Propanol, oxybis-, polymer with 1,1'-methylenebis[4-isocyanatobenzene]

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP Guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2009

Report date:

2009

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, oligomeric reaction products with 2,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and oxydipropanol

EC Number:

500-270-4

EC Name:

4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, oligomeric reaction products with 2,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and oxydipropanol

Molecular formula:

C14 H10 N O [C21 H24 N2 O5 ]n N C Onmean = 1, 2, 3...

IUPAC Name:

Oligomeric reaction product of 1,1'-methylenebis(4-isocyanatobenzene) and oxybispropanol

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

propane-1,2-diol polymer with 1-isocyanato-4-[(4- isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene and 1-isocyanato-2-[(4- isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene

IUPAC Name:

propane-1,2-diol polymer with 1-isocyanato-4-[(4- isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene and 1-isocyanato-2-[(4- isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene

Method

Target gene:

Each S. typhimurium tester strain contains, in addition to a mutation in the histidine operon, additional mutations that enhance sensitivity to some mutagens. The rfa mutation results in a cell wall deficiency that increases the permeability of the cell to certain classes of chemicals such as those containing large ring systems that would otherwise be excluded. The deletion in the uvrB gene results in a deficient DNA excision repair system. Tester strains TA98 and TA100 also contain the pKM101 plasmid (carrying the R factor). It has been suggested that the plasmid increases sensitivity to mutagens by modifying an existing bacterial DNA repair polymerase complex involved with the mismatch repair process.

TA98 and TA1537 are reverted from histidine dependence (auxotrophy) to histidine independence (prototrophy) by frameshift mutagens. TA100 is reverted by both frameshift and base substitution mutagens and TA1535 is reverted only by mutagens that cause base substitutions.

The E. coli tester strain has an AT base pair at the critical mutation site within the trpE gene (Wilcox et al., 1990). Tester strain WP2 uvrA has a deletion in the uvrA gene resulting in a deficient DNA excision repair system. Tryptophan revertants can arise due to a base change at the originally mutated site or by a base change elsewhere in the chromosome causing the original mutation to be suppressed. Thus, the specificity of the reversion mechanism is sensitive to base pair substitution mutations (Green and Muriel, 1976).

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Cytokinesis block (if used):

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

induced rat liver S9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

The dose levels tested were 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg per plate

Vehicle / solvent:

Anhydrous ethylene glycol dimethylether (EGDE) was selected as the solvent of choice based on the request of the Sponsor, solubility of the test article and compatibility with the target cells. The test article formed a soluble and clear solution in EGDE at 500 mg/mL, the maximum concentration tested.

The vehicle used to deliver the test item to the test system was anhydrous ethylene glycol dimethylether (EGDE, CAS No. 110-71-4, Lot No. 79097MJ, Exp. Date: March 2012), obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Test article dilutions were prepared immediately before use and delivered to the test system at room temperature under yellow light.

There is adequate evidence to demonstrate that use of EDGE as solvent is appropriate whereas DMSO can give rise to false positives due to solvent-catalysed conversion to MDA. The latter solvent should not be used for MDI in these assays.

(Herbold, B. et al. 1998. Studies on the effect of the solvents dimethylsulfoxide and ethyleneglycoldimethylether on the mutagenicity of four types of diisocyanates in the Salmonella/microsome test. Mutation Research. 412:167-175.)

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Anhydrous ethylene glycol dimethylether (EGDE) was selected as the solvent

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

The tester strains used were the Salmonella typhimurium histidine auxotrophs TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 as described by Ames et al. (1975) and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA as described by Green and Muriel (1976). Salmonella tester strains were received from Dr. Bruce Ames’ designated distributor, Discovery Partners International, San Diego, California. E. coli tester strains were received from the National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria, Aberdeen, Scotland.

Tester strains TA98 and TA1537 are reverted from histidine dependence (auxotrophy) to histidine independence (prototrophy) by frameshift mutagens. Tester strain TA1535 is reverted by mutagens that cause basepair substitutions. Tester strain TA100 is reverted by mutagens that cause both frameshift and basepair substitution mutations. Specificity of the reversion mechanism in E. coli is sensitive to basepair substitution mutations, rather than frameshift mutations (Green and Muriel, 1976).

Overnight cultures were prepared by inoculating from the appropriate master plate, appropriate frozen permanent stock or with a lyophilized pellet into a vessel containing ~50 mL of culture medium. To assure that cultures were harvested in late log phase, the length of incubation was controlled and monitored. Following inoculation, each flask was placed in a resting shaker/incubator at room temperature. The shaker/incubator was programmed to begin shaking at approximately 125 rpm at 37±2C approximately 12 hours before the anticipated time of harvest. Each culture was monitored spectrophotometrically for turbidity and was harvested at a percent transmittance yielding a titer of greater than or equal to 0.3x109 cells per milliliter. The actual titers were determined by viable count assays on nutrient agar plates.

Metabolic Activation System
Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9 was used as the metabolic activation system. The S9 was prepared from male Sprague-Dawley rats induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of Aroclor 1254, 500 mg/kg, five days prior to sacrifice. The lots of S9 were prepared by and purchased from MolTox (Boone, NC). Upon arrival at BioReliance, the S9 was stored at 60°C or colder until used. Each bulk preparation of S9 was assayed for its ability to metabolize at least two promutagens to forms mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA100.

The S9 mix was prepared immediately before its use and contained 10% S9, 5 mM glucose 6 phosphate, 4 mM ß nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, 8 mM MgCl2 and 33 mM KCl in a 100 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. The Sham S9 mixture (Sham mix), containing 100 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, was prepared immediately before its use. To confirm the sterility of the S9 and Sham mixes, a 0.5 mL aliquot of each was plated on selective agar.

Evaluation criteria:

For each replicate plating, the mean and standard deviation of the number of revertants per plate were calculated and are reported.
For the test article to be evaluated positive, it must cause a dose-related increase in the mean revertants per plate of at least one tester strain over a minimum of two increasing concentrations of test article.

Data sets for tester strains TA1535 and TA1537 were judged positive if the increase in mean revertants at the peak of the dose response was equal to or greater than 3.0-times the mean vehicle control value. Data sets for tester strains TA98, TA100 and WP2 uvrA were judged positive if the increase in mean revertants at the peak of the dose response was equal to or greater than 2.0-times the mean vehicle control value.

An equivocal response is a biologically relevant increase in a revertant count that partially meets the criteria for evaluation as positive. This could be a dose-responsive increase that does not achieve the respective threshold cited above or a non-dose responsive increase that is equal to or greater than the respective threshold cited. A response will be evaluated as negative, if it is neither positive nor equivocal.

Statistics:

For each replicate plating, the mean and standard deviation of the number of revertants per plate were calculated and are reported.
The primary computer or electronic systems used for the collection of data or analysis included but were not limited to the following:
Minicount Colony Counter (Imaging Products International), LIMS Labware Version 5 (BioReliance), Excel 2003 (Microsoft Corporation) and Kaye Lab Watch Monitoring System (Kaye GE).

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

other: TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and WP2 uvrA

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

In the confirmatory assay toxicity was observed beginning at 500 or 1500 µg per plate with all Salmonella tester strains in the absence of S9 activation.

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

Anhydrous ethylene glycol dimethylether (EGDE) was selected as the solvent of choice based on the request of the Sponsor, solubility of the test article and compatibility with the target cells. The test article formed a soluble and clear solution in EGDE at 500 mg/mL, the maximum concentration tested.
No contaminant colonies were observed on the sterility plates for the vehicle control, the test article dilutions and the S9 and Sham mixes.


Tester Strain Titer Results
Experiment Tester Strain
TA98 TA100 TA1535 TA1537 WP2 uvrA
Titer Value (x 10e9 cells per mL)
B1 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7 2.0
B2 1.8 6.7 5.9 0.7 3.0

Initial Toxicity-Mutation Assay
Experiment B1: In the initial toxicity mutation assay, the maximum dose tested was 5000 µg per plate; this dose was achieved using a concentration of 100 mg/mL and a 50 µL plating aliquot. The dose levels tested were 1.5, 5.0, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg per plate. Precipitate was observed beginning at 500 µg per plate. Toxicity was observed beginning at 500 or at 5000 µg per plate with tester strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence of S9 activation. Based on the findings of the initial toxicity mutation assay, the maximum dose plated in the confirmatory mutagenicity assay was 5000 µg per plate.
In Experiment B1 (Initial Toxicity-Mutation Assay), no positive mutagenic responses were observed with any of the tester strains in either the presence or absence of S9 activation. Increases in revertant counts (2.1- and 2.3-fold, maximum increases) were observed with tester strain TA1535 in the absence of S9 activation and tester strain TA1537 in the presence and absence of S9 activation, but the increases were not clearly dose-responsive. (Table 1)
Confirmatory Mutagenicity Assay
Experiment B2: The dose levels tested were 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg per plate with tester strain TA100 in the absence of S9 activation and 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg per plate with the remaining test conditions. Precipitate was observed beginning at 500 or 1500 µg per plate. Toxicity was observed beginning at 500 or 1500 µg per plate with all Salmonella tester strains in the absence of S9 activation.
In Experiment B2 (Confirmatory Mutagenicity Assay), no positive mutagenic responses were observed with any of the tester strains in either the presence or absence of S9 activation.(Table 2).

Historical Negative and Positive Control Values
2006 – 2008

revertants per plate
Strain Control Activation
None Rat Liver
Mean SD Min Max Mean SD Min Max
TA98 Neg 17 6 4 57 24 8 6 62
Pos 205 126 30 1299 491 236 64 2342
TA100 Neg 133 32 51 255 141 34 56 263
Pos 581 163 112 4349 665 287 232 2748
TA1535 Neg 18 7 3 58 15 5 2 49
Pos 432 164 33 1601 110 69 18 1080
TA1537 Neg 8 4 1 28 8 3 1 29
Pos 947 497 24 3154 94 135 15 2360
WP2 uvrA Neg 22 9 5 69 24 10 4 66
Pos 246 141 28 1178 232 122 29 1656
SD=standard deviation; Min=minimum value; Max=maximum value; Neg=negative control (including but not limited to deionized water, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol and acetone); Pos=positive control

Any other information on results incl. tables

Bacterial Mutation Assay Summary of Results - Initial Toxicity-Mutation Assay
Table 1
Test Article Id	:		Test Item
Study Number	:		AC26PZ.503.BTL
Experiment No	:		B1
Average Revertants Per Plate ± Standard Deviation
Activation Condition		:			None
Dose (µg per plate)		TA98						TA100						TA1535						TA1537						WP2uvrA
Vehicle		18			±	4		146			±		17	10			±		1	4			±	1		44			±	8
Untreated Control		16			±	1		121			±		4	11			±		5	5			±	1		41			±	4
1.5		15			±	4		126			±		5	18			±		1	7			±	3		43			±	3
5.0		14			±	2		147			±		7	17			±		6	9			±	1		50			±	9
15		15			±	6		147			±		18	20			±		4	6			±	1		33			±	5
50		20			±	1		142			±		9	21			±		1	4			±	1		44			±	3
150		19			±	1		124			±		1	16			±		3	5			±	2		45			±	1
500		16			±	4		82			±		16	10			±		3	6			±	3		34			±	11
1500		10			±	3		148			±		56	11			±		6	3			±	1		35			±	3
5000		6			±	5		105			±		6	15			±		8	8			±	3		31			±	2
Positive		244			±	45		545			±		91	441			±		83	840			±	182		516			±	91
Activation Condition		:			Rat Liver S9
Dose (µg per plate)		TA98						TA100						TA1535						TA1537						WP2uvrA
Vehicle		14			±	1		152			±		3	12			±		3	4			±	0		49			±	2
Untreated Control		22			±	4		135			±		9	15			±		8	6			±	4		46			±	5
1.5		12			±	1		160			±		4	19			±		4	7			±	3		49			±	1
5.0		15			±	4		152			±		21	13			±		6	7			±	2		48			±	6
15		13			±	1		179			±		12	16			±		4	9			±	2		48			±	1
50		17			±	6		131			±		4	15			±		1	5			±	3		44			±	4
150		14			±	3		144			±		22	14			±		1	9			±	8		51			±	9
500		19			±	4		182			±		6	18			±		2	3			±	1		41			±	12
1500		15			±	6		154			±		7	19			±		2	8			±	5		39			±	3
5000		9			±	2		147			±		11	18			±		4	4			±	4		33			±	7
Positive		463			±	111		1195			±		93	115			±		3	50			±	1		380			±	13
Vehicle = Vehicle Control
Positive = Positive Control (50 μL plating aliquot)
Plating aliquot = 50 µL

Bacterial Mutation Assay Summary of Results - Confirmatory Mutagenicity Assay
Table 2
Test Article Id	:		Test Item
Study Number	:		AC26PZ.503.BTL
Experiment No	:		B2
Average Revertants Per Plate ± Standard Deviation
Activation Condition		:			None
Dose (µg per plate)		TA98						TA100						TA1535						TA1537						WP2uvrA
Vehicle		16			±	4		147			±		17	15			±		3	6			±		1	55			±	5
Untreated Control		15			±	2		123			±		22	17			±		6	7			±		2	37			±	3
15								136			±		19
50		18			±	2		137			±		16	16			±		0	7			±		2	58			±	6
150		13			±	2		124			±		6	15			±		1	6			±		2	54			±	5
500		0			±	0		110			±		4	16			±		3	3			±		2	56			±	7
1500		0			±	0		115			±		20	13			±		3	3			±		1	55			±	8
5000		0			±	0		107			±		15	11			±		1	5			±		2	53			±	6
Positive		266			±	72		691			±		63	553			±		12	1140			±		16	548			±	13
Activation Condition		:			Rat Liver S9
Dose (µg per plate)		TA98						TA100						TA1535						TA1537						WP2uvrA
Vehicle		20			±	3		171			±		41	27			±		1	9			±		4	53			±	2
Untreated Control		18			±	8		139			±		10	25			±		2	7			±		3	41			±	6
50		18			±	2		161			±		15	25			±		5	10			±		2	58			±	6
150		19			±	3		148			±		12	24			±		5	8			±		4	50			±	10
500		19			±	7		139			±		19	19			±		4	6			±		2	50			±	2
1500		18			±	3		151			±		2	17			±		5	11			±		2	43			±	7
5000		14			±	3		165			±		3	18			±		1	8			±		1	51			±	10
Positive		464			±	191		1436			±		66	128			±		20	63			±		9	435			±	24
Vehicle = Vehicle Control
Positive = Positive Control (50 μL plating aliquot)
Plating aliquot = 50 µL

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results: negative
Under the conditions of this study, test article did not cause a positive mutagenic response in either the presence or absence of Aroclor-induced rat liver S9.

Under the conditions of this study, the test article was concluded to be negative in the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay.

Executive summary:

44MDI/DPG was tested in the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 and Escherichia coli tester strain WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of Aroclor‑induced rat liver S9. The assay was performed in two phases, using the plate incorporation method. The first phase, the initial toxicity-mutation assay, was used to establish the dose‑range for the confirmatory mutagenicity assay and to provide a preliminary mutagenicity evaluation. The second phase, the confirmatory mutagenicity assay, was used to evaluate and confirm the mutagenic potential of the test article.

 

Anhydrous ethylene glycol dimethylether (EGDE) was selected as the solvent of choice based on the request of the Sponsor, solubility of the test article and compatibility with the target cells. The test article formed a soluble and clear solution in EGDE at 500 mg/mL, the maximum concentration tested.

 

In the initial toxicity-mutation assay, the maximum dose tested was 5000 µg per plate; this dose was achieved using a concentration of 100 mg/mL and a 50 µL plating aliquot. The dose levels tested were 1.5, 5.0, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg per plate. In the initial toxicity‑mutation assay, no positive mutagenic response was observed; however, increases in revertant counts (2.1- and 2.3-fold, maximum increases) were observed with tester strain TA1535 in the absence of S9 activation and tester strain TA1537 in the presence and absence of S9 activation, but the increases were not clearly dose-responsive. Precipitate was observed beginning at 500 µg per plate. Toxicity was observed beginning at 500 or at 5000 µg per plate with tester strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence of S9 activation. Based on the findings of the initial toxicity‑mutation assay, the maximum dose plated in the confirmatory mutagenicity assay was 5000 µg per plate.

 

In the confirmatory mutagenicity assay, no positive mutagenic response was observed. The dose levels tested were 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg per plate with tester strain TA100 in the absence of S9 activation and 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg per plate with the remaining test conditions. Precipitate was observed beginning at 500 or 1500 µg per plate. Toxicity was observed beginning at 500 or 1500 µg per plate with all Salmonella tester strains in the absence of S9 activation.

 

 

Under the conditions of this study, the test article was concluded to be negative in the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay. The increases observed in the initial toxicity-mutation assay withtester strain TA1535 in the absence of S9 activation and tester strain TA1537 in the presence and absence of S9 activation were not considered indicative of mutagenic activity because (1)the increases were not clearly dose‑responsive, i.e., there was overlap in the individual plate counts(2) the mean revertant counts for the maximum increases were within the historical vehicle control ranges for the tester strains and (3) the increases were not reproducible. Therefore, the overall conclusion was negative.