Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), ext.

Boiling point

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

boiling point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2010

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study according to methodology comparable to international guideline (OECD guideline 103, distillation method).

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 103 (Boiling point/boiling range)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

200 ml (173,8g) of sample were heated by means of a hemispherical heating mantle at ambient pressure (1030 hPa). Bottom and head temperatures and amount of distillate were read and correlated to the distillation time to develop a distillation curve diagram. Extrapolation to standard pressure of 1013 hPa was not performed.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

distillation method

Boiling pt.:

130 °C

Atm. press.:

1 030 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: start boilingpoint. Standard deviation: +/- 30 degrees Celsius

Detailed results

Time (h)	Bottom Temperature (°C)	Head Temperature (°C)	Amount of Distillate (g)	Amount of Distillate (%)	Comments
00:00	21	19	0	0.0
00:08	21	19	0	0.0
00:10	55	19	0	0.0
00:15	96	19	0	0.0
00:17	111	19	0	0.0
00:19	125	19	0	0.0	start of boiling
00:20	133	19	0	0.0
00:21	139	19	0	0.0	retardation of boiling because of refluxing water drops
00:22	146	19	0	0.0
00:23			0	0.0
00:24			0	0.0
00:25	156	19	0	0.0	retardation of boiling because of refluxing water drops
00:27	161	21	0	0.0
00:28	164	22.5	0	0.0
00:29	169	24.5	0	0.0	constant boiling
00:30	169	67	0	0.0
00:31	173	67	0	0.0
00:32	174	101	1	0.6
00:33	176	86	1.05	0.6
00:34	178	106	1.05	0.6
00:35	180	100	1.55	0.9
00:36	181	124	2.6	1.6
00:37
00:38		151	6	3.7
00:39		163	7.75	4.7
00:40		166	10.6	6.5
00:41		168	13.15	8.0

At ambient air pressure of 1030 hPa the following observations were made:

-  The sample of lime oil distilled 1-fold started to boil at a bottom temperature of 125 °C.

- First distillate was obtained at 101 °C (head temperature).

- Distillate was obtained as a two-phase mixture of water and distilled oil (lime oil distilled 1-fold is saturated with water).

- Because of refluxing water drops boiling was slightly discontinuous in the beginning (retardation of boiling because of refluxing water drops).

- Head temperature reached a plateau at 168 °C.

- Bottom temperature reached a plateau at 180 °C

Conclusions:

The start boiling point of distilled lime oil is 130 degrees Celsius.

Executive summary:

The start boiling point of distilled lime oil was determined according to methodology comparable to OECD guideline 103 using the distillation method. The boiling point was found to be 130 +/- 40 degrees Celsius at 1020 hPa.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

boiling point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2010

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study according to methodology comparable to international guideline (OECD guideline 103, distillation method).

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 103 (Boiling point/boiling range)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

200 ml (166.5 g) of sample were heated by means of a hemispherical heating mantle at ambient pressure (1020 hPa). Bottom and head temperatures and amount of distillate were read and correlated to the distillation time to develop a distillation curve diagram. Extrapolation to standard pressure of 1013 hPa was not performed.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

distillation method

Boiling pt.:

150 °C

Atm. press.:

1 020 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: start boilingpoint . Standard deviation: +/- 30 degrees Celsius

Detailed results

Time (h)	Bottom Temperature (°C)	Head Temperature (°C)	Amount of Distillate (g)	Amount of Distillate (%)	Comments
00:00	21	22	0	0.0
00:05	43	23	0	0.0
00:10	88	22	0	0.0
00:15	134	22	0	0.0
00:16				0.0
00:17	150	22	0	0.0
00:18	156	22	0	0.0	start of boiling
00:19	163	22	0	0.0
00:20	167	23	0	0.0	continuous boiling
00:21	171	25	0	0.0
00:22	175	33	0	0.0
00:23	177	45	0	0.0
00:24	178	123	0.35	0.2	First distillate
00:25	179	144	1.7	1.0
00:26	180	155	3.5	2.1
00:27	181	160	5.6	3.4
00:28	181	163	8.4	5.1
00:30		165	11.45	7.0
00:31		165	14.15	8.6
00:32		164	16.7	10.2
00:33		164	19.8	12.1
00:34		165	22.9	14.0
00:35	178	165	24.9	15.2

At ambient air pressure of 1020 hPa the following observations were made:

- The sample of lime oil cold pressed 1-fold started to boil at a bottom temperature of 156 °C.

- First distillate was obtained at 123 °C (head temperature).

Head temperature reached a plateau at 165 °C.

·       Bottom temperature reached a plateau at 180 °C

Conclusions:

The start boiling point of cold pressed lime oil is 150 degrees Celsius.

Executive summary:

Thestart boiling point of cold pressed lime oil was determined according to methodology comparable to OECD guideline 103 using the distillation method. The boiling point was found to be 150 +/- 30 degrees Celsius at 1020 hPa.

Description of key information

- Distilled lime oil starts to boil at 130 degrees Celsius.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Boiling point at 101 325 Pa:

130 °C

Additional information

In a key study according to methodology comparable to OECD guideline 103 the boiling point of distilled lime oil was determined using the distillation method. Distilled lime oil was found to start boiling at 130 +/- 40 degrees Celsius at 1020 hPa. A supporting study on cold-pressed lime oil reported a boiling point of 150 +/- 30 degrees Celsius at 1020 hPa.