Yttrium

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 2017-08-29 to 2018-03

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 492 (Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Version / remarks:

28 July 2015

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Yttrium

EC Number:

231-174-8

EC Name:

Yttrium

Cas Number:

7440-65-5

Molecular formula:

Y

IUPAC Name:

yttrium

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Details on test material:

- Name: Yttrium
- Form: solid
- Description: grey powder (dark grey to black)
- Storage conditions: controlled room temperature (15-25°C, ≤ 70 RH%), in the dark (or protected from light)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- No correction factor was applied in this study.
- The test item was used in its original form, as supplied by the Sponsor.

Test animals / tissue source

Species:

human

Strain:

other: Reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (tissues)

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

- Source: MatTek, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Expiry date: The EpiOcular tissues were used within 72 hours of their production.
- Selection: At receipt, the tissues were inspected for obvious defects as they could have been rejected based on blistering, excess fluid or air bubbles below the tissue insert. Cultures with air bubbles under the insert covering greater than 50% of the insert area were not used.
- Storage conditions: At receipt, the living EpiOcular tissues were stored on their day of arrival, at 37°C, 5% CO2, in a humidified incubator.
- Description of the cell system used: The EpiOcularTM model consists of an airlifted, living, multilayered ocular tissue construction (surface 0.60 cm²), reconstructed from normal (non-transformed) human-derived keratinocytes. This is a non-keratinised epithelium which models the corneal epithelium with progressively stratified, but not cornified cells. The cells are cultured in proprietary serum-free culture media, which induces corneal differentiation and the formation of the organotype 3D cornea-like model. The 3D tissue consists of highly organised cell layers similar to that found in the cornea. The model features a normal ultra-structure and is functionally equivalent to human in vivo tissue.

Test system

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 51 mg (± 1 mg)

NEGATIVE CONTROL (sterile deionised water)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50 μL

POSITIVE CONTROL (99% methyl acetate)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50 μL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

6 hours (± 15 minutes)

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

18 hours (± 15 minutes)

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

2

Details on study design:

Details of the test procedure used:
- RhCE tissue construct used, including batch number: EpiOcular tissue, MatTek, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Batch number documented in a certificate of analysis archived in the study files.
- Duration and temperature of exposure, post-exposure immersion and post-exposure incubation periods (where applicable): Exposure for 6 hours at 37°C, then (after rinsing with Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline) soaked in assay medium for 25 minutes at room temperature, blotted, and then incubated for 18 hours at 37°C.
- Indication of controls used for direct MTT-reducers and/or colouring test chemicals (if applicable): As the test item was found in the preliminary test not to have any colouring potential and any direct MTT reducing properties, no additional controls were run during the main test.
- Wavelength used for quantifying MTT formazan: 570 nm
- Description of the method used to quantify MTT formazan: MTT formazan precipicates are extracted using isopropanol and quantified using spectrophotometry. Formazan extraction was performed during 2 to 3 hours at room temperature by placing the plates on an orbital plate shaker.
- Description of evaluation criteria used including the justification for the selection of the cut-off point for the prediction model: A test substance is predicted as ocular irritant, if the mean relative tissue viability (%) of two tissues exposed to the test item is ≤ 60%.
- Positive and negative control means and acceptance ranges based on historical data: Negative control acceptance criteria: mean cOD between 0.8 and 2.5. Positive control acceptance criteria: relative mean viability of the positive control is < 50% of the relative mean viability of the negative control.
- Acceptable variability between tissue replicates for the test chemical: Acceptable if the difference of viability between the two tissue replicates is < 20%.

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Irritation parameter:

other: relative viability in %

Run / experiment:

mean of duplicate tissues

Value:

105

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

Other effects / acceptance of results:

OTHER EFFECTS
- Visible damage on test system: No

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: Yes. Mean cOD for the two replicate tissues was 1.506 and 1.623.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Yes. 25 and 29% viability was observed for the two tissue replicates in the positive control, whereas 96 and 104% viability was observed for the two tissue replicates in the negative control. The relative mean viability in the positive control is hence < 50% of that in the negative control.
- Acceptable variability between replicate tissues treated with test item: Yes. A difference of only 2% was obtained between the replicate tissues.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The test item was tested for its eye irritation potential in a Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium assay performed according to OECD guideline 492. Since mean viability in the treated tissues after MTT reduction was 105%, which is higher than the cut-off level of 60%, the test results meet the criteria for a non-irritant response. Therefore, the test substance is not to be classified for eye irritation under the CLP Regulation.