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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- BBA Part VI, 1-1
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- No sampling
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The test susbtance in two different concentrations was applied to sandy soil amended with Lucerne meal and to loamy soil amended with Lucerne meal.
- Test organisms (inoculum):
- soil
- Total exposure duration:
- 76 d
- Test temperature:
- Not indicated
- Moisture:
- Not indicated
- Details on test conditions:
- The effects of ALZODEF (a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) on soil microbial respiration (carbon mineralisation) and nitrogen transformation (ammonification and nitrification) were examined using a sandy soil and a loamy soil in a laboratory study. The test contained 3 replicates (nitrogen transformation) and 6 replicates (carbon mineralisation) of each treatment group: unamended soil, soil amended with Lucerne mean and soil amended with Lucerne meal and treated with a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide at two rates: 40 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/ha equivalent to 19.6 kg cyanamide/ha (maximum recommended annual application rate of 20 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) and 200 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/ha equivalent to 98 kg cyanamide/ha (5-times the maximum recommended annual application rate of 20 L 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide). Production of carbon dioxide by soil microbes and concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite were determined periodically throughout the study.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide at two rates: 40 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/ha equivalent to 19.6 kg cyanamide/ha (maximum recommended annual application rate of 20 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) and 200 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/ha equivalent to 98 kg cyanamide/ha (5-times the maximum recommended annual application rate of 20 L 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide)
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 76 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Deviation in respiration (compare to the control at the end of the study)
- Effect conc.:
- < 25 other: %.
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: The result is obtained following an application rate of 19.8 kg cyanamide/ha (maximum recommended field rate) and following an application rate of 98 kg cyanamide/ha (5-times the max. recommended field rate) to sandy soil as well as to loamy soil.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 97 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Deviation in nitrate and nitrite levels (compare to the control at the end of the study)
- Effect conc.:
- < 25 other: %
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: The result is obtained following an application rate of 19.8 kg cyanamide/ha (maximum recommended field rate) and following an application rate of 98 kg cyanamide/ha (5-times the max. recommended field rate) to sandy soil as well as to loamy soil.
- Details on results:
- Deviations in the ammonium and nitrate/nitrite levels and respiration rate between control soil and soil treated with a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were < 25 % at the end of the study.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No reference substrate
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Deviation in the rates of nitrogen transformation and respiration were < 25 % at the end of the study. Under anticipated conditions of field use, cyanamide is categorised as having low risk to soil microflora.
- Executive summary:
The effects of ALZODEF (a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) on soil microbial respiration (carbon mineralisation) and nitrogen transformation (ammonification and nitrification) were examined using a sandy soil and a loamy soil in a laboratory study. The test contained 3 replicates (nitrogen transformation) and 6 replicates (carbon mineralisation) of each treatment group: unamended soil, soil amended with Lucerne mean and soil amended with Lucerne meal and treated with a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide at two rates: 40 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/ha equivalent to 19.6 kg cyanamide/ha (maximum recommended annual application rate of 20 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) and 200 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/ha equivalent to 98 kg cyanamide/ha (5-times the maximum recommended annual application rate of 20 L 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide). Production of carbon dioxide by soil microbes and concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite were determined periodically throughout the study.
Deviations in the ammonium and nitrate/nitrite levels and respiration rate between control soil and soil treated with a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were < 25 % at the end of the study. As the deviation is not higher than 25% for both examined parameters, it can be concluded that cyanamide has a low risk to soil microflora (under anticipated conditions of field use).
Reference
Summary of effects of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide on ammonium and nitrate levels and respiration in sandy soil amended withm Lucerne meal:
Day |
Deviation in ammonium levels (%)a |
Deviation in nitrate and nitrite levels (%)a |
Deviation in respiration (%)a |
Application rate: 19.8 kg cyanamide/ha (maximum recommended field rate) |
|||
7 |
4.9 |
-4.5 |
- |
14 |
33.5 |
-18.2 |
3.2 |
21 |
28.3 |
-4.8 |
- |
28 |
-11.3 |
1.8 |
-21.9 |
42 |
6.6 |
7.5 |
- |
76 |
-1.1 |
-0.5 |
- |
Application rate: 98 kg cyanamide/ha (5-times the max. recommended field rate) |
|||
7 |
2.4 |
-23.0 |
- |
14 |
27.8 |
-6.2 |
34.5 |
21 |
45.0 |
-39.5 |
- |
28 |
77.3 |
-37.3 |
-8.8 |
42 |
72.4 |
-23.8 |
- |
76 |
2.6 |
1.7 |
- |
a % Deviation: [(measured parameter in control soil / measured parameter in treated soil) –1] x 100
- not determined
Summary of effects of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide on ammonium and nitrate levels and respiration in a loamy soil amended withmeal:
Day |
Deviation in ammonium levels (%)a |
Deviation in nitrate and nitrite levels (%)a |
Deviation in respiration (%)a |
Application rate: 19.8 kg cyanamide/ha (maximum recommended field rate) |
|||
7 |
-1.7 |
0.0 |
- |
14 |
-8.7 |
6.0 |
-17.1 |
21 |
10.1 |
-5.9 |
- |
28 |
-0.6 |
-4.9 |
-2.7 |
42 |
24.7 |
11.5 |
- |
76 |
2.6 |
-4.2 |
- |
Application rate: 98 kg cyanamide/ha (5-times the max. recommended field rate) |
|||
7 |
136.8 |
-47.1 |
- |
14 |
222.7 |
-35.7 |
-22.4 |
21 |
31.0 |
-16.8 |
- |
28 |
-2.9 |
1.9 |
7.1 |
42 |
3.8 |
8.6 |
- |
76 |
-7.0 |
5.1 |
- |
a % Deviation: [(measured parameter in control soil / measured parameter in treated soil) –1] x 100
Description of key information
From the results of two soil microflora tests (soil respiration test and nitrogen transformation) performed in two available studies, it can be concluded that the use of cyanamide (around 20 kg ai/ha and the
5-fold thereof (100 kg ai/ha)) is safe for soil non-target microorganisms as the results of both tests in both studies were practically not higher than 25% of the control.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The effects of cyanamide (49% or 51.1% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) on soil microorganisms were examined in two studies. In the key study (Schönborn, 1990) the effects of ALZODEF (a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) on soil microbial respiration (carbon mineralisation) and nitrogen transformation (ammonification and nitrification) were examined using a sandy soil and a loamy soil in a laboratory study. The test contained 3 replicates (nitrogen transformation) and 6 replicates (carbon mineralisation) of each treatment group: unamended soil, soil amended with Lucerne mean and soil amended with Lucerne meal and treated with a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide at two rates: 40 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/ha equivalent to 19.6 kg cyanamide/ha (maximum recommended annual application rate of 20 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) and 200 L of a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/ha equivalent to 98 kg cyanamide/ha (5-times the maximum recommended annual application rate of 20 L 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide). Production of carbon dioxide by soil microbes and concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite were determined periodically throughout the study.
Deviations in the ammonium and nitrate/nitrite levels and respiration rate between control soil and soil treated with a 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were < 25 % at the end of the study. As the deviation is not higher than 25% for both examined parameters, it can be concluded that cyanamide has a low risk to soil microflora (under anticipated conditions of field use).
Similar results were obtained in the supporting study (Reis, 2002), In the carbon transformation test (soil respiration test) deviations from control were less than 25% in the end of the exposure period at both application rates (20 kg ai/ha and the 5-fold thereof (100 kg ai/ha)), indicating that the test substance induce no long – term effect (to soil microorganisms).
In the nitrogen transformation test deviations from control were less than 25% in the lower concentration rate but more than 25% in the higher test concentration at the end of the test. The deviation can be fully explained with the fertilising effect of cyanamide (Incorporation of a part of the added nitrogen in the soil micro-organisms seems to be the most likely explanation for this observation). It is not considered as an adverse effect.
Thus, as in the key study, it can be concluded that the use of the test substance, Cyanamid L500 is safe for soil non-target microorganisms.
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