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EC number: 448-100-7 | CAS number: 70441-63-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14 Sep - 28 Sep 1993
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
- Report date:
- 1994
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted in 1987
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Topical anesthetics/systemic analgesics not used; temperature and humidity in animal room slightly too high; more accurate description and scoring of corneal defects, and additional examination of aqueous humour. Deviations do not affect study outcome.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- -
- EC Number:
- 448-100-7
- EC Name:
- -
- Cas Number:
- 70441-63-3
- Molecular formula:
- C9H12FN
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-fluoro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Interfauna U.K. Ltd., Wyton, Huntingdon, England
- Age at study initiation: adult, not further specified
- Body weight: 3.5, 3.7, and 3.6 kg
- Housing: Rabbits were individually housed in stainless steel cages with flat rod bases or plastic cages with perforated bases. Excrement trays beneath the cages contained low-dust (wood) bedding (type S 8/15, Ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany).
- Diet: standard diet Ssniff K4 (Ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany), approx. 100 - 120 g/animal/day; once per day in the morning.
- Water: tap water of drinking-water quality, ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: two weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23
- Humidity (%): 60 - 80
- Air changes (per hr): 12 - 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 14 Sep 1993 To: 21 Sep 1993 (Signs proved to be reversible within 7 days post exposure. Study was correctly terminated at this time point.)
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 100 µL
- Concentration: undiluted, pure test substance - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
Treatment was terminated by rinsing the treated eye with saline. - Observation period (in vivo):
- Signs proved to be reversible within 7 days post exposure. Therefore, the study was terminated at this time point, and not continued until 21 days post exposure.
Reading time points: 1, 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 days - Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 female animals
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: 24 hours after instillation of the test substance the treated eye was rinsed with normal saline.
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hours
SCORING SYSTEM
Eye irritation was scored and recorded 1, 24, 48, and 72 h and 7 days post exposure. The effects in cornea, iris, and conjunctivae were assessed as described by Draize. The aqueous humour (opacity) was recorded as described by McDonald and Shadduck, 1987. In addition, any serious lesions or toxic effects other than ocular ones were recorded.
Corneal opacity - degree of density:
0 = no ulceration or opacity
1* = scattered or diffuse areas of opacity (other than slight dulling of normal lustre), details of iris clearly visible
2* = easily discernible translucent area, details of iris slightly obscured
3* = nacreous area, no details of iris visible, size of pupil barely discernible
4* = completely opaque cornea, iris not discernible through the opacity
Corneal opacity - area of opacity:
1 = 1/4 or less, but not 0
2 = more than 1/4, but less than 1/2
3 = more than 1/2, but less than 3/4
4 = more than 3/4 up to complete surface
Fluorescein staining (epithelial defects):
0 = absence of staining
1 = slight staining, underlying structures easily visible
2 = moderate staining, underlying structures easily visible, although there is some loss of detail
3 = marked staining, underlying structures barely visible but not completely obliterated
4 = extreme staining, underlying structures cannot be observed
To assess the area of fluorescein staining the criteria of "Corneal opacity - area of opacity" were used. In addition, differentiation was made between scattered punctate and confluent diffuse areas.
Iris:
0 = normal
1* = markedly deepened rugae, congestion, swelling, moderate circumcorneal hyperaemia, or injection, any of these or combination of any of thereof, iris still reacting to light (sluggish reaction is positive)
2* = no reaction to light, haemorrhage, gross destruction (any or all of these)
Aqueous flare:
0 = light beam in the anterior chamber not visible (no Tyndall effect)
1 = Tyndall effect barely discernible, intensity of light beam in the anterior chamber less than intensity of light passing through lens
2 = Tyndall effect in the anterior chamber easily discernible, intensity of light beam egual to slit beam passing through lens
3 = Tyndall effect easily discernible, intensity of light beam greater than slit beam passing through lens
Conjunctivae - Erythema:
0 = blood vessels normal
1 = some blood vessels definitely hyperaemic (injected)
2* = diffuse, crimson colour, individual vessels not easily discernible
3* = diffuse, beefy redness
Conjunctivae - Chemosis (lids and/or nictitating membranes):
0 = no swelling
1 = any swelling above normal
2* = obvious swelling with partial eversion of lids (ectropium)
3* = swelling with lids about half closed
4* = swelling with lids more than half closed
Discharge:
0 = no discharge
1 = slightly increased discharge
2 = discharge with slight moistening of periorbital areas
3 = discharge with considerable moistening of periorbital areas
* Starred figures indicate a positive effect.
Only effects persisting for more than 24 hours were included in the evaluation. The irritation indices / mean irritation indices were calculated for cornea (degree of opacity), iris, erythema and swelling (chemosis) of the conjunctivae. Where three animals were used, interpretation was based on the individual indices obtained from the two most sensitive animals. Where there were delayed reactions, or where no irritation indices could be calculated (e.g. coloration by the test substance), other interpretation criteria were applied.
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE
The examinations of cornea, iris and aqueous humour were facilitated using optical instruments (e.g. hand slit-lamp).
To define epithelial damage, one drop of a 1 % fluorescein solution was applied to the corneal surface 24 hours after administration of the test substance. The eye was then rinsed with normal saline to remove excess and nonabsorbed fluorescein. Evaluation was performed by means of ultraviolet illumination (area) in a darkened room and diffuse white illumination (intensity), according to McDonald and Shadduck, 1987. Where positive effects were recorded this procedure was repeated at the later observation times.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.7
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.7
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- (redness)
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.7
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- (redness)
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- (redness)
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.7
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Exposure of the test substance to the eye resulted in slight to moderate inflammatory reactions including discharge in all three animals. Additionally, in one animal mild effects of the cornea and iris were also transiently observed. All signs proved to be fully reversible within 7 days.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Results of ocular irritation/corrosion testing with female New Zealand White rabbits exposed for 24 hours to N-Isopropyl-4-fluoroaniline
Animal no. | Body weight (kg) | Tissue/parameter examined | Signs | Draize grade after test substance application | ||||||
1 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 7 d | 14 d | 21 d | ||||
1 | 3.5 | cornea | opacity | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
area | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
fluorescein | intensity | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | ||
area | - | 2c | 1c | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
iris | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
conjunctivae | redness | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | ||
swelling | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | - | - | |||
aqueous humour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
discharge | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
2 | 3.7 | cornea | opacity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
area | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
fluorescein | intensity | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
area | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
iris | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
conjunctivae | redness | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | ||
swelling | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
aqueous humour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
discharge | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
3 | 3.6 | cornea | opacity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
area | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
fluorescein | intensity | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
area | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
iris | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
conjunctivae | redness | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | ||
swelling | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
aqueous humour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | |||
discharge | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
- = not examined
c = confluent diffuse areas
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Exposure of the test substance to the eye resulted in slight to moderate inflammatory reactions including discharge in all three animals. Additionally, in one animal mild effects of the cornea and iris were also transiently observed. All signs proved to be fully reversible within 7 days. Based on the Draize scoring results and because of the full reversibility within 7 days, the test substance does not fulfill the criteria for classification and labeling as an eye irritant according to GHS.
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