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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 205-599-4 | CAS number: 143-33-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Remarks:
- Migrated phrase: estimated by calculation
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- A review of experimental data on cyanides was undertaken by an ECETOC Task Force, and published as the 2007 ECETOC Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals ( JACC ) Report No. 53, “Cyanides of Hydrogen, Sodium and Potassium, and Acetone Cyanohydrin (CAS No. 74-90-8, 143-33-9, 151-50-8 and 75-86-5)”. The report is a weight of evidence approach to an extensive body of literature by this scientific non-governmental organization (NGO). This group evaluated this study and judged the methods and results to be valid and consistent with other data.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: Literature review
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Comprehensive literature review and recalculation/integration of data by the ECETOC Task Force on Cyanides.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hydrogen cyanide
- EC Number:
- 200-821-6
- EC Name:
- Hydrogen cyanide
- Cas Number:
- 74-90-8
- IUPAC Name:
- cyanide
Constituent 1
Method
- Subjects:
- various species of animals, including goats and monkeys.
- Route of exposure:
- inhalation
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Details on exposure:
- See Barcroft, 1931, for methods. Animals were exposed in a free-standing chamber with an air-lock at the entrance.
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- A four hour LD50 value for humans is estimated to be 103 mg/m3. The LD01 is estimated to be 45 mg/m3.
- Outcome of incidence:
- determination of LD50 value
Any other information on results incl. tables
The work of Barcroft (1931) and McNamara (1976) indicate that the sensitivity of humans is comparable to that of monkeys and goats. On this basis, the ECETOC Task Force combined the observations on goats and monkeys into one group. The LC50 and the LC01 values of this combined group were estimated, for a 4 hour exposure, to be 103 mg/m3 and 45 mg/m3, respectively. These values are believed be a good estimate of the sensitivity of the acute inhalation toxicity of HCN to humans. The LC50 estimates fit well with accidental and intentional exposure, as reported elsewhere.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The ECETOC Task Force on Cyanides reviewed literature on acute inhalation toxicity of cyanides among various species, with the aim of estimating the LD50 for humans. The major data source is a 1931 study by Barcroft, which, though dated, provides information amenable to extrapolation to humans. A four hour LD50 value for humans is estimated to be 103 mg/m3. The LD01 is estimated to be 45 mg/m3.
Hydrogen cyanide (Index No.006-006-00-X) and salts of hydrogen cyanides (Index No.006-007-00-5) are both listed in Annex VI, Table 3.1 of Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, entry 006-007-00-5, and are restricted in comparable ways taking into account physical characteristics. Thus, the assignment of potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide to a chemical category does not result in a less protective regulatory status.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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