Choline chloride

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1984-02-10

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study performed according to DIN, no GLP compliance and not well documented.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: DIN 38 409 Teil 43

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: H5 (Bestimmung des biochemischen Sauerstoffbedarfs)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No information available.

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material: No surrogate or analogue material was used.

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

not specified

Details on inoculum:

No details given.

Duration of test (contact time):

ca. 5 d

Initial conc.:

ca. 1.716 g/L

Based on:

other: 78 % Choline chloride

Initial conc.:

ca. 2.574 g/L

Based on:

other: 78 % Choline chloride

Initial conc.:

ca. 3.861 g/L

Based on:

other: 78 % Choline chloride

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: 78 % Choline chloride diluted by water (not further specified)

TEST SYSTEM
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2 flasks/concentration

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: at the beginning and the end of the test

Reference substance:

not specified

Preliminary study:

No details are reported.

Test performance:

No details are reported.

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

> 75

Sampling time:

5 d

Details on results:

The percentage of degradation was calculated by dividing BOD5 by ThOD.

1280 mg/g divided by 1710 mg/g amounts to 75 % of degradation.

Parameter:

BOD5

Value:

> 1 066 - < 1 400 other: mg/L

Parameter:

COD

Value:

> 321 - < 322 mg O2/g test mat.

Results with reference substance:

Not applicable.

Table 1. Test results

	BOD [mg/L]	TOC [mg/L]	COD [mg/L]	Initial weight [mg/L]	Oxygen consumption
stock solution	1305	338	322	1022.5	0
				1003.7 (COD)
	BOD [mg/L]	TOC [mg/L]	COD [mg/L]	ThOD [mg/g]	% Degradation based on ThOD
test material	1276	331	321	1430 - 1710	75-89
Remarks  COD was repeatedly determined; no appropriate reference value

Table 2. BOD5 determination

		Oxygen content [mg/L]			Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Dilution [mL] p	Flask No.	Beginning	End	Consumption [mg/L] Z- ZV	single value 1000/p x (Z-ZV)	Mean value
2	118	9.6
	348		6.9	2.7	1350
	145		6.8	2.8	1400
3	257	9.5
	315		5.9	3.6	1200
	535		5.7	3.8	1270	1305
4.5	494	9.5
	194		4.7	4.8	1066
	538		4.6	4.9	1090
Remarks
Laboratory No.	2567
TOC [mg/L]	338
BOD5 [mg/L]	1305
COD [mg/L]	322
Initial weight [g/L]	1.0225
Initial weight [g/L] for COD	1.0027

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

Basic scientifical principles are fulfilled.

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Within 5 days, a degradation of 75 % was determined for Choline chloride under the given test conditions. Therefore, the substance is considered as readily biodegradable. The study was conducted without GLP compliance and the study report is not well documented. However, the experimental procedure can be considered as valid. Nevertheless, choline is a naturally occurring compound and a strong biodegradation potential for the test substance can be foreseen.

Executive summary:

Choline chloride was found to be readily biodegradable based upon an experiment conducted according to H5 (Bestimmung des biochemischen Sauerstoffbedarfs) published in "Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung, 3. Auflage, 11. Lieferung, Weinheim (1982)" (BASF AG, 1984). Thereby, the biodegradation of the test material was calculated by dividing the measured BOD5 by the calculated ThOD resulting in 75 - 90 % biodegradation within 5 days. The COD determined according to DIN 38 409 (part 43) was not considered as suitable reference value.

Description of key information

Readily biodegradability_DIN 38 409 part 43/H5 (Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand; BOD): 75 % degradation within 5 days - readily biodegradable

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

readily biodegradable

Additional information

Choline chloride was found to be readily biodegradable based upon an experiment conducted according to H5 (Bestimmung des biochemischen Sauerstoffbedarfs) published in "Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung, 3. Auflage, 11. Lieferung, Weinheim (1982)" (BASF AG, 1984). Thereby, the biodegradation of the test material was calculated by dividing the measured BOD5 by the calculated ThOD resulting in 75 - 90 % biodegradation within 5 days. The COD determined according to DIN 38 409 (part 43) was not considered as suitable reference value. The study was conducted without GLP compliance and the available study report is not well documented. However, the experimental procedure can be considered as valid. Nevertheless, choline is a naturally occurring compound and a strong biodegradation potential for the test substance can be foreseen.