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EC number: 207-300-2 | CAS number: 460-00-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Various studies were performed for test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) to observe its sensitization potential. Based upon the available data for target substance as well as for read across substance and applying weight of evidence approach, the test chemical can be classified as skin sensitizer. Even though the some data for the target chemical suggests that it is not sensitizing, but the majority of data suggest that it is sensitizing. Therefore, the test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) is classified as a skin sensitizer.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin sensitisation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: data is from review article or handbook
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Skin sensitization test was conducted in guinea pigs for 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene by Magnusson and Kligman guinea pig maximization test.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- other: Magnusson and Kligman guinea pig maximization test
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- not specified
- Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- No data
- Route:
- other: no data
- Vehicle:
- no data
- Concentration / amount:
- No data
- Route:
- other: no data
- Vehicle:
- no data
- Concentration / amount:
- No data
- No. of animals per dose:
- No data
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Challenge controls:
- No data
- Positive control substance(s):
- not specified
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Group:
- test chemical
- Clinical observations:
- mild sensitizer
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. Group: test group. Clinical observations: mild sensitizer.
- Interpretation of results:
- sensitising
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The test material 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) was observed to be sensitizing on guinea pig skin.
- Executive summary:
The Magnusson and Kligman guinea pig maximization test was conducted for test chemical1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4).
Test chemical produced a 20% sensitization rate. Hence1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) was considered as mild skin sensitizer to guinea pigs.
Reference
Produced a 20% sensitization rate.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (sensitising)
- Additional information:
Skin sensitization
Various studies were performed for test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) to observe its sensitization potential that have been summarized as below;
The skin sensitization study was reported by National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) National Institutes of Health U.S Department of Health and Human Services in 2005 for the test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) in guinea pigs. This study was performed via Magnusson and Kligman guinea pig maximization test. It was observed that the test chemical produced a 20% sensitization rate. Hence 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) was considered as mild skin sensitizer to guinea pigs.
IFA (GESTIS) 2016 observed skin sensitization effects for test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) to OECD guideline 406 in guinea pigs. In this study the guinea pigs were induced intradermally with 7% of test chemical. After 7 days animals were induced dermally with 50% of test chemical. Induction as followed by challenge exposure after 2 weeks at concentration of 0.2 %. The induction treatment produced slight irritation but dermal provocation with 0.2 % of test chemical did not. Hence the test substance1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) is considered as non-sensitizing on guinea pigs.
In the study by European Chemical Agency (ECHA) 2013, skin sensitization effects were observed for similar read across substance 1, 4-Dichlorobenzene (CAS No: 106-46-7) in guinea pigs by Magnusson Kligman test.. During the test, the test animals were induced intradermally with 0.1% of 1, 4-Dichlorobenzene and later topically with 25% of 1, 4-Dichlorobenzene. Induction was followed by challenge treatment with 25% of test chemical in petrolatum. Positive controls were also used. At 0.1 % intradermally in a pre-test, slight irritation was observed in the animals. The maximum non-irritating concentration was greater than 25 % as no irritation was observed in a pre-test at 25 % in petrolatum. Minimal signs of irritation (1/24) were observed after induction. Over all, no treated animals were sensitized after 24 h; 21 % were sensitized with scores of 2 and 3 after 48 h (also one of the control animals was considered sensitized with a score of 2). No histological examination was conducted. Hence based upon the overall observations, the test chemical 1, 4-Dichlorobenzene (CAS No: 106-46-7) was concluded as weak sensitizer to guinea pigs.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION – European Chemicals Bureau (2000) conducted skin sensitization study to for another similar read across substance 4–chlorotoluene (CAS No: 106–43–4) in guinea pigs according OECD Guide–line 406 ‘Skin Sensitization’. Since the guinea pigs produced known skin sensitizing effects, the test chemical 4–chlorotoluene (CAS No: 106–43–4) can be considered as skin sensitizing to guinea pigs.
Based upon the available data for target substance as well as for read across substance and applying weight of evidence approach, the test chemical can be classified as skin sensitizer. Even though the some data for the target chemical suggests that it is not sensitizing, but the majority of data suggest that it is sensitizing. Therefore, the test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) is classified as a skin sensitizer.
Migrated from Short description of key information:
The skin sensitization study was reported by National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) National Institutes of Health U.S Department of Health and Human Services in 2005 for the test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) in guinea pigs. This study was performed via Magnusson and Kligman guinea pig maximization test. It was observed that the test chemical produced a 20% sensitization rate. Hence 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) was considered as mild skin sensitizer to guinea pigs.
Justification for selection of skin sensitisation endpoint:
The skin sensitization study was reported by National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) National Institutes of Health U.S Department of Health and Human Services in 2005 for the test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) in guinea pigs. This study was performed via Magnusson and Kligman guinea pig maximization test. It was observed that the test chemical produced a 20% sensitization rate. Hence 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) was considered as mild skin sensitizer to guinea pigs.
Respiratory sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Justification for classification or non-classification
The skin sensitization potential of test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) was observed in various studies. From the results obtained from these studies it is concluded that the chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No: 460-00-4) is likely to cause skin sensitization and thus can be classified as skin sensitizer.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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