Amines, C16-22-alkyl

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

The available acute oral test on C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3) indicates GHS classification as acute oral toxicity category 5 (LD50 between 2000 and 5000 mg/kg). No data is available on acute toxicity via inhalation or dermal route.

In the available oral acute toxicity study two groups, each of three female WISTAR Crl: WI(Han) rats, were treated with a single oral application of the test item by oral gavage at an administrative dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The test item was emulsified with the vehicle sesame oil at a concentration of 0.2 g/mL and administered at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg. The most relevant clinical findings in the animals treated with the test item at a dose of 2000 mg/kg bw were reduced spontaneous activity and piloerection. Throughout the 14-day observation period, the weight gain of the animals was within the normal range of variation for this strain. At necropsy, no macroscopic findings were observed in any of the six animals in the two steps. On the basis of the test results given above and in conformity with the criteria given in Annex VI to Commission Directive 2001/59/EC the test item C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3)  has no obligatory labelling requirement for acute toxicity.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2011

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP compliance

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 423 (Acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.1 (Acute Toxicity (Oral))

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.1100 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

acute toxic class method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Species/strain: healthy rats, WISTAR rats Crl: WI(Han) (full barrier)
Source: Charles River, 97633 Sulzfeld, Germany
Sex: female, non-pregnant, nulliparous
Number of animals: 3 per step
Age at the beginning of the study: 9 - 10 weeks old
Body weight on the day of administration: Step 1 / animals no. 1 - 3: 160 – 162 g; Step 2 / animals no. 4 - 6: 161 – 175 g;
The animals were derived from a controlled full barrier maitained breeding system(SPF). According to Art. 9.2, No. 7 of the German act on animal welfare the animals were bred for experimental purposes.

Environmental Conditions:
Full barrier in an air-conditioned room
Temperature: 22 at 3 °C
Relative humidity: 55 at 10%
Artificial light, sequence being 12 hours light, 12 hours dark
Air change: 10 x / hour

Free access to Altromin 1324 maintenance diet for rats and mice (lot no. 1455)
-Free access to tap water, sulphur acidified to a pH value of approximately 2.8 (drinking water, municipal residue control, microbiological controls at regular intervals)
-The animals were kept in groups in IVC cages, type III H, polysulphone cages on Altromin saw fibre bedding (lot no. 060411)
-Certificates of food, water and bedding are filed at BSL BIOSERVICE
-Adequate acclimatisation period (at least five days) under laboratory conditions

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

other: Sesame oil

Details on oral exposure:

Dose Administration:
The test item was administered at a single dose by gavage using a feeding tube.
The test item was administered at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg body weight.
Preparation of Dose Formulation:
For all animals of the first and second step, 2 g of the test item were emulsified with the vehicle to gain a final volume of 10 mL and to achieve a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg body weight

Doses:

The starting dose was selected to be 2000 mg/kg body weight. No compound-related mortality was recorded for any animal of step 1 or 2. Based on these results and according to the acute toxic class method regime no further testing was required.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

3 Animals per step (2 steps were used)

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

Prepparation of Animals:
The animals were marked for individual identification by tail painting.
Prior to the administration a detailed clinical observation was made of all animals.
Prior to the administration food was withheld from the test animals for 16 to 19 hours (access to water was permitted). Following the period of fasting the animals were weighed and the test item was administered. Food was provided again approximately 4 hours post dosing.

Opservation Period:
All animals were observed for 14 days after dosing for general clinical signs, morbidity and mortality.

  
The animals were weighed on day 1 (prior to the administration) and on days 8 and 15.
Clinical Examination:
A careful clinical examination was made several times on the day of dosing (at least once during the first 30 minutes and with special attention given during the first 4 hours post-dose). As soon as symptoms were noticed they were recorded. Thereafter, the animals were observed for clinical signs once daily until the end of the observation period.

Pathology:
At the end of the observation period the animals were sacrificed with an overdosage of pentobarbital injected intraperitoneally (Narcoren®, Merial; lot no.: 212041; expiry date: 04/2014) at a dosage of approximately 8 mL/kg bw.
All animals were subjected to gross necropsy. All gross pathological changes were recorded

Evaluation of Results:
Results were interpreted according to OECD Guideline 423, Annex 2 (see also flow charts in the appendix of the study plan).
Individual reactions of each animal were recorded at each time of observation.
Toxic response data were recorded by dose level.
Nature, severity and duration of clinical observations were described.
Body weight changes were summarised in tabular form.
Necropsy findings were described.
On the basis of the test results, the test substance may be classified in any of the following classes in conformity with the criteria given in Annex VI to Commission Directive 2001/59/EC :
• Very toxic
Substances and preparations shall be classified as very toxic, and assigned the symbol “T+” and indication of danger “very toxic” in accordance with the criteria specified below:
R28 Very toxic if swallowed
- LD50 oral, rat  25 mg/kg
- less than 100% survival at 5 mg/kg oral, rat by the fixed dose procedure, or
- high mortality at doses  25 mg/kg oral, by the acute toxic class method.
• Toxic
Substances and preparations shall be classified as toxic, and assigned the symbol “T” and indication of danger “toxic” in accordance with the criteria specified below. Risk phrases shall be assigned in accordance with the following criteria:
R25 Toxic if swallowed
- LD50 oral, rat 25 < LD50  200 mg/kg
- discriminating dose, oral rat 5 mg/kg: 100% survival but evident toxicity, or
- high mortality in the dose range > 25 to  200 mg/kg oral, rat, by the acute toxic class method.
• Harmful
Substances and preparations shall be classified as harmful, and assigned the symbol “Xn” and indication of danger “harmful” in accordance with the criteria specified below. Risk phrases shall be assigned in accordance with the following criteria:
R22 Harmful if swallowed
- LD50 per oral, rat 200 < LD50  2000 mg/kg
- discriminating dose, oral rat, 50 mg/kg: 100% survival but evident toxicity,
- less than 100% survival at 500 mg/kg, rat oral by the fixed dose procedure, or
- high mortality in the dose range > 200 to  2000 mg/kg oral, rat, by the acute toxic class method.
On the basis of the test results, the following risk phrases may be assigned in conformity with the criteria given in Annex I of Regulation (EC) 1272/2008:
Category 1: LD50  5 mg/kg. DANGER. Skull and crossbones in diamond. Fatal if swallowed.
Category 2: LD50 > 5 mg/kg  50 mg/kg. DANGER. Skull and crossbones in diamond. Fatal if swallowed.
Category 3: LD50 > 50 mg/kg  300 mg/kg. DANGER. Skull and crossbones in diamond. Toxic if swallowed.
Category 4: LD50 > 300 mg/kg  2000 mg/kg. WARNING. Exclamation point in diamond. Harmful if swallowed.
On the basis of the test results, the following risk phrases may be assigned in conformity with the criteria given in GHS - Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, third revised edition, July 2009:
Category 1: LD50  5 mg/kg
DANGER. Skull and crossbones in diamond. Fatal if swallowed.
Category 2: LD50 > 5 mg/kg  50 mg/kg
DANGER. Skull and crossbones in diamond. Fatal if swallowed.
Category 3: LD50 > 50 mg/kg  300 mg/kg.
DANGER. Skull and crossbones in diamond. Toxic if swallowed.
Category 4: LD50 > 300 mg/kg  2000 mg/kg.
WARNING. Exclamation point in diamond. Harmful if swallowed.
Category 5: LD50 > 2000 mg/kg  5000 mg/kg.
WARNING. No symbol. May be harmful if swallowed.

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

No Mortality was observed in this study

Clinical signs:

other: The most relevant clinical findings in the animals treated with the test item at a dose of 2000 mg/kg bw were reduced spontaneous activity and piloerection.

Gross pathology:

With the exception of acute injection of blood vessels in the abdominal region, which is due to the euthanasia injection, no specific gross pathological changes were recorded for any animal

Clinical Signs:

Animal No. / Sex	Time of Observation Post-Dose	Observations
Step 1 (2000 mg/kg Body Weight)
1 / female	30 min	no signs of toxicity
	1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h	slight piloerection
	1 d until the end of the observation period	no signs of toxicity
2 / female	30 min	no signs of toxicity
	1 h, 2 h	slight piloerection
	3 h, 4 h	slight piloerection, slightly reduced spontaneous activity
	1 d until the end of the observation period	no signs of toxicity
3 / female	30 min	no signs oftoxicity
	1 h, 2 h	slight piloerection
	3 h, 4 h	slight piloerection, slightly reduced spontaneous activity
	1 d until the end of the observation period	no signs of toxicity

Step 2 (2000 mg/kg Body Weight)
4 / female	30 min, 1 h, 2 h	no signs of toxicity
	3 h	slight piloerection, slightly reduced spontaneous activity
	4 h	moderate piloerection
	1 d until the end of the observation period	no signs of toxicity
5 / female	30 min, 1 h, 2 h	no signs of toxicity
	3 h	slight piloerection, slightly reduced spontaneous activity
	4 h	moderate piloerection
	1 d until the end of the observation period	no signs of toxicity
6 / female	30 min, 1 h, 2 h	no signs of toxicity
	3 h	slight piloerection, slightly reduced spontaneous activity
	4 h	slight piloerection
	1 d until the end of the observation period	no signs of toxicity

Body Weight Development:

Animal No. / Sex	g Day 1	g Day 8	g Day 15	% Day 1-15
Step 1 (2000 mg/kg Body Weight)
1 / female	160	179	190	19
2 / female	160	174	183	14
3 / female	162	180	196	21
Step 2 (2000 mg/kg Body Weight)
4 / female	175	189	204	17
5 / female	166	186	197	19
6 / female	161	185	206	28

Pathology:

Animal No./ Sex	Organ	Macroscopic Findings
Step 1 (2000 mg/kg Body Weight)
1 / female	-	nsf
2 / female	-	nsf
3 / female	-	nsf
Step 2 (2000 mg/kg Body Weight)
4 / female	-	nsf
5 / female	-	nsf
6 /female	-	nsf

nsf- No specific findings

LD 50 Cut off:

Dose (unit)	Number of Animals Investigated	Number of Intercurrent Deaths	LD50 Cut-Off
2000 mg/kg bw	6	0	5000 mg/kg bw

Interpretation of results:

relatively harmless

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: OECD GHS

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of the present study, a single oral application of the test item C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines to rats at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was associated with signs of toxicity but no mortality.
The median lethal dose of C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines after a single oral administration to female rats, observed over a period of 14 days is:
LD50 cut-off (rat): 5000 mg/ kg bw
In conformity with the criteria given in Annex VI to Commission Directive 2001/59/EC the test item C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines has no obligatory labelling requirement for toxicity.
According to Annex I of Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 the test item C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines has no obligatory labelling requirement for toxicity and is not classified.
According to GHS (Globally Harmonized Classification System) the test item C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines has obligatory labelling requirement for toxicity and is classified into Category 5.

Executive summary:

Two groups, each of three female WISTAR Crl: WI(Han) rats, were treated with the test item by oral gavage administration at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The test item was emulsified with the vehicle sesame oil at a concentration of 0.2 g/mL and administered at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg. All animals used in the study after their entrance at BSL were allowed to acclimatise to the laboratory conditions for at least 5 days. The animals were observed on delivery, on inclusion in the study and before administration for mortality/morbidity and other clinical signs. All animals were examined for clinical signs several times on the day of dosing and once daily until the end of the observation period. Their body weights were recorded on day 1 (prior to the administration) and on days 8 and 15. All animals were necropsied and examined macroscopically.

 Results per Step

Step	Sex/No.	Dose (mg/kg)	Number of Animals	Number of Intercurrent Deaths
1	female/1-3	2000	3	0
2	female/4-6	2000	3	0

The most relevant clinical findings in the animals treated with the test item at a dose of 2000 mg/kg bw were reduced spontaneous activity and piloerection.

Throughout the 14-day observation period, the weight gain of the animals was within the normal range of variation for this strain.

At necropsy, no macroscopic findings were observed in any animal of any step.

On the basis of the test results given below and in conformity with the criteria given in Annex VI to Commission Directive 2001/59/EC, the substance should be:

classified as very toxic
classified as toxic
classified as harmful
not classified	X
limit test	X

On the basis of the test results given below and in conformity with the criteria given in inAnnex I of Regulation (EC) 1272/2008, the substance should be:

classified into category 1
classified into category 2
classifiedinto category 3
classifiedinto category 4
not classified	X

On the basis of the test results given below and in conformity with the criteria given in inGHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals), the substance should be:

classified into category 1
classified into category 2
classified into category 3
classified into category 4
classified into category 5	X
not classified

LD₅₀cut-off:                                                     5000 mg/kg bw

Species/strain:                                                   WISTAR Crl: WI(Han) rats

Number of animals:                                           3 per step / 2 steps performed

Vehicle:                                                            sesame oil

Method:                                                             OECD 423
 EC 440/2008, Method B.1 tris
 OPPTS 870.1000
 OPPTS 870.1100

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

5 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

The available study on C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3), is performed according the available guidelines, under GLP and it is acceptable for classification and labelling purposes being of reliability rating 1.

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Oral

One acute oral study is available on C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3). It is of high quality having validity rating 1 and is performed according to the available guidelines and under GLP. Based on the result from this study, there is no obligatory labelling requirement for acute toxicity for this substance.   

 

Inhalation

There is no study on acute inhalation toxicity available for C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3). In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, an acute inhalation toxicity study does not need to be conducted as the substance is classified as corrosive. REACH also stipulates that testing by the inhalation route is appropriate if exposure of humans via inhalation is likely taking into account the vapour pressure of the substance and/or the possibility of exposure to aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size. REACH guidance R.7.a, chapter. 7.4 Acute toxicity, indicates that in principle no inhalation studies are needed when vapour pressure < 0.1 Pa at 20°C or particle size > 100 µm.C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3)is handled as a liquid, with a vapour pressure of 0.022 Pa at 20°C. Since the substance is classified as corrosive with a low vapour pressure, and the handling is not expected to result in aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size, the acute inhalation toxicity test is waived.  

 

Dermal
There is no study on acute dermal toxicity for C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3). In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, an acute dermal toxicity study does not need to be conducted as the substance is classified as corrosive. Therefore acute dermal toxicity test is waived.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint

Appropriate study of the highest quality.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, an acute inhalation toxicity study does not need to be conducted as the substance is classified as corrosive. Neither is an inhalation study needed when vapour pressure is < 0.1 Pa at 20°C or particle size > 100 µm. C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3) is handled as a liquid with a vapour pressure of 0.022 Pa at 20°C and the identified uses are not expected to cause formation of aerosols, particles or droplets of inhalable size.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, an acute skin toxicity study does not need to be conducted as the substance is classified as corrosive to the skin.

Justification for classification or non-classification

The available key study on the acute oral endpoint is performed according to available guidelines under GLP with a validity rating of 1. The study showed no adverse effects at the tested limit dose of 2000 mg/kg bw. Based on the LD50 being > 2000 mg/kg bw and the lack of any effects,C16-22-(even numbered)alkylamines (CAS no 68037-92-3) is not classified for acute oral toxicity based on the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008. Testing for acute dermal toxicity is not required in view of the corrosive properties of the substance and acute inhalational testing is also waived based on the physical/chemical properties of the substance as well as its corrosive properties.