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Endpoint:
cytotoxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
From February 25 to April 01, 2003
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO10993, published by the International Organization for Standardization: "Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices" Part 5, Chapter 8.2, 1992 and Part 12, 1996
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: USP 25-NF20 supplement 2 "Biological Reactivity Tests, in vitro" Chapter 87, 2002; does not include the "USP Negative Control Plastic Reference Standard" and "USP Positive Bioreaction Extract Reference Standard" because these Standards are not available.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: prEN 7405: 1995 (5.2.1.c) "Präklinische Beurteilung der Gewebeverträglichkeit von Medizinprodukten in der Zahnheilkunde-Prüfuerfahren"
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Guide to Medical Device Registration in Japan, 4 ed., 1992, Appendix 3. Publisher Yakui Nippon Ltd. Tokyo, Japan.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The study was performed to assess the cytotoxicity potential of the test item by means of the cytotoxicity in vitro test for soluble test items. The test was carried out with the mouse cell line L929.
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of method:
in vitro
Endpoint addressed:
other: cytotoxicity
Species:
mouse
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Cell line: mouse cell line L929
- Reasons for the Choice of the Cell Line: the ATCC, CCL 1 NCTC clone 929 (clone of strain L, mouse connective tissue) cell line has been used for many years in in vitro experiments with success. Especially the high and established proliferation time rate (doubling time: 16 h) and a good viability of untreated cells (as a rule more than 70 %), both necessary for the appropriate performance of the study, recommend the use of this cell line.
- Supplier: LMP, Technical University Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstad.
- Storage: large stocks of the L929 cell line were stored in liquid nitrogen in the cell bank of testing laboratory allowing the repeated use of the same cell culture batch in experiments.
- Propagation: thawed stock cultures were propagated at 37 °C in plastic flasks.
- Seeding: seeding was done with about 2 x 10^5 cells per flask in 6 ml of RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10 % fetal calf serum (FKS).
- Subculturing: the cells were subcultured twice weekly.
- Incubation: the cell cultures were incubated at 37 °C and 4.5 % carbon dioxide atmosphere.
Vehicle:
DMSO
Details on exposure:
On the day of the experiment, the test item was suspended with DMSO. The final concentration of DMSO did not exceed 1.0 % (v/v) in the culture medium (RPMI-medium with 10 % FCS).
Remarks:
39.1, 78.1, 156.3, 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 µg/ml
Control animals:
yes, concurrent no treatment
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
SEEDING OF THE CULTURES
Exponentially growing stock cultures more than 50 % confluent were rinsed with Ca-Mg-free salt solution and treated with Trypsin at 37 °C for 5 minutes. Then the enzymatic digestion was stopped by adding complete culture medium and a single cell suspension was prepared.
The Ca-Mg-free salt solution was composed as follows (per litre): NaCl 8000 mg, KCI 400 mg, Glucose 1000 mg and NaHCO3 350 mg.
Individual wells of 96-well tissue-culture microtitre plates (Greiner) were inoculated with 0.1 ml medium containing 1073 cells. The medium was RPMI 1640 + 10 % FCS (complete medium). The plates were incubated for 24 hours to enable cellular attachment.

TREATMENT
The medium was removed and the cells were re-fed with 0.1 ml treatment medium containing different concentrations of the test item, negative, solvent, and positive control, respectively. All incubations were done at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 4.5 ± 0.5 % CO2.

After an incubation period of 8 h, 3HTdR (5 µCi/ml culture medium, specific activity 20 Ci/mmol) was added to each well. The cells were incubated for further 16 h. Subsequently, the cells were harvested using a 12 well cell harvester and one filter per culture. The filters were washed with deionised water. The filters were dried (at approx. 100 °C) overnight. Each filter was placed in a vial containing 3 ml rotiszint eco plus solution. The amount of 3HTdR on the filter was measured using a LKB Wallac 1219 Rackbeta Liquid Scintillation Counter.
Examinations:
Decrease in number of living cells results in a decrease of 3HTdR incorporated in the cells. The decrease directly correlates to the amount of 3HTdR measured as scintillation counts.
Positive control:
Sodium dodecylsulfate (purity > 99 %).
The positive control was tested in 8 concentrations in a range from 2.5 - 25 µg/ml and was applied 7 times.
Details on results:
EC50-value: could not be determined as viability was not reduced below 50 % of solvent control.

Results with test item

Test group Concentration in µg/ml Scintillation counts* Standard- Deviation Chem. Blanks Scintillation counts in % of solvent control**
Negative control 25405.8 7652.4 345.0 111.2
Solvent control 22929.1 5360.9 394.0 100.0
Test item 39.1 25680.9 6942.6 301.6 112.6
Test item 78.1 24735.1 6945.9 421.8 107.9
Test item 156.3 25187.6 7733.1 560.0 109.3
Test item 312.5 22470.5 4838.5 439.7 97.8
Test item 625.0 15246.8 3799.8 138.2 67.0
Test item 1250.0 32587.5 4919.5 115.2 144.1
Test item 2500.0 23288.5 5378.7 358.1 101.8
Test item 5000.0 24206.6 4839.9 234.0 106.4

* mean scintillation counts (absolute) of 7 wells

**scintillation counts in % of solvent control: [100 x (cound speciem) / (count speciem solvent control)]

POSITIVE CONTROL

Test group Concentration in µg/ml Scintillation counts* Standard- Deviation Chem. Blanks Scintillation counts in % of solvent control**
Negative control 22619.6 10278.6 267.5 128.7
Solvent control 19925.6 5627.5 2551.9 100.0
SDS 2.5 22435.5 9295.5 1259.8 121.9
SDS 5.0 21564.7 4405.1 1199.9 117.2
SDS 7.5 20842.1 4526.2 1060.6 113.9
SDS 10.0 23253.4 12332.5 101.0 133.3
SDS 12.5 3241.5 7177.0 114.3 18.0
SDS 15.0 540.2 565.8 285.2 1.5
SDS 20.0 378.4 442.4 132.7 1.4
SDS 25.0 21156.7 9220.1 163.2 120.8***

* mean scintillation counts (absolute) of 7 wells

**scintillation counts in % of solvent control: [100 x (cound speciem) / (count speciem solvent control)]

*** pipetting error during treatment

EC50-value: 11.8 µg/ml

Conclusions:
The test item does not possess any cytotoxic potential.
Executive summary:

The in vitro study was performed to assess the cytotoxic potential of test item by means of the XTT test using the mouse cell line L929. The following concentrations of the test item were tested: 39.1, 78.1, 156.3, 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 µg/ml.

Culture medium (RPMI containing 10 % (v/v) FCS) was used as negative control. The solvent control was RPMI medium containing 10 % (v/v) FCS and 1.0 % DMSO. SDS was used as positive control.

The incubation time was 24 hours at 37 °C.

The negative control and the solvent control showed no relevant reduction in cell viability and cell proliferation.

The positive control (SDS) induced a distinct dose-related reduction in cell viability and cell proliferation. The calculated EC50 value is 11.8 µg/ml.

At the highest concentration of 250 µg/ml viability was reduced to 0.4 % of the solvent control.

No relevant cytotoxic effects were observed following incubation with test item up to the highest tested concentration (5000 µg/ml). A slight reduction at a concentration of 625 µg/ml only, can be considered as not relevant, since the viability was more than 100 % at higher concentrations. Due to the lack of cytotoxicity, no EC50 values could be calculated.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be stated that under the experimental conditions reported, the test item does not possess any cytotoxic potential.

Endpoint:
cytotoxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
From November 05 to December 12, 2003
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO10993, published by the International Organization for Standardization: "Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices" Part 5, Chapter 8.2, 1992 and Part 12, 1996
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: USP 25-NF20 supplement 2 "Biological Reactivity Tests, in vitro" Chapter 87, 2002; does not include the "USP Negative Control Plastic Reference Standard" and "USP Positive Bioreaction Extract Reference Standard" because these Standards are not available.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The study was performed to assess the cytotoxicity potential of the test item by means of the cytotoxicity in vitro test for soluble test items. The test was carried out with the mouse cell line L929.
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of method:
in vitro
Endpoint addressed:
other: cytotoxicity
Species:
mouse
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Cell line: mouse cell line L929
- Reasons for the Choice of the Cell Line: the ATCC, CCL 1 NCTC clone 929 (clone of strain L, mouse connective tissue) cell line has been used for many years in in vitro experiments with success. Especially the high and established proliferation time rate (doubling time: 16 h) and a good viability of untreated cells (as a rule more than 70 %), both necessary for the appropriate performance of the study, recommend the use of this cell line.
- Supplier: LMP, Technical University Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstad.
- Storage: large stocks of the L929 cell line were stored in liquid nitrogen in the cell bank of testing laboratory allowing the repeated use of the same cell culture batch in experiments.
- Propagation: thawed stock cultures were propagated at 37 °C in plastic flasks.
- Seeding: seeding was done with about 2 × 10^5 cells per flask in 6 ml of RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10 % fetal calf serum (FKS).
- Subculturing: the cells were subcultured twice weekly.
- Incubation: the cell cultures were incubated at 37 °C and 4.5 % carbon dioxide atmosphere.
Vehicle:
DMSO
Details on exposure:
On the day of the experiment, the test item was suspended with DMSO. The final concentration of DMSO did not exceed 1.0 % (v/v) in the culture medium (RPMI-medium with 10 % FCS).
Remarks:
plate 1: 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml
Remarks:
plate 2: 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml
Control animals:
yes, concurrent no treatment
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
SEEDING OF THE CULTURES
Exponentially growing stock cultures more than 50 % confluent were rinsed with Ca-Mg-free salt solution and treated with Trypsin at 37 °C for 5 minutes. Then the enzymatic digestion was stopped by adding complete culture medium and a single cell suspension was prepared.
The Ca-Mg-free salt solution was composed as follows (per litre): NaCl 8000 mg, KCI 400 mg, Glucose 1000 mg and NaHCO3 350 mg.
Individual wells of 96-well tissue-culture microtitre plates (Greiner) were inoculated with 0.1 ml medium containing 1230 cells. The medium was RPMI 1640 + 10 % FCS (complete medium). The plates were incubated for 24 hours to enable cellular attachment.

TREATMENT
The medium was removed and the cells were re-fed with 0.1 ml treatment medium containing different concentrations of the test item, negative, solvent, and positive control, respectively. All incubations were done at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 4.5 ± 0.5 % CO2.

After an incubation period of 8 h, 3HTdR (5 µCi/ml culture medium, specific activity 20 Ci/mmol) was added to each well. The cells were incubated for further 16 h. Subsequently, the cells were harvested using a 12- well cell harvester and one filter per culture. The filters were washed with deionised water. The filters were dried (at approx. 100 °C) overnight. Each filter was placed in a vial containing 3 ml rotiszint eco plus solution. The amount of 3HTdR on the filter was measured using a LKB Wallac 1219 Rackbeta Liquid Scintillation Counter.
Examinations:
Decrease in number of living cells results in a decrease of 3HTdR incorporated in the cells. The decrease directly correlates to the amount of 3HTdR measured as scintillation counts.
Positive control:
Sodium dodecylsulfate (purity > 99 %).
The positive control was tested in 8 concentrations in a range from 3.1 - 250 µg/ml and was applied 7 times.
Details on results:
Plate 1 EC50-value: could not be determined as viability was not reduced below 50 % of solvent control.
Plate 2 EC50-value: could not be determined as viability was not reduced below 50 % of solvent control.

Results with test item Plate 1

Test group Concentration in µg/ml Scintillation counts* Standard- Deviation Scintillation counts in % of solvent control**
Negative control - 9034.1 2000.1 70.4
Solvent control - 12833.0 1431.0 100.0
Test item 0.39 13991.1 2079.7 109.0
Test item 0.78 16359.9 2345.0 127.5
Test item 1.56 13219.9 1773.4 103.0
Test item 3.13 14222.1 1628.1 110.8
Test item 6.25 14158.3 1883.1 110.3
Test item 12.5 14765.0 1352.8 115.1
Test item 25 16290.0 2965.4 126.9
Test item 50 14868.8 2020.0 115.9

Shaded cells represent dose groups where test item precipitation occured

* mean scintillation counts (absolute) of 7 wells

**scintillation counts in % of solvent control: [100 x (cound speciem) / (count speciem solvent control)]

Results with test item Plate 2

Test group Concentration in µg/ml Scintillation counts* Standard- Deviation Scintillation counts in % of solvent control**
Negative control - 6307.1 1342.5 81.8
Solvent control - 7707.3 2000.1 100.0
Test item 62.5 10951.0 1826.3 142.1
Test item 125 10001.7 1499.1 129.8
Test item 250 8511.2 1208.3 110.4
Test item 500 8271.8 1174.4 107.3
Test item 1000 6979.4 2118.7 90.6

Shaded cells represent dose groups where test item precipitation occured

* mean scintillation counts (absolute) of 7 wells

**scintillation counts in % of solvent control: [100 x (cound speciem) / (count speciem solvent control)]

POSITIVE CONTROL

Test group Concentration in µg/ml Scintillation counts* Standard- Deviation Scintillation counts in % of solvent control**
Negative control - 7428.5 32.7 84.6
Solvent control - 8783.7 3445.9 100.0
SDS 3.13 9357.1 4446.2 106.5
SDS 6.25 9256.3 3948.8 105.4
SDS 12.5 8162.4 3777.8 92.9
SDS 25 9455.1 5737.1 107.6
SDS 50 7005.4 3753.4 79.8
SDS 100 2495.7 1805.5 28.4
SDS 125 39.3 20.4 0.4
SDS 250 34.1 17.9 0.4

* mean scintillation counts (absolute) of 7 wells

**scintillation counts in % of solvent control: [100 x (cound speciem) / (count speciem solvent control)]

EC50-value: 79.0 µg/ml

Conclusions:
The test item does not possess any cytotoxic potential.
Executive summary:

The in vitro study was performed to assess the cytotoxic potential of test item by means of the XTT test using the mouse cell line L929. The following concentrations of the test item were tested: 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml. At higher concentrations no stable suspension of test item in DMSO could be achieved. Therefore, the test item could not be tested up to 5000 µg/ml.

Culture medium (RPMI containing 10 % (v/v) FCS) was used as negative control. The solvent control was RPMI medium containing 10 % (v/v) FCS and 1.0 % DMSO. SDS was used as positive control.

The incubation time was 24 hours at 37 °C.

The negative control and the solvent control showed no relevant reduction in cell viability and cell proliferation.

The positive control (SDS) induced a distinct dose-related reduction in cell viability and cell proliferation. The calculated EC50 value is 79.0 µg/ml.

At the highest concentration of 250 µg/ml viability was reduced to 0.4 % of the solvent control.

No cytotoxic effects were observed following incubation with test item up to the highest tested concentration (1000 µg/ml). Due to the lack of cytotoxicity, no EC50 value could be calculated.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be stated that under the experimental conditions reported, the test item does not possess any cytotoxic potential.

Endpoint:
cytotoxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
April from 01 to 16, 2004
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO10993, published by the International Organization for Standardization: "Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices" Part 5, Chapter 8.2, 1992 and Part 12, 1996
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: USP 25-NF20 supplement 2 "Biological Reactivity Tests, in vitro" Chapter 87, 2002; does not include the "USP Negative Control Plastic Reference Standard" and "USP Positive Bioreaction Extract Reference Standard" because these Standards are not available.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The study was performed to assess the cytotoxicity potential of the test item by means of the cytotoxicity in vitro test for soluble test items. The test was carried out with the mouse cell line L929.
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of method:
in vitro
Endpoint addressed:
other: cytotoxicity
Species:
mouse
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Cell line: mouse cell line L929
- Reasons for the Choice of the Cell Line: the ATCC, CCL 1 NCTC clone 929 (clone of strain L, mouse connective tissue) cell line has been used for many years in in vitro experiments with success. Especially the high and established proliferation time rate (doubling time: 16 h) and a good viability of untreated cells (as a rule more than 70 %), both necessary for the appropriate performance of the study, recommend the use of this cell line.
- Supplier: LMP, Technical University Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstad.
- Storage: large stocks of the L929 cell line were stored in liquid nitrogen in the cell bank of testing laboratory allowing the repeated use of the same cell culture batch in experiments.
- Propagation: thawed stock cultures were propagated at 37 °C in plastic flasks.
- Seeding: seeding was done with about 2 × 10^5 cells per flask in 6 ml of RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10 % fetal calf serum (FKS).
- Subculturing: the cells were subcultured twice weekly.
- Incubation: the cell cultures were incubated at 37 °C and 4.5 % carbon dioxide atmosphere.
Vehicle:
DMSO
Details on exposure:
On the day of the experiment, the test item was suspended with DMSO. The final concentration of DMSO in the culture medium did not exceed 1.0 % (v/v).
Remarks:
7.8, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml
Control animals:
yes, concurrent no treatment
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
SEEDING OF THE CULTURES
Exponentially growing stock cultures more than 50 % confluent were rinsed with Ca-Mg-free salt solution and treated with Trypsin at 37 °C for 5 minutes. Then the enzymatic digestion was stopped by adding complete culture medium and a single cell suspension was prepared.
The Ca-Mg-free salt solution was composed as follows (per litre): NaCl 8000 mg, KCI 400 mg, Glucose 1000 mg and NaHCO3 350 mg.
Individual wells of 96-well tissue-culture microtitre plates (Greiner) were inoculated with 0.1 ml medium containing 1000 cells. The medium was RPMI 1640 + 10 % FCS (complete medium). The plates were incubated for 24 hours to enable cellular attachment.

TREATMENT
The medium was removed and the cells were re-fed with 0.1 ml treatment medium containing different concentrations of the test item, negative, solvent, and positive control, respectively. All incubations were done at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 4.5 ± 0.5 % CO2.

After an incubation period of 8 h, 3HTdR (5 µCi/ml culture medium, specific activity 20 Ci/mmol) was added to each well. The cells were incubated for further 16 h. Subsequently, the cells were harvested using a 12- well cell harvester and one filter per culture. The filters were washed with deionised water. The filters were dried (at approx. 100 °C) overnight. Each filter was placed in a vial containing 3 ml rotiszint eco plus solution. The amount of 3HTdR on the filter was measured using a LKB Wallac 1219 Rackbeta Liquid Scintillation Counter.
Examinations:
Decrease in number of living cells results in a decrease of 3HTdR incorporated in the cells. The decrease directly correlates to the amount of 3HTdR measured as scintillation counts.
Positive control:
Sodium dodecylsulfate (purity > 99 %).
The positive control was tested in 8 concentrations in a range from 3.1 - 250 µg/ml and was applied 7 times.
Details on results:
EC50-value: could not be determined as viability was not reduced.

Results with test item

Test group Concentration in µg/ml Scintillation counts* Standard- Deviation Relative scintillation in % of solvent control**
Negative control 8903 2005 108.4
Solvent control 8090 941 100.0
Test item 7.8 9103 671 110.9
Test item 15.6 8428 1149 102.6
Test item 31.25 7642 1324 93.1
Test item 62.5 9200 966 112.0
Test item 125 10552 2006 128.5
Test item 250 8552 665 104.1
Test item 500 9509 1095 115.8
Test item 1000 9346 991 113.8

* mean scintillation counts (absolute) of 7 wells

**scintillation counts in % of solvent control: [100 x (cound speciem) / (count speciem solvent control)]

POSITIVE CONTROL

Test group Concentration in µg/ml Scintillation counts* Standard- Deviation Scintillation in % of solvent control**
Negative control 6961 1257 110.8
Solvent control 6284 823 100.0
SDS 3.125 6619 1071 105.3
SDS 6.25 6662 881 106.0
SDS 12.5 5518 825 87.8
SDS 25 6785 1074 108.0
SDS 50.0 7335 1548 116.7
SDS 100.0 6412 2782 102.0
SDS 125.0 33 9 0.5
SDS 250.0 20 4 0.3

* mean scintillation counts (absolute) of 7 wells

**scintillation counts in % of solvent control: [100 x (cound speciem) / (count speciem solvent control)]

EC50-value: 112.8 µg/ml

Conclusions:
The test item does not possess any cytotoxic potential.
Executive summary:

The in vitro study was performed to assess the cytotoxic potential of test item by means of the XTT test using the mouse cell line L929. The following concentrations of the test item were tested: 7.8, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 µg/ml.

Culture medium (RPMI containing 10 % (v/v) FCS) was used as negative control. The solvent control was RPMI medium containing 10 % (v/v) FCS and 1.0 % DMSO. SDS was used as positive control.

The incubation time was 8 hours at 37 °C.

The negative control and the solvent control showed no relevant reduction in cell viability.

The positive control (SDS) induced a distinct dose-related reduction in cell viability and cell proliferation. The calculated EC50 value is 112.8 µg/ml.

No relevant cytotoxic etfects were observed following incubation with test item up to the highest tested concentration (1000 µg/ml). Due to the lack of cytotoxicity, no EC50 values could be calculated.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be stated that under the experimental conditions reported, the test item does not possess any cytotoxic potential.

Description of key information

The test item does not possess any cytotoxic potential.

Additional information

Three in vitro experiments were performed to assess the cytotoxic potential of test item, by means of the XTT test using the mouse cell line L929.

Considering all experiments, the concentrations tested cover a range from 0.39 up to 5000 µg/ml; test item was dissolved in DMSO in one case and in culture medium RPMI in the other two cases. The experiments were performed under comparable conditions. The incubation duration was of 24 hours in two experiments and 8 hours in the third.

In the experiment in which test item was dissolved in DMSO, no cytotoxic effects were observed following incubation up to the highest tested concentration of 1000 µg/ml.

No relevant cytotoxic effects were observed following incubation with test item and RPMI up to 5000 µg/ml; a slight reduction recorded at a concentration of 625 µg/ml only was judged as not relevant, since the viability was more than 100 % at higher concentrations.

Comparable results were obtained in the second experiment conducted with test item dissolved in RPMI culture medium. No relevant cytotoxic effects were observed following incubation up to 1000 µg/ml. Due to the lack of cytotoxicity, no EC50 values could be calculated.