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EC number: 241-010-7 | CAS number: 16941-12-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
In three early studies (two to US guidelines), a single occluded application (4 or 24 hr) of hexachloroplatinic acid to the skin of rabbits induced necrosis 48 hr after removal of the patch, which was irreversible during the observation period (Middleton and Haynes, 1978; Nicholas and Jones, 1976; Nicholas and Jones, 1977).
No relevant eye or respiratory tract irritation data were identified. However, such testing is not appropriate ashexachloroplatinic acidis classified as corrosive to the skin.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation / corrosion, other
- Remarks:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not stated
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Early guideline study (US Department of Transportation), prior to GLP, scientifically acceptable
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US Code of Federal Regulation, Title 49, Part 173, Appendix A, 27th September, 1976, Department of Transportation
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Healthy female rabbits from "recognised breeders"
- Age at study initiation: 16 - 18 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: mean 2.5 kg
- Housing: caged in environmentally controlled room
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): commercial rabbit diet (Rank Hovis MacDougal)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): filtered, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: not stated
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): not stated
- Humidity (%): not stated
- Air changes (per hr): not stated
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): natural lighting
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Remarks:
- test material applied as supplied (crystalline material)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.5 g/test site
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- Assessed for necrosis and ulceration, immediately after the end of treatment (4 hours) and at 48 hours and 7 days after the start of treatment.
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- Area of the back of each rabbit (at least 10% of body surface) was shaved 24 hours prior to treatment. One test site over the mid-line on each rabbit. 0.5 g test material applied to each test site on a gauze pad 2.5 x 2.5 cm. Pads secured with occlusive tape and dressings and left in place for 4 hours.
Assessed for necrosis and ulceration, immediately after the end of treatment (4 hours) and at 48 hours and 7 days after the start of treatment.
No control sites or animals were incorporated into the test
Criteria for classification as corrosive included destruction or irreversible alteration of the tissue, where tissue destruction involved ulceration or necrosis at any reading, not merely sloughing of the epidermis, erthyema, oedema or fissuring. - Irritation parameter:
- other: assessment for corrosivity
- Basis:
- other: assessment of necrosis and ulceration in 6 rabbits
- Time point:
- other: 4 hours, 48 hours, 7 days
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- Irritation was observed at the 4-hr time point in four animals. After 48 hr this had developed into necrosis in five animals, which was still evident at the end of the observation period. One animal was unaffected by treatment at every time point.
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- One animal was unaffected by treatment at every timepoint.
Results from the remaining 5:
At 4 hours, 4/5 animals had skin irritation and 1/5 was unaffected.
At 48 hours, 5/5 animals had at least 1 area of necrotic tissue.
At 7 days, necrosis was maintained in 5/5 animals. - Interpretation of results:
- corrosive
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: US Federal Register Corrosivity Test (1976)
- Conclusions:
- In an early US guideline study, irreversible necrosis was observed following a single 4-hr occluded application of chloroplatinic acid to the skin of six rabbits.
- Executive summary:
In an early US guideline study, the skin irritant potential of chloroplatinic acid was assessed in six female New Zealand White rabbits. The test material (0.5 g, crystalline solid) was applied to shaved intact skin for 4 hr under occlusion. The sites were assessed for evidence of necrosis or ulceration immediately upon removal of the patch, with further assessments made at 48 hours and 7 days after application of the test material.
Irritation was observed at the 4-hr time point in four animals. After 48 hr this had developed into necrosis in five animals, which was still evident at the end of the observation period. One animal was unaffected by treatment at every time point.
Based on the results of this study, the test material should be classified as corrosive to skin (at least category 1C) under EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not stated
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Early guideline study (US EPA), prior to GLP, scientifically acceptable
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US EPA (Skin irritation patch test, Federal Register, 38(187), 1500:41, 1973)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Healthy female rabbits from "recognised breeders"
- Age at study initiation: 12-14 wk
- Weight at study initiation: mean 2.29 kg
- Housing: caged singly
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): commercial rabbit diet (Rank Hovis MacDougal)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): filtered ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 17 (+/-2)
- Humidity (%): 50-70
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): natural lighting
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: shaved; 1 intact & 1 abraded site/animal
- Vehicle:
- other: CB12-dry: no vehicle; CB12-humid: no vehicle but powdered material allowed to stand for 1 hr at 18 deg C & 61% humidity
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.5 mg/test site [as stated in study report, but the usual amount is 0.5 g]
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period:
- Assessed for oedema and erythema immediately after the end of treatment (24 hours) and 48 hours later (72 hours).
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- Area of the back of each rabbit (at least 10% of body surface) was shaved 24 hours prior to treatment. Two lateral test sites on each rabbit, one abraded immediately prior to treatment. 0.5 mg [sic] test material applied to each test site on a gauze pad 2.5 x 2.5 cm. Pads secured with occlusive tape and dressings and left in place for 24 hours.
Assessed for oedema and erythema immediately after the end of treatment (24 hours) and 48 hours later (72 hours). Primary irritation index calculated and classified using method of Draize (1959).
No control sites or animals were incorporated into the test.
Difficulty was encountered in applying the sample in its dry form as it could be seen to be taking up water after a few seconds exposure to the atmosophere immediately prior to application. - Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Remarks:
- CB12 Dry
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 6 rabbits
- Time point:
- other: 24 & 72 hr
- Score:
- 6.62
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Remarks:
- CB12 Humid
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 6 rabbits
- Time point:
- other: 24 & 72 hr
- Score:
- 7.17
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- CB12-dry total scores presented in study report for 6 animals at 2 timepoints:
erythema: 43 (abraded), 33 (intact); [max 48]
oedema: 45 (abraded), 38 (intact); [max 48]
average score: 26.5; [max 32]
all treatment sites had necrotic areas at both timepoints
CB12-humid total scores presented in study report for 6 animal at 2 timepoints:
erythema: 44 (abraded), 41 (intact); [max 48]
oedema: 47 (abraded), 40 (intact); [max 48]
average score: 28.7; [max 32]
all treament areas were necrotic at both timepoints - Interpretation of results:
- other: described as a severe irritant
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: JH Draize "Apraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics" 1959
- Conclusions:
- In an early US guideline study, a 24-hr occluded application of chloroplatinic acid (both dry and humid forms) produced severe irritation and necrosis to the skin of rabbits, the latter producing more severe effects, which was irreversible during the 48-hr observation period.
- Executive summary:
In a US EPA guideline study, chloroplatinic acid (in dry and humid forms) was applied to the intact and abraded skin of six female New Zealand White rabbits as a 24-hr occluded patch. [The dose applied was specified as 0.5 mg, though 0.5 g is commonly tested]. The test sites were assessed for erythema and oedema immediately on removal of the patch, and 48 hr later.
Severe irritation and necrosis was observed in all animals and there was little or no sign of reversibility at the end of the observation period. The total area of necrosis was considerably greater following application of the humid sample.
Based on the results of this study, the test material should be classified as corrosive to skin (at least category 1C) under EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not stated
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Skin irritation assessed by applying 24-hour covered patches to the shaved skin of 4 rabbits. Oedema and erythema scored at removal of patch (24 hr) and 48 hours later (72 hours).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Healthy female rabbits from "recognised breeders"
- Age at study initiation: 16-18 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.1 kg
- Housing: Individually caged in an experimental room.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Ad libitum commercial rabbit diet (Rank Hovis MacDougal)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Filtered ad libitum
- Acclimation period: No data
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 17 +/- 2
- Humidity (%): 50-70
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): Natural
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: No data - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: shaved; 1 intact and 1 abraded test site/animal
- Vehicle:
- other: presumably water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.5 ml/test site,
1 intact and 1 abraded test site/animal - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period:
- Assessed for oedema and erythema immediately after the end of treatment (24 hours) and 48 hours later (72 hours). Primary irritation index calculated and classified using method of Draize (1959).
- Number of animals:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 4 rabbits
- Time point:
- other: 24, 72 hours
- Score:
- 3.2
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Total scores presented in study report for 4 animals at 2 timepoints:
erythema: 10 (abraded), 16 (intact); [max 32]
oedema: 12 (abraded), 13 (intact). [max 32]
Average scores: erythema 6.5, oedema 6.3, overall 12.8;
3/4 abraded and 3/4 intact sites had necrotic areas at both timepoints. - Interpretation of results:
- other: moderate to severe irritation; corrosive
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: JH Draize "Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics" 1959
- Conclusions:
- In a non-guideline skin irritation study, chloroplatinic acid solution produced moderate to severe erythema and oedema, as well as necrosis, after a 24-hr occluded application to the skin of rabbits.
- Executive summary:
In a non-guideline skin irritation study, a 2% solution of chloroplatinic acid solution (0.5 ml) was applied to the intact and abraded skin of four female New Zealand White rabbits as a 24-hr occluded patch. The test sites were assessed for erythema and oedema immediately on removal of the patch, and 48 hr later.
Moderate to severe erythema and oedema, along with necrosis, were observed in all four animals. A Primary Irritation Score of 3.2 (out of 8) was obtained.
Based on the results of this study, the test material should be classified as corrosive to skin (at least category 1C) under EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Eye irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
No relevant human irritation/corrosion data were identified. No in vitro skin irritation studies were identified, or are required, as reliable in vivo studies are already available.
In a US Federal Register Corrosivity Test (1976), the skin irritant potential of chloroplatinic acid was assessed in six female New Zealand White rabbits. The test material (0.5 g, crystalline solid) was applied to shaved intact skin for 4 hr under occlusion. The sites were assessed for evidence of necrosis or ulceration immediately upon removal of the patch, with further assessments made at 48 hours and 7 days after application of the test material. Irritation was observed at the 4-hr time point in four animals. After 48 hr this had developed into necrosis in five animals, which was still evident at the end of the observation period. One animal was unaffected by treatment at every time point (Middleton and Haynes, 1978).
In a US EPA guideline study, chloroplatinic acid (in dry and humid forms) was applied to the intact and abraded skin of six female New Zealand White rabbits as a 24-hr occluded patch. [The dose applied was specified as 0.5 mg, though 0.5 g is commonly tested]. The test sites were assessed for erythema and oedema immediately on removal of the patch, and 48 hr later. Severe irritation and necrosis was observed in all animals and there was little or no sign of reversibility at the end of the observation period. The total area of necrosis was considerably greater following application of the humid sample (Nicholas and Jones, 1976).
In a non-guideline skin irritation study, a 2% solution of chloroplatinic acid solution (0.5 ml) was applied to the intact and abraded skin of four female New Zealand White rabbits as a 24-hr occluded patch. The test sites were assessed for erythema and oedema immediately on removal of the patch, and 48 hr later. Moderate to severe erythema and oedema, along with necrosis, were observed in all four animals. A Primary Irritation Score of 3.2 (out of 8) was obtained (Nicholas and Jones, 1977).
No eye or respiratory tract data were identified. However, eye irritation testing is not considered appropriate as hexachloroplatinic acidis classified as corrosive to the skin.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the results of the available reliable in vivo skin irritation studies in rabbits, hexachloroplatinic acid should be classified as corrosive to the skin (at least category 1C) according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008). However, hexachloroplatinic has a harmonised classification as skin corrosive (category 1B) according to Annex VI of the CLP regulation. As such, this classification is adopted here.
Substances that are corrosive to the skin are considered as leading to serious damage to the eyes. Consequently, hexachloroplatinic acid should be classified for eye effects in Category 1 according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
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