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EC number: 259-627-5 | CAS number: 55406-53-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 2003-12-17 to 2004-05-24
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Proposal for Updating Guideline 208, Draft Document July 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Batch No.: 0306-8715A
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: Two aliquots (soil samples of 200 g each) of the highest and lowest test rate were taken immediately after mixing the treated sand into the soil. Four aliquots (200 g/aliquot) of the solvent control were prepared the day after application using the same materials and conditions.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: kept deep frozen for a possible later analysis - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil: small amounts of the test item were dissolved in 10 mL of acetone (99.8 %) and mixed with fine quartz sand under a fume hood until the solvent is evaporated and then mixed into soil using a laboratory mixer for approximately 10 minutes. Equal amounts of sand (1.58 % of soil fresh weight) and solvent (10 mL acetone) were added to all treatment groups.
- Controls: The untreated control soil was mixed with the same amount of untreated sand as the treatment groups.
- Solvent control: The solvent control soil was mixed with the same amount of acetone treated sand as the treatment groups.
- Chemical name of vehicle: Acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: 10 mL acetone per treatment group
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: yes - Species:
- Avena sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Oat
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: Freddy
- Source of seed: Saatenunion, Hannover, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: untreated - Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Soybean
- Plant family: Fabaceae
- Source of seed: Syringa, Hilzingen-Binningen, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: untreated - Species:
- Brassica napus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Oilseed rape
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Spirit
- Source of seed: Syngenta Seeds, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: untreated - Test type:
- seedling emergence and seedling growth test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 26 d
- Test temperature:
- day: 24 °C
night: 18 °C - pH:
- 6.3 ± 0.4
- Moisture:
- day: 55 %
night: 60 % - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON GmbH
- Test container: Commercial plastic pots, diameter 12 cm and 14 cm
- Amount of soil: 30 kg for concentrationa 3.23 to 50.4 mg/kg dry soil, 22 kg for 126 mg/kg dry soil, 10 kg for 1.29 mg/kg dry soil; acetone control and untreated control - 30 kg soil
- Method of seeding: manual sowing
- No. of seeds per container: 5
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 8
40 seeds per species and treatment group were tested.
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE
- The soil was analysed before the test:
Lufa 2.3 (sandy loam; USDA)
all particles smaller than 0.2 cm
1.02 + 0.17 % organic carbon
pH 6.3 ± 0.4
GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light / 8 hours dark
- Light intensity and quality: 5090 to 16500 Lux
- Day/night temperatures: 24 / 18 °C
- Relative humidity (%): 55 - 60
- Interval of applications: after daily spot check
- Method of application: bottom watering through saucers
- Any fertilization: Flory 9 (Euflor) 1 g/L with Sequestren (Ciba-Geigy) 0.05 g/L was given after development of the first true leaves. Fertilizer was given one to three times a week depending on the development of the plants.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.5
- Test concentrations: 125, 50, 20, 8, 3.2, 1.28 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: Control, Solvent Control, 125, 50, 20, 8, 3.2, 1.28 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.92 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- 3.11 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.28 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 1.28 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Key result
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.89 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- 1.64 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Key result
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Key result
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 12.12 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- 6.18 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Key result
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 3.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Details on results:
- Fresh weight, germination and mortality of the plants treated with the test item were compared to those of the control plants.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- In order to determine the EC25 and EC50 values, a regression analysis (Probit-analysis) was performed. For the gemiination and mortality data Fischer Exact Test was used.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 and NOEC for the 3 tested species were determined with the Probit analysis using the fresh weight.
Alena sativa:
EC50 = 4.92 mg a.i./kg soil
NOEC = <1.28 mg a.i./kg soil
Glycine max:
EC50 = 6.89 mg a.i./kg soil
NOEC = 3.20 mg a.i./kg soil
Brassica napus:
EC50 = 12.12 mg a.i./kg soil
NOEC = <3.2 mg a.i./kg soil - Executive summary:
The test substance was tested for effects on the seedling emergence and seedling growth of 3 species out of 3 different plant families followint the Draft Proposal on OECD Guideline 208 (2000). The most sensitive species was Avena sativa with an EC50 of 4.92 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight followed by Glycine max and Brassica napus with EC50 values of 6.89 and 12.12 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight, respectively. The EC50 values were calculated based on fresh weight using Probit analysis.
The test item caused no effect on the germination of the tested species in this study. Mortality was observed at 50 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight for Avena sativa (5 %, not statistically significant) and at 50 and 125 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight for Brassica napus (15 and 19 %, statistically significant). For Glycine max mortality occurred at 125 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight (19 %, statistically significant).
Phytotoxic symptoms were chlorosis, necrosis and growth reduction. 21 days after at least 50 % germination of the control, symptoms were observed at 8 mg a.i./kg and higher concentrations.
Reference
Avena sativa:
Fresh weight was reduced at all tested rates (9 to 99 %). Both control types were not significantly different. The growth stages indicate that at 20 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight and above the growth of the plants was reduced. The germination rate was 98 and 90 % in the acetone and the untreated control, respectively. The germination rate (21 DAG) ranged between 90 and 98 % in the treatment groups. Mortality was not observed 14 days after 50 % germination in the control (DAG). 21 DAG mortality was observed at 50 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight (5 %). Phytotoxic effects (21 DAG), chlorosis and growth depression, was observed at 8 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight and above (5 to 70 %).
Glycine max:
The untreated control and the acetone control were not statistically significant different, therefore they were pooled. Fresh weight was significantly reduced compared to the pooled control at 8 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight and above (52 to 89 %). There growth stages indicate that at 20 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight and above plant growth was reduced. The germination rate (21 DAG) was 80 and 78 % in the acetone and the untreated control, respectively. The germination rate ranged between 73 and 93 % in the treatment groups. Mortality was not observed 14 DAG. 21 DAG mortality was observed at 125 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight (19 %). Phytotoxic effects were chlorosis, necrosis and growth depression. Phytotoxicity (21 DAG) was observed at 8 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight and above (50 to 92 %).
Brassica napus:
The untreated control showed a fresh weight 6 % lower than the control with acetone. Therefore the statistical analysis were performed comparing the treatment groups with the acetone control, only. Fresh weight was statistically significantly reduced at all tested concentrations (19 to 100 %). The growth stages indicate that at 50 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight and above growth stages were reduced. The germination rate (21 DAG) was 98 and 95 % in the acetone and the untreated control, respectively. The germination rate ranged between 90 and 100 % in the treatment groups. Mortality was not observed 14 DAG. 21 DAG mortality was observed at 50 and 125 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight (15 and 19 %, respectively). Phytotoxic effects were chlorosis, necrosis and growth depression. Phytotoxicity was observed at 8 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight and above (1 to 87 %).
Description of key information
In an OECD 208 equivalent study the following results were obtained:
Alena sativa:
EC50 = 4.92 mg a.i./kg soil
NOEC = <1.28 mg a.i./kg soil
Glycine max:
EC50 = 6.89 mg a.i./kg soil
NOEC = 3.20 mg a.i./kg soil
Brassica napus:
EC50 = 12.12 mg a.i./kg soil
NOEC = <3.2 mg a.i./kg soil
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 4.92 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 1.28 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
The test substance was tested for effects on the seedling emergence and seedling growth of 3 species out of 3 different plant families following the Draft Proposal on OECD Guideline 208 (2000). The most sensitive species was Avena sativa with an EC50 of 4.92 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight followed by Glycine max and Brassica napus with EC50 values of 6.89 and 12.12 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight, respectively. The EC50 values were calculated based on fresh weight using Probit analysis.
The test item caused no effect on the germination of the tested species in this study. Mortality was observed at 50 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight for Avena sativa (5 %, not statistically significant) and at 50 and 125 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight for Brassica napus (15 and 19 %, statistically significant). For Glycine max mortality occurred at 125 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight (19 %, statistically significant).
Phytotoxic symptoms were chlorosis, necrosis and growth reduction. 21 days after at least 50 % germination of the control, symptoms were observed at 8 mg a.i./kg and higher concentrations.
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