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EC number: 238-430-8 | CAS number: 14450-05-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 02 - 24 Aug 2011
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Decanoic acid, mixed esters with heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, pentaerythritol and valeric acid
- EC Number:
- 275-118-0
- EC Name:
- Decanoic acid, mixed esters with heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, pentaerythritol and valeric acid
- Cas Number:
- 71010-76-9
- IUPAC Name:
- 71010-76-9
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Treatment, control
- Sampling method: Samples were taken from each fresh treatment WAF and the corresponding old solutions (three individual replicates) to determine the Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF) concentration stability. The analysis was conducted at 4 different time points for both the fresh and old solutions during the duration of the test. Samples were collected in duplicate in 30 mL vials with PTFE lined screw cap lids with no headspace.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were all analyzed on the day of collection so refrigeration was not necessary.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A water-accommodated fraction (WAF) was tested. The WAF was prepared by adding the appropriate amount of the test substance to the dilution water in glass aspirator bottles using a plastic syringes. The syringes were weighed with and without the test substance to determine the actualloading rate. The vessels were sealed with foil-covered rubber stoppers. The solutions were mixed with Teflon®-coated stirbars on magnetic stirplates. The vortex was set at <10% (actual vortex = 7%) of the static liquid depth. The solutions were mixed for 24 hours (± 1 hour). The solution appeared clear, with bubbled test substance on the surface of the treatment during mixing and after mixing was stopped. At the end of mixing, the solutions were allowed to settle for 1 hour (± 15 minutes). At the end of the settling period, the WAFs were removed from the mixing vessel through the outlet at the bottom of the vessel and placed into 2 L volumetric flasks. 50 µL of Vita chem fresh formula was added to each flask and the test solutions were mixed for an additional 15 minutes prior to the distribution of the WAFs to the test chambers. Fresh WAF solutions were prepared every 48 hours for the renewals.
- Evidence of undissolved material: No undissolved test substance was observed in any of the test chambers.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: Organisms were cultured in the Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Annandale, USA. The original daphnid culture was supplied by Aquatic Biosystems Inc., Fort Collins, USA.
- Age of parental stock: < 24 h old, taken from 13-day old parents
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Vita-chem fresh water formula (Boyd Enterprises Inc.) and suspension of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Aquatic Biosystems Inc.)
- Amount: Vita-chem fresh water formula: 25 µL/L; Suspension of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: 1.3E+08 cells/mL suspension
- Frequency: Vita-chem fresh water formula: Vita-chem feed was added to the treatment WAF before start of the test; Suspension of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: 0.35 mL of the suspension were fed at inition of the test and during renewals. Beginning on Day 7, they were fed an additional 0.20 mL suspension on non-renewal days.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions: Eight to ten daphnids were kept in 1 L glass culture beakers with approximately 800 mL of reconstituted water. The culture chamber was maintained at 20 ± 1°C under a 16 hour light 8 hour dark photoperiod (10 - 20 foot/candles, 108 - 215 Lux). Two sets of Day 0 cultures were started at least five days a week. Cultures were transferred every other day, with exceptions on holidays or weekends when staff was not present, the brood stock health was evaluated and any mortality, production of males or ephippia was documented as well as any mitigation procedures.
- Type and amount of food: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (approximately 4.5 - 6.0E+5 cells/mL). They were also fed 25 µL/L of Vita chem fresh formula mixed on a magnetic stir plate with the reconstituted water prior to feeding with algae.
- Feeding frequency: The culture was fed every other day or as needed based on observed algal clearing.
- Health during acclimation: The neonates had <10% daily immobilisation on the experimental start day.
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 170 - 178 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20.4 - 22.4 °C
- pH:
- 7.63 - 8.45
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.69 - 8.88 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 135 mg/L loading rate WAF
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: bottles sealed with PTFE-lined caps
- Type: closed
- Material: glass; Size: 130 mL; Fill volume: 130 mL
- Aeration: dilution water was aerated prior to use
- Renewal rate of test solutio: The treatment and the control were renewed at approx. 48 h intervals using the WAF that were prepared approx. 24 h prior to renewal.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration: 10
- No. of vessels per control: 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: UV-sterilized deionized well water that is treated and distributed throughout the tesing facility via PVC and stainless steel pipes
- Total organic carbon: < 0.05 ppm
- Alkalinity: 117 mg/L as CaCO3
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Water quality measurements (pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness and temperature) were performed on a sub-sample of fresh WAF, and on old WAF composited from the replicates in each treatment and control twice weekly during the exposure period.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 light: 8 h dark
- Light intensity: Daylight intensity ranged from approximately 131.2 to 169.8 lux during full daylight.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: The daphnids were observed daily for immobilization, reproduction and abnormal behavior/appearance (body length) and the number of young were observed daily, but counted upon renewal. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- >= 135 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (WAF)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- - Immobilisation of parent animals: No immobilisation observed.
- No. of offspring produced per female: control: 112; treatment: 107
- Body length and weight of parent animals: There were no effects on growth, based on the average adult length measurement of 4.9 mm for the control and 5.0 mm for the treatment.
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch: control: 8 -10 days; treatment: 9 - 10 days - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOELR value for reproduction was determined using the Two-sample T-Test method.
Any other information on results incl. tables
TOC analysis confirmed the low water solubility of the test substance in water. The total carbon content of the treatment is only slightly higher than that of the control. Thus, the results of the TOC analysis can not be used for the determination of an effect concentration. Thus, the effect concentration is related to the nominal concentration.
Table 1: Results of TOC analysis [mg/L]
|
Fresh solutions |
|
Old solutions |
||
Test day |
control |
treatment |
Test day |
control |
treatment |
0 |
0.3005 |
0.4490 |
2 |
0.5506 |
1.0608 |
8 |
0.3127 |
0.3668 |
10 |
0.6724 |
0.4915 |
14 |
0.3976 |
0.4779 |
16 |
0.6451 |
0.7693 |
20 |
0.4448 |
0.5395 |
21 |
0.4143 |
0.4940 |
Table 2: Survival and reproduction of daphnids during the test in the control
Test day |
Number of live offspring released per replicate exposure vessel |
Cumulative daphnids immobilized |
Percent survival |
|||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|||
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
8 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
10 |
14 |
12 |
14 |
8 |
10 |
13 |
16 |
13 |
4 |
15 |
0 |
100 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
12 |
34 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
13 |
0 |
NC |
NC |
NC |
0 |
NC |
NC |
NC |
NC |
NC |
0 |
100 |
14 |
0 |
26 |
34 |
18 |
0 |
32 |
19 |
27 |
5 |
29 |
0 |
100 |
15 |
NC |
0 |
0 |
0 |
NC |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
16 |
50 |
40 |
47 |
42 |
54 |
39 |
39 |
0 |
7 |
41 |
0 |
100 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
NC |
NC |
0 |
0 |
100 |
18 |
54 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
19 |
0 |
NC |
NC |
NC |
NC |
0 |
NC |
0 |
0 |
NC |
0 |
100 |
20 |
1 |
28 |
23 |
23 |
41 |
28 |
31 |
19 |
55 |
28 |
0 |
100 |
21 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
NC: neonates present but not counted
Table 3: Survival and reproduction of daphnids during the test in the treatment
Test day |
Number of live offspring released per replicate exposure vessel |
Cumulative daphnids immobilized |
Percent survival |
|||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|||
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0° |
0 |
* |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
90 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0” |
0 |
* |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
90 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
* |
0 |
* |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
80 |
9 |
0 |
NC |
0 |
* |
0 |
* |
NC |
0 |
NC |
0 |
2 |
80 |
10 |
0 |
8 |
13 |
* |
16 |
* |
10 |
7 |
15 |
0 |
2 |
80 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
* |
0 |
* |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
80 |
12 |
17 |
27 |
24 |
* |
0 |
* |
21 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
80 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
NC |
* |
NC |
* |
0 |
0 |
NC |
0 |
2 |
80 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
* |
30 |
* |
0 |
0 |
32 |
28 |
2 |
80 |
15 |
NC |
NC |
0 |
* |
0 |
* |
NC |
NC |
0 |
0 |
2 |
80 |
16 |
46 |
38 |
44 |
* |
45 |
* |
38 |
46 |
43 |
0 |
2 |
80 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
* |
0 |
* |
0 |
0 |
0 |
NC |
2 |
80 |
18 |
41 |
34 |
2 |
* |
1 |
* |
33 |
0 |
0 |
23 |
2 |
80 |
19 |
NC |
NC |
NC |
* |
NC |
* |
0 |
NC |
NC |
0 |
2 |
80 |
20 |
2 |
9 |
31 |
* |
15 |
* |
0 |
38 |
17 |
9 |
2 |
80 |
21 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
* |
0 |
* |
26 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
80 |
NC: neonates present but not counted
*: adult immobilized
0°: off-color, 0": off color and small
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