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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 936-414-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
- Testing is technically not feasible,
- Scientifically not justified,
- The aquatic compartment is not the target compartment for MWCNT.
Aquatic toxicity testing is waived because
Additional information
Based on reliable testing data on dispersion stability (OECD TG 318) the set of MWCNT is very difficult to disperse in the first place, re-agglomerating and adsorbing instantly to glass walls and the sonotrode. A very low dispersion stability under all conditions with natural organic matter (NOM), electrolyte concentrations and pH was found from the OECD TG 318 data, with almost identical results for all triplicates and over all environmental conditions. This demonstrates that the performance of aquatic toxicity tests is technically not feasible.
Further, in reliable tests according to OECD 105 and OECD GD 29 it was impossible to detect any dissolution of the test item. MWCNT are an allotropic form of carbon very similar to graphite, which is known to be insoluble in water due to its chemical structure. The covalently bonded MWCNT lack polarity and thus will not dissolve in water (covalent bonds of high binding enthalpy of 348 kJ/mol for each C-C bond; no hydrolysable functional groups, no enthalpy gain by hydration - no compensation of the binding enthalpy of covalent C-C bonds). Accordingly, any dissolved fraction potentially causing any aquatic toxicity can be excluded with absolute certainty.
MWCNT are large molecules with typically several million carbon atoms and consequently high molecular weight. According to the criteria for low absorption probability given in ECHA guidance chapter R11 (2017), any relevant potential for membrane permeation can be excluded for single MWCNT already. Considering that MWCNT are "entangled", forming assemblies of a bundle diameter in the low µm-range and a bundle length around 30 - 80 µm, even oral absorption can be concluded to be irrelevant with high probability.
Finally, due to their hydrophobic nature MWCNT will associate with sludge solids in the STP and will be efficiently be eliminated via surplus sludge, i.e. removed from the water phase. To account for this, a reliable OECD TG 209 study (activated sludge respiration inhibition test) was performed, resulting in an EC50 (3h) >1000 mg/L. This confirms the conclusions drawn above based on physico-chemical characteristics (non-bioavailable).
Via the sludge to soil pathway, soil is the main target compartment. Accordingly, long-term soil toxicity testing is proposed to exclude any toxicity towards terrestrial organisms.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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