3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin Irritation:

The dermal irritation potential of 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 with logPow as the primary descriptor.

3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated to be not irritating to the skin of Vienna White rabbits.

Based on the estimated results, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid can be considered to be not irritating to skin and can be classified under the category “Not Classified” as per CLP regulation.

Eye Irritation:

The ocular irritation potential of 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 with logPow as the primary descriptor.

3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated to be irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

 Based on the estimated results, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid can be considered to be irritating to eyes and can be classified under the category “Category 2” as per CLP regulation.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

data is from OECD QSAR toolbox v3.4 and the QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: estimated data

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction was done using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.4

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material: 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid
- IUPAC name: 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
- Molecular formula: C10H9NO7S2
- Molecular weight: 319.3131 g/mole
- Smiles : c1c2cc(c(cc2c(cc1S(=O)(=O)O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O
- Inchl: 1S/C10H9NO7S2/c11-8-4-7-5(2-10(8)20(16,17)18)1-6(3-9(7)12)19(13,14)15/h1-4,12H,11H2,(H,13,14,15)(H,16,17,18)
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid (Light grey, to, Off-white) powder

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

Vienna White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

no data available

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Preparation of test site:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Controls:

not specified

Amount / concentration applied:

1 ml

Duration of treatment / exposure:

1 hour

Observation period:

12 days

Number of animals:

2

Details on study design:

no data available

Other effects / acceptance of results:

no data available

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 12 days

Reversibility:

not specified

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

Irritant / corrosive response data:

No irritation observed

Estimation method: Takes mode value from the 6 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

(((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" )  and ("e" and ( not "f") )  )  and "g" )  and ("h" and ( not "i") )  )  and ("j" and ( not "k") )  )  and ("l" and ( not "m") )  )  and "n" )  and ("o" and "p" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Anilines (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non-covalent interaction AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines AND Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Strong binder, NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Anilines by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules by DPRA Cysteine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as High reactive OR High reactive >> Activated haloarenes OR Low reactive OR Low reactive >> N-substituted aromatic amides OR Moderate reactive OR Moderate reactive >> Activated 1,3,5-triazine derivatives by DPRA Cysteine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Strong binder, NH2 group AND Strong binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Anilines by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) carboxamide group OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) carboxamide group >> Carboxylic Acid Amides OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) ester group OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) ester group >> Arenecarboxylic Acid Esters OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) sulfonamide group OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) sulfonamide group >> Arenesulfonamides OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Carboxylic Acid Amides OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis >> Activated aryl esters  OR AN2 >> Michael addition to activated double bonds OR AN2 >> Michael addition to activated double bonds >> alpha,beta-Unsaturated Carbonyls and Related Compounds OR AN2 >> Michael addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and esters OR AN2 >> Michael addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and esters >> alpha,beta-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Esters OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Carboxylic Acid Amides OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Hydroxylated Phenols OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> N-Substituted Aromatic Amines OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Phenols OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition at polarized N-functional double bond OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition at polarized N-functional double bond >> Arenesulfonamides OR No alert found OR Nucleophilic addition OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds >> Ketones OR Schiff base formation OR Schiff base formation >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl compounds OR Schiff base formation >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl compounds >> Aromatic carbonyl compounds OR SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by in vitro mutagenicity (Ames test) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic halogens OR Anthrones OR Nitro-aromatic OR Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons OR Primary aromatic amine,hydroxyl amine and its derived esters OR Quinones by in vitro mutagenicity (Ames test) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by in vivo mutagenicity (Micronucleus) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as H-acceptor-path3-H-acceptor by in vivo mutagenicity (Micronucleus) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Similarity boundary:Target: Nc1cc2c(cc1S(O)(=O)=O)cc(S(O)(=O)=O)cc2O
Threshold=30%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -3.99

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= -0.787

Interpretation of results:

other: not irritating

Conclusions:

3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated to be not irritating to the skin of Vienna White rabbits.

Executive summary:

The dermal irritation potential of 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 with logPow as the primary descriptor.

3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated to be not irritating to the skin of Vienna White rabbits.

Based on the estimated results, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid can be considered to be not irritating to skin and can be classified under the category “Not Classified” as per CLP regulation.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

data is from OECD QSAR toolbox v3.4 and the QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Estimated data

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction was done using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.4

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material: 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid
- IUPAC name: 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
- Molecular formula: C10H9NO7S2
- Molecular weight: 319.3131 g/mole
- Smiles : c1c2cc(c(cc2c(cc1S(=O)(=O)O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O
- Inchl: 1S/C10H9NO7S2/c11-8-4-7-5(2-10(8)20(16,17)18)1-6(3-9(7)12)19(13,14)15/h1-4,12H,11H2,(H,13,14,15)(H,16,17,18)
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid (Light grey, to, Off-white) powder

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

not specified

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

no data available

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

not specified

Amount / concentration applied:

100 mg

Duration of treatment / exposure:

24 hours

Observation period (in vivo):

24 hours

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

no data available

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

no data available

Details on study design:

no data available

Other effects / acceptance of results:

no data available

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24 h

Reversibility:

not specified

Remarks on result:

probability of moderate irritation

Irritant / corrosive response data:

Moderate irritation was observed

Estimation method: Takes mode value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

(((((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" )  and ("e" and ( not "f") )  )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and ("i" and ( not "j") )  )  and ("k" and ( not "l") )  )  and ("m" and ( not "n") )  )  and "o" )  and "p" )  and "q" )  and ("r" and "s" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Anilines (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non-covalent interaction AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines AND Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Strong binder, NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Anilines by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules by DPRA Cysteine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as High reactive OR High reactive >> Activated haloarenes OR Low reactive OR Low reactive >> N-substituted aromatic amides OR Low reactive >> Sulfanilic acid derivatives OR Moderate reactive OR Moderate reactive >> Activated 1,3,5-triazine derivatives by DPRA Cysteine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct Addition of an Acyl Halide OR Acylation >> Direct Addition of an Acyl Halide >> Alkyl carbamyl halides OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Alkyl phenols OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Hydroquinones OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated ketones OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Secondary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary aromatic amine by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution >> Activated halo-benzenes by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules (GSH) by Protein binding potency

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Moderately reactive (GSH) OR Moderately reactive (GSH) >> Alkyl 2-alkenoates (MA) by Protein binding potency

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by rtER Expert System ver.1 - USEPA

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkylcyclohexanols OR Alkylphenols OR Salicylates by rtER Expert System ver.1 - USEPA

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Similarity boundary:Target: Nc1cc2c(cc1S(O)(=O)=O)cc(S(O)(=O)=O)cc2O
Threshold=20%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Similarity boundary:Target: Nc1cc2c(cc1S(O)(=O)=O)cc(S(O)(=O)=O)cc2O
Threshold=30%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Similarity boundary:Target: Nc1cc2c(cc1S(O)(=O)=O)cc(S(O)(=O)=O)cc2O
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "r"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -3.03

Domain logical expression index: "s"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= -1.42

Interpretation of results:

Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated to be irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

Executive summary:

The ocular irritation potential of 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 with logPow as the primary descriptor.

3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was estimated to be irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

 Based on the estimated results, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid can be considered to be irritating to eyes and can be classified under the category “Category 2” as per CLP regulation.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Skin Irritation:

In different studies, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid has been investigated for potential for dermal irritation to a greater or lesser extent. The studies are based on in vivo experiments in rabbits along with predicted data for target chemical and its structurally and functionally similar read across substances, 3-acetamido-5-amino-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonic acid [CAS: 40306-75-0], 7-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid [CAS: 87-02-5] and 6-Amino-4-hydroxy-2 -naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid [CAS: 90-51-7]. The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental data.

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the skin irritation potential was estimated for 3-amino-5 -hydroxynaphthalene-2,7 -disulphonic acid. 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was not irritating to the skin of Vienna White rabbits.

Skin irritation effects were also estimated by four different models i.e, Battery, Leadscope, SciQSAR and CASE Ultra used within Danish QSAR database for 3-amino-5 -hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid . Based on estimation, no severe skin irritation effects were known when 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was exposed to rabbit skin. Hence, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid can be considered not irritating to skin.

Both the estimated results are in agreement with each other, suggesting that 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid is not irritating to skin.

The above studies are further supported by the experimental study conducted in SSS sponsored lab(Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB has letter of access, 2012), for the structurally and functionally similar read across substance, 3-acetamido-5-amino-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonic acid [CAS: 40306-75-0].The study was performed according to OECD 404. The animals were prepared 24 hrs prior to application of test product. The furs from the dorsal area of trunk of animals were removed with electric clippers exposing an area measuring approximately 6 cm2 of body surface area of animal. The care was taken such that abrasion penetrated the Stratum corneum only and not dermis. The Primary Dermal Irritation Index(PDII) after 14 days was 0.5.

The result obtained from present study reveals that the test compound 3-acetamido-5-amino-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonic acid was not irritating to skin of the New Zealand white rabbits when applied to the shaven back intact skin.

These studies are also supported by the experimental study summarized in Chemosphere. Vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 2203.2236, 1994, for the structurally and functionally similar read across substance, 7-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid [CAS: 87-02-5]. 500 mg 7-amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (I acid) was applied to the inner surface of the ears of 2 rabbits. 7-amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (I acid) was applied under an adhesive dressing for 24 hours to the skin of male and Female New Zealand white rabbits. At the end of the exposure period, the test substance was washed off with water and soap/vegetable oil. The observation period was 7 days. No signs of irritation were observed after 7 days.

Hence, 7-amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid can be considered not irritating to rabbit skin.

These studies are also supported by the experimental study summarized in Chemosphere. Vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 2203.2236, 1994, for the structurally and functionally similar read across substance, 6 -Amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid [CAS: 90-51-7]. 500 mg 6-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid was applied to the inner surface of the ears of 2 rabbits. 6-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid was applied under an adhesive dressing for 24 hours to the skin of male and Female New Zealand white rabbits. At the end of the exposure period, the test substance was washed off with water and soap/vegetable oil. The observation period was 7 days. No skin irritation was observed after 7 days.

Hence, 6-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid can be considered not-irritating to rabbit skin.

Based on the available data for the target and read across substances and applying the weight of evidence approach, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid can be considered to be not irritating to skin. Comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, it can be classified under the category “Not Classified”.

Eye Irritation:

In different studies, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid has been investigated for potential for ocular irritation to a greater or lesser extent. The studies are based on in vivo experiments in rabbits along with predicted data for target chemical and its structurally and functionally similar read across substances, 2 -aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid [CAS:117-62-4], 7-Amino-1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid[CAS: 118-03-6] and 6-aminonaphthalene-1, 3-disulfonic acid[CAS: 118-33-2]. The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental data.

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the eye irritation potential was estimated for3-amino-5 -hydroxynaphthalene-2,7 -disulphonic acid. 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid was severely irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

This result is supported by the experimental study summarized in SAX's Dangerous properties of industrial material, 12th edition, 2012; for the structurally and functionally similar read across substance, 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid [CAS:117-62-4]. 20 mg of 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid was instilled into the eyes of rabbits. The rabbits were observed for signs of ocular lesions till 24 hours. 20 mg of 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid caused moderate irritation to the rabbit eyes after 24 hours.

Hence, 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid can be considered moderately irritating rabbit eyes.

These results are also supported by the experimental study summarized in SAX's Dangerous properties of industrial material, 12th edition, 2012; for the structurally and functionally similar read across substance, 7-Amino-1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid[CAS: 118-03-6]. 500 mg of 7-Amino-1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid was instilled into rabbit eyes and observed for signs of irritation till 24 hours.

7-Amino-1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid was mildly irritating to rabbit eyes after 24 hours of exposure.

Hence, 7-Amino-1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid can be considered to be an eye irritant.

The above results are further supported by the experimental study summarized in Chemosphere. Vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 2203.2236, 1994; for the structurally and functionally similar read across substance, 6-aminonaphthalene-1, 3-disulfonic acid [CAS: 118-33-2]. 750 µg of 6-amino-1,3- Naphthalene disulfonic acid was instilled into rabbit eyes and observed for signs of irritation till 24 hours. 6-amino-1,3- Naphthalene disulfonic acid was severely irritating to rabbit eyes after 24 hours of exposure.

Hence, 6-amino-1,3- Naphthalene disulfonic acid can be considered to be an eye irritant.

Based on the available data for the target and read across substances and applying the weight of evidence approach, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid can be considered to be irritating to eyes. Comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, it can be classified under the category “Category 2”.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Available studies for 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid indicate that it is not likely to any cause irritation to skin, but it causes eye irritation.

Hence, 3-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid can be classified under the category “Not Classified” for skin and “Category 2” for eyes as per CLP.