Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 231-635-3 | CAS number: 7664-41-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
No modern reliable studies (e.g. GLP/OECD test guidelines studies) are available on the skin and eye irritation effects of the anhydrous ammonia. Waivers are proposed for skin and eye irritation in accordance with Column 2 of Annexes VII, No. 8.1 and 8.2 respectively on the basis that anhydrous ammonia and its aqueous salts are classified as corrosive. Additional testing is not required and is considered to be unjustified both scientifically and on animal welfare grounds. Data from supporting studies confirms that gaseous and aqueous forms of ammonia are corrosive/irritating to the skin.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Eye irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Additional information
Supporting studies are available on the skin and eye irritation effects of the substance.
In a first study, rats were exposed for 5-60 minutes at various concentrations, however no details were given (Prokop'eva et al.,1973). The visible signs of skin pathology appeared only at an ammonia concentration of 20-30 mg/L and higher, mainly in the form of a burn around the anus and in the region of the external genitalia. The LC50 was 112 mg/L after 15 mins of exposure.
In a second study, different concentrations of aqueous ammonia were investigated in New Zealand White rabbits (Vernot et al., 1977). The authors reported that 12% aqueous ammonia was corrosive to the skin of rabbits following a 4 hour occlusive exposure on shaved skin, whereas 10% aqueous ammonia was not corrosive to the skin of rabbits.
According to Part 3 of Annex VI of the CLP Regulation 1272/2008/EC, anhydrous ammonia and its aqueous solutions, have a harmonised classification for corrosive effects. Gaseous and aqueous forms of ammonia are classified for corrosivity as: Category 1B, H314 “Causes severe skin burns and eye damage” according to Annex VI of the CLP Regulation 1272/2008/EC. Waivers are proposed for skin and eye irritation in accordance with Column 2 of Annexes VII, No. 8.1 and 8.2 respectively on the basis that the substance is classified as corrosive. The specific rules for adaptation from Column 1 of the standard information requirements in Column 2 state that testing for skin irritation/corrosion and eye irritation is not required for substances which are classified as corrosive to the skin. Additional testing for skin irritation eye irritation is not required and is considered to be unjustified both scientifically and on animal welfare grounds.
Available non-standard data have been reported as supporting information.
Respiratory irritation
Animal data and human reports indicate that the substance is a respiratory irritant.
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
Anhydrous ammonia and its aqueous solutions are corrosive to the skin and have a harmonised classification for these effects. A waiver is proposed for skin irritation/corrosion effects in accordance with Annex VII, No. 8.1 Column 2 of the REACH Regulation on the basis that the substance is classified as corrosive. Additional testing for skin irritation/corrosion is not required and is considered to be unjustified both scientifically and on animal welfare grounds. Data from an older study using different concentrations of aqueous solution of ammonia conducted using a similar method to OECD 404 (Vernot et al., 1977) indicated that solutions of 12 % were corrosive to rabbits.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
Anhydrous ammonia and its aqueous solutions are corrosive to the eyes and have a harmonised classification for these effects. A waiver is proposed for eye irritation effects in accordance with Annex VII, No. 8.2 Column 2 of the REACH Regulation on the basis that the substance is classified as corrosive. Additional testing for eye irritation/corrosion is not required and is considered to be unjustified both scientifically and on animal welfare grounds.
Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: corrosive
Effects on eye irritation: irriversible damage
Effects on respiratory irritation: irritating
Justification for classification or non-classification
Anhydrous ammonia and its aqueous solutions have a harmonised classification for corrosive effects. The gaseous and aqueous forms of ammonia are classified as: Category 1B, H314 “Causes severe skin burns and eye damage” according to Annex VI of the CLP Regulation 1272/2008/EC. No change to the harmonised classification is proposed. Regarding corrosive effects, specific concentration limits have proposed for aqueous solutions of ammonia. Aqueous solutions ≥ 5% are classified as: Skin corrosion category 1B; H314: Causes severe burns and eye damage. According to Table 3.1 of CLP, ammonia is classified H335 - May cause respiratory irritation (C≥5% STOT SE 3).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
![ECHA](/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/echa_logo.png)