration (Table 1).
Accordingly, the worm biomass per replicate was not statistically significantly reduced at the limit test item concentration compared to the pooled control (Table 1).
Overall, the NOEC of the test item concerning mortality, reproduction and biomass is determined to be at 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight (Table 1).
All validity criteria recommended by the test guidelines were fulfilled.
Summary of all Significant Effects
Effects
Test item
Significance of effects
[mg/kg sediment dry weight]
Worm Mortality
> 1000
Worm Behaviour
> 1000
Worm Biomass
> 1000
Worm Reproduction
> 1000
NOEC
(Mortality, Behaviour, Biomass, Reproduction)
1000
Reference
No mortality of complete adult worms was observed in the controls as well as at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight after an exposure for 28 days.
At test end, the total worm number, including adult and descendant worms, did not statistically significantly differ compared to the pooled control at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight
Also, the number of descendant worms and thus the reproduction did not statistically significantly differ to the pooled control at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight after 28 days of exposure.
Mortality after 28 days of Exposure
Nominal test item concentration [mg/kg sediment dry weight] |
Total Number of Complete Worms |
|||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
MV ± SD |
% Mortality |
|
Control |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 ± 0 |
0 |
Solvent Control |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
||
1000 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 ± 0 |
0 |
Total Worm Number after 28 days of Exposure
Nominal test item concentration |
Total Number of Worms |
||||||||
[mg/kg sediment dry weight] |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
MV ± SD |
% Inhibition |
Significance* |
Control |
42 |
41 |
32 |
35 |
36 |
35 |
38.0 ± 3.19 |
-- |
|
Solvent Control |
42 |
38 |
40 |
40 |
36 |
39 |
|||
1000 |
37 |
41 |
37 |
31 |
38 |
40 |
37.3 ± 3.50 |
1.75 |
No |
Reproduction after 28 days of Exposure
Nominal test item concentration |
Number of descendant worms |
||||||||
[mg/kg sediment dry weight] |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
MV ± SD |
% Inhibition |
Significance* |
Control |
32 |
31 |
22 |
25 |
26 |
25 |
28.0 ± 3.19 |
-- |
|
Solvent Control |
32 |
28 |
30 |
30 |
26 |
29 |
|||
1000 |
27 |
31 |
27 |
21 |
28 |
30 |
27.3 ± 3.50 |
2.38 |
No |
MV= mean value; SD= standard deviation; *) Statistical significiance compared to pooled control (P< 0.05);
No difference in the worm behaviour was observed at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight compared to the pooled control during the entire study
Worm Behaviour during 28 Days of Exposure
Nominal test item concentration [mg/kg sediment dry weight] |
Effect |
Days after insertion (pooled replicates) |
||||||||||||
0 |
2 |
5 |
7 |
9 |
12 |
14 |
16 |
19 |
21 |
23 |
26 |
28 |
||
Control |
s) |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
f) |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Solvent Control |
s) |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
f) |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
1000 |
s) |
60 |
59 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
f) |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
a) |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
s) = worm burowing in sediment; f) = faeces on sediment surface; a) = worm on sediment surface;
-) = negative observation; +) = positive observation;
The dry biomass of worms per replicate was not statistically significantly reduced at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight compared to the pooled control.
Worm Dry Biomass after 28 Days of Exposure per Replicate
Nominal test item concentration [mg/kg sediment dry weight] |
Worm dry weight [mg] |
|||||||
Replicate |
Significance* |
|||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
MV ± SD |
||
Control |
24.6 |
28.9 |
24.1 |
35.9 |
36.4 |
36.8 |
34.8 ± 9.11 |
-- |
Solvent Control |
27.7 |
31.5 |
29.5 |
46.8 |
54.4 |
40.6 |
||
1000 |
32.6 |
26.7 |
28.4 |
30.2 |
33.9 |
48.4 |
33.4 ± 7.82 |
No |
MV= mean value; SD= standard deviation; *) Statistical significiance compared to pooled control (P< 0.05);
Description of key information
In this study the test item caused no significant effects on mortality, behaviour and reproduction of L. variegatus at the limit test item concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight. Also, the worm biomass was not significantly reduced at the limit test item concentration compared to the control. Thus, the NOEC was determined to be at 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight.
All validity criteria recommended by the test guidelines were fulfilled.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10, LC10 or NOEC for freshwater sediment:
- 1 000 mg/kg sediment dw
Additional information
For Pigments Yellow 12 and 83 of the Diarylide Yellow group long-term toxicity tests on sediment organisms were performed. Coherently with the grouping approach, no effects were observed at the limit concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight (neither mortality, nor reproduction or biomass and behaviour) for both group members.
Therefore, the NOEC equals the applied nominal concentration of 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight and the Diarylide Yellow Pigments are judged as chronically nontoxic to sediment organisms.
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