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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
dermal absorption
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Expert judgement combined with experimental data.

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
secondary source
Title:
Human & Evironmental Health Risk Assessment on ingredients of European household cleaning products. Alkyl Sulphates. Environmental Risk assessment. 07 March 2002
Author:
HERA
Year:
2002
Bibliographic source:
http://www.heraproject.com

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:
No guideline exists for this type of appraisal.
GLP compliance:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Reference substance name:
Category of alkyl sulfates
IUPAC Name:
Category of alkyl sulfates
Details on test material:
Various, for details see HERA report and SIDS
Radiolabelling:
other: partly

Test animals

Species:
other: human, rat, guinea-pig
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
not applicable

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:
other: Various, for details see HERA report and SIDS
Vehicle:
not specified
Duration of exposure:
Various, for details see HERA report and SIDS
Doses:
Various, for details see HERA report and SIDS
No. of animals per group:
Various, for details see HERA report and SIDS

Results and discussion

Absorption in different matrices:
Absorption by the percutaneous route is limited, since anionic surfactants tend to bind to the skin surface (Howes, 1975; Black and Howes, 1980). Early studies with isolated human skin were unable to detect penetration of a homologous series of AS, ranging from C8 to C18 (Blank and Gould, 1961). Animal studies confirmed a low level of percutaneous absorption of AS. Less than 0.4% of a 3 μmol dose of 35S-labeled C12AS-Na was percutaneously absorbed in guinea pigs, based on recovery of the radiolabel in urine, faeces and expired air (Prottey and Ferguson, 1975). Studies with rats indicated that pre-washing of the skin with surfactant enhanced AS skin penetration (Black and Howes, 1980).

For consumer exposure, actual dermal absorption is below 1% (Rice, 1977) or very low (Schäfer and Redelmeier, 1996), therefore a default assumption of 1% dermal absorption was taken for deriving the DNEL. Since the dermal absorption decreases with increasing concentration of a solution this percentage can be expanded to workers as a worst case approach.
Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
not applicable

Applicant's summary and conclusion