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EC number: 206-460-0 | CAS number: 345-35-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 12 NOV 2019 to 24 APR 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 020
- Report date:
- 2020
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted March 23, 2006, corrected July 28, 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- August 24, 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Reference substance 001
- Cas Number:
- 345-35-7
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The identity of the analyte was confirmed by comparison of the retention time with the retention time of a standard solution prepared from the test item.
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations:
100, 32, 10, 3.2 and 1.0 mg test item/L (spacing factor 3.16), corresponding to following time weighted averaged measured concentrations of the test item:
11.7, 3.63, 1.19, 0.459 and 0.149 mg test item/L, and a control.
- Sampling method:
The samples were taken from the biological phase of the study. Duplicate samples from the freshly prepared test media (containing algae) of all test concentrations and from the control were taken at the start of the test.
For the determination of the stability of the test item under the test conditions and of the maintenance of the test item concentrations during the test period, duplicate samples from the test media of all test concentrations and the control (containing algae) were taken at the end of the test (after the 72 hours test period).
Additional samples of the control and of the dilution solvent were taken at each sampling without any sample treatment.
The concentrations of the test item 2-Fluorobenzyl chloride were analysed in the duplicate test media samples from all test concentrations and in the duplicate control samples, from both sampling times (0 and 72 hours).
- Sample storage conditions before analysis:
All samples from test start were stored in a freezer (≤ - 20 °C), protected from light until analysis was performed, samples from test end were analysed directly after sampling.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A stock solution of 100 mg test item/L was prepared by dissolving 101.1 mg test item into 1011 mL test water by intense stirring for 6 hours and ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes. Adequate volumes of this stock solution were diluted with test water to prepare the test media of the desired test concentrations.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,
- Strain: 61.81 SAG
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): The algae were originally supplied by the „Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Göttingen", 37073 Göttingen, Germany. The algae were cultivated in the laboratories of ibacon under standardised conditions.
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): The cells were taken from an exponentially growing pre-culture, which was set up 3 days prior to the test start under the same conditions as in the test.
- Method of cultivation: The algae were cultivated in the laboratory under standardised conditions according to the test guidelines.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 days.
- Culturing media and conditions: same as the test.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- Reconstituted Water (OECD Medium)
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Calculated water hardness of the test water: 0.24 mmol/L (= 24 mg/L) as CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- Water temperature: 21.8 to 22.8 °C
- pH:
- pH values in the control at test start: 8.0
pH values in the Control at test end: 9.6
pH values in the test item treatments at test start: 8.0 to 8.1,
pH values in the test item treatments at test end: 8.0 to 9.7. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 100, 32, 10, 3.2 and 1.0 mg test item/L
Time weighted average concentrations: 11.7, 3.63, 1.19, 0.459 and 0.149 mg test item/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 50 mL volume, covered with air permeable glass dishes, stoppers or caps
- Initial cells density: 5000 cells per mL
- Control end cells density: 242.9-fold increase within 72 hours
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): three replicates per concentration
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): six replicates per concentration
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, OECD medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: The pH was adjusted with 1 M HCl 1 M NaOH to pH 8.1.
- Photoperiod: Continuous illumination
- Mean light intensity: 5285 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: spectrophotometric measurement
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.16
- Test concentrations: 100, 32, 10, 3.2 and 1.0 mg test item/L (nominal) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (tested at least twice a year)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.52 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.459 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: 72-hour EC50 = 1.34 mg/L
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The influence of 2-Fluorobenzyl chloride on the growth of the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was assessed in a static concentration-response test. The 72-hour EyC50 was calculated to be 1.57 mg test item/L, and the 72-hour ErC50 value was calculated to be 2.52 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOEyC was determined to be 0.459 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOEyC was 1.19 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOErC was determined to be 0.459 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOErC was 1.19 mg test item/L.
The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were examined in the analytical part. All reported results refer to time weighted mean concentrations (TWA), since the test item concentrations were not within ± 20 % of the nominal or measured initial concentrations during the test. - Executive summary:
The purpose of this test was to determine the inhibitory effect of the test item 2-Fluorobenzyl chloride on the growth of the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Exponentially growing cultures of this unicellular green algal species were exposed to various concentrations of the test item under defined conditions. The inhibition of growth in relation to control cultures was determined over a test period of 72 hours. The test concentrations used were 100, 32, 10, 3.2 and 1.0 mg test item/L (spacing factor 3.16), corresponding to following time weighted averaged measured concentrations of 11.7, 3.63, 1.19, 0.459 and 0.149 mg test item/L, and a control.
The 72-hour EyC50 was calculated to be 1.57 mg test item/L, and the 72-hour ErC50 value was calculated to be 2.52 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOEyC was determined to be 0.459 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOEyC was 1.19 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOErC was determined to be 0.459 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOErC was 1.19 mg test item/L.
The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were examined in the analytical part. All reported results refer to time weighted mean concentrations (TWA), since the test item concentrations were not within ± 20 % of the nominal or measured initial concentrations during the test.
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