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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
August 22, 2018 - October 19, 2018
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
Version / remarks:
adopted on March 23, 2006; Annex 5 corrected: July 28, 2011
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
Version / remarks:
Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/266 of 7 December 2015 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
PREPARATION OF THE TEST MATERIAL
A stock preparation with a test item concentration of 100 mg/L was freshly prepared. For that purpose, the test item was weighed in a calibrated flask and vehicle was added. The preparation was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 24 hours. Then the formulation was passed through a filter membrane (pore size: 0.2 µm). The filtrate was used for the study. The pH value was not adjusted.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Remarks:
The test item concentration in the reconstituted water was not quantified at the start and the end of this study. Because of the low water solubility (0.00306 mg/L) the compound cannot be detected with standard analytical methods.
Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: 0, 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Sampling method: undiluted
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: no, amalysis performed directly after preparation (0 hour)
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
Vehicle:

Nutrient (mg/L)
NH4Cl 15.0
MgCl2 * 6H2O 12.0
CaCl2 * 2H2O 18.0
MgSO4 * 7H2O 15.0
KH2PO4 1.60

FeCl3 * 6H2O 0.0640
Na2EDTA * 2H2O 0.100

H3BO3 0.185
MnCl2 * 4H2O 0.415
ZnCl2 0.00300
CoCl2 * 6H2O 0.00150
CuCl2 * 2H2O 0.00001
Na2MoO4 * 2H2O 0.00700

NaHCO3 50.0

- pH: 7.81
- Total hardness: 24 mg/L as CaCO3 (calculated)

Preparation of the Test Item:
The test medium (reconstituted water and test item) was freshly prepared.
Therefore, the calibrated flask with test medium was treated in an ultrasonic device for 1 hour. Subsequently, the preparation was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for further 23 hours. Afterwards, the formulation was passed through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.2 µm. The filtrate was used for the study.

Test organisms (species):
Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Unicellular green algae
- Strain: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, strain 61.81 SAG was obtained from „Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen“, Germany.
- Method of cultivation:The permanent algae cultures, the pre-culture and the algae cultures of the study were cultivated in an air-conditioned room with a water temperature of 21 – 24 °C, controlled at
± 2°C. For cultivation, 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 100 mL algae suspension were covered with air permeable stoppers (Heinz Herenz Medizinalbedarf GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). The cultures were shaken continuously at about 120 rpm (Universalschüttler SM25, Edmund Bühler GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) and lit between 6885 and 6880 Lux. Fluorescent tubes (Lumilux T5 nws FLH1 HO 80W/840, Osram GmbH, München, Germany) installed above the flasks served for lighting.



ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 72h
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
yes
Total exposure duration:
72 h
Post exposure observation period:
-
Hardness:
24 mg/L as CaCO3 (calculated)
Test temperature:
20.1 to 21.8°C
pH:
7.87 - 8.30
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations: 100.0 mg/L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 300 mL Erlenmeyer glas flasks filled with 100 mL cell suspension
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10 000 cells per ml
- Control end cells density: 54.6606 cells per ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water according to OECD TG 201
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Light intensity and quality: The mean light intensities were 6885 Lux ± 3.7% and 6880 Lux ± 5.3% prior to and at the end of the exposure period, respectively.


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Nominal test concentration: 100 mg/L
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Remarks:
The accuracy and reliability of the test method is demonstrated periodically as recommended by OECD Guideline No. 201 and the Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009. Therefore, potassium dichromate (Art. 104864) was tested as positive control.
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: > 0.0006 mg/L (LOD)
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC20
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: > 0.0006 mg/L (LOD)
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: > 0.0006 mg/L (LOD)
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Yield
Remarks on result:
other: > 0.0006 mg/L (LOD)
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC20
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Yield
Remarks on result:
other: > 0.0006 mg/L (LOD)
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Yield
Remarks on result:
other: > 0.0006 mg/L (LOD)
Details on results:
No significant effect on growth of the algae was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, i.e. up to the maximum water solubility.

The EC values exceeded the water solubility of 0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.

- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
Results with reference substance (positive control):
The accuracy and reliability of the test method is demonstrated periodically as recommended by OECD Guideline No. 201 and the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/266. Therefore, potassium dichromate was tested as positive control.

Study design:
The study comprised of one control group with six replicates and five test item groups with three replicates each. The test item concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/L were dissolved in 100 mL reconstituted water. The initial algae cell density in each replicate was 10 000 cells per mL. The growth of the algae was determined over an exposure period of 72 hours and compared with the growth of the control group.

Results:
The test item Art. 104864 (Potassium dichromate) showed 72h EC50 of 0.86 mg/L for growth rate and 0.48 mg/L for yield. The EC50 for growth rate and yield obtained in this study are in the range of ± two standard deviation of the current historical means.

Therefore, this study confirms the sensitivity and reliability of the test system used in the test facility.


For the test item the following EC values were determined:


 

























 Parameter (0 -72h)Growth Rate  Yield

EC10 [mg/L]


95% confidence interval



>0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)


n.d.

>0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)


n.d.

EC20 [mg/L]


95% confidence interval



>0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)


n.d.

>0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)


n.d.

EC50 [mg/L]


95% confidence interval



>0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)


n.d.

>0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)


n.d.

 


 

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxicity to algae.
The 72h EC50 and EC10 for growth rate were >0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.


Executive summary:

Objective


The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the test item on growth rate and yield of the unicellular green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.


 


Study Design


The study comprised of one control group and one test item group with six replicates each. A nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared in reconstituted water. The initial algae cell density in each replicate was 10 000 cells per mL. The growth of the algae was determined over an exposure period of 72 hours and compared with the growth of the control group.


Samples of the test and control media were taken directly after preparation and the test item concentration was analyzed via HPLC with UV detection.


 


Results


The test item concentration directly after preparation (0 hours) was <LOD (LOD: 0.0006 mg/L) in the control medium and in the algae test medium at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L and, thus, could not be determined. Therefore, no further analysis of the test item concentrations was performed during the study.


No significant effect on growth rate and yield of the algae was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, i.e. up to the maximum water solubility.


Conclusion


Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxicity to algae.The 72h EC50 and EC10 for growth rate were >0.0006 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.


 

Description of key information

No significant effect on growth rate of the algae was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, i.e. up to the maximum water solubility.

OECD 201: EC50 (72 h) > 100 mg/L (nominal), EC50 (72 h) > 0.0006 mg/L (LOD)

EC10 (72 h) > 100 mg/L (nominal), EC10 (72 h) > 0.0006 mg/L (LOD)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information