Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 238-883-1 | CAS number: 14814-09-6
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
3-(Triethoxysilyl)propanethiol (CAS No. 14814-09-6, EC No. 238-883-1) has been tested for genetic toxicity in several in vitro tests.
Gene mutation (Bacterial reverse mutation assay / Ames) test conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 471 and in compliance with GLP (reliability score 1): Negative with and without activation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA (BioReliance, 2001).
Cytogenicity test in mammalian cells conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 473 and in compliance with GLP (reliability score 1): Negative with and without metabolic activation in Chinese hamster V79 cells (BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories, 2012a).
Mutagenicity test in mammalian cells conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 476 and in compliance with GLP (reliability score 1): Positive without metabolic activation in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories, 2012b).
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2000/10/02 - 2001/02/12
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Without metabolic activation: 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate; with metabolic activation - 5.0, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Ethanol
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Based on the sponsor's request due to compatibility with the target cells and solubility of the test article - Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- TA1537 without metabolic activation 75 µg/plate
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene 1.0 µg/plate and 10 µg/plate
- Remarks:
- TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 - 1.0 µg/plate and WP2 uvrA - 10 µg/plate all with metabolic activation
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- WP2 uvrA without metabolic activation 1000 µg/plate
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 2-nitrofluorene
- Remarks:
- TA98 without metabolic activation 1.0 µg/plate
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- TA100 and TA1535 without metabolic activation 1.0 µg/plate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION:
- In agar (plate incorporation); preincubation
ACTIVATION:
- S9 mix contained 10% S9, glucose-6-phosphate and NADP as co-factors. 0.5 mL S9 mix, 100 µL of tester strain and 25 µL of vehicle or test article were added to 2 mL top agar, giving a final concentration of approximately 2% S9.
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 60+/-2 minutes at 37ºC
- Exposure duration: 48- 72 hours at 37ºC+/-2ºC
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays):
- Histidine deficient agar
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Triplicate plates, experiment repeated
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: other: condition of background lawn - Evaluation criteria:
- A result is positive if the increase in mean revertants at the peak of the dose response in strains TA1535 and TA1537 is equal to or greater than three times the mean negative control value. In strains TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2 uvrA, the result is considered positive if the increase in mean revertants at the peak of the dose response is equal to or greater than two times the mean negative control value.
- Statistics:
- None stated in report
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- toxicity observed at 667 µg/plate with metabolic activation, none was observed without metabolic activation thus 5000 µg/plate was highest dose without metabolic activation. No precipitate was observed.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- cytotoxicity toxicity observed at 667 µg/plate with metabolic activation, none was observed without metabolic activation thus 5000 µg/plate was highest dose without metabolic activation. No precipitate was observed.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- cytotoxicity toxicity observed at 667 µg/plate with metabolic activation, none was observed without metabolic activation thus 5000 µg/plate was highest dose without metabolic activation. No precipitate was observed.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- cytotoxicity toxicity observed at 667 µg/plate with metabolic activation, none was observed without metabolic activation thus 5000 µg/plate was highest dose without metabolic activation. No precipitate was observed.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- toxicity observed at 667 µg/plate with metabolic activation, none was observed without metabolic activation thus 5000 µg/plate was highest dose without metabolic activation. No precipitate was observed.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
- Yes - Conclusions:
- 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol has been tested for mutagenicity to bacteria in a study conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 471 and in compliance with GLP (reliability score 1). No evidence of a test substance related increase in the number of revertants was observed with or without activation in the initial or the repeat experiments. It is concluded that the test substance is negative for mutagenicity to bacteria under the conditions of the test.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011/10/19 to 2012/02/19
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5375 - In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.10 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, München, Germany
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: MEM
- Properly maintained: Yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: Yes - Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Liver S9 of Wistar phenobarbital and ß-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver S9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Pre-experiment:
- With and without metabolic activation: 0.020, 0.039, 0.078, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM
Experiment I:
- Without metabolic activation: 0.031, 0.063 and 0.125 mM
- With metabolic activation: 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mM
Experiment II:
- Without metabolic activation: 0.125, 0.15 and 0.20 mM
- With metabolic activation: 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 mM - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle (s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test item 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol could be dissolved in DMSO. The solvent was compatible with the survival of the cells and the S9 activity. - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation 400 and 600 µg/ml
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- Remarks:
- with metabolic activation 0.83 µg/ml
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- TREATMENT TIME:
- 4 hours (Experiment I with and without metabolic activation, experiment II with metabolic activation)
- 20 hours (Experiment II without metabolic activation)
FIXATION INTERVAL: 20 hours (Experiment I and II with and without metabolic activation)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2 independent experiments
NUMBER OF CELLS SEEDED: 1 x 10^4 - 5 x 10^4 cells
NUMBER OF CULTURES: two cultures per concentration
NUMBER OF CELLS SCORED: 200 cells per concentration (100 cells per culture)
(except concentration 0.031 mM (exp. I without metabolic activation): 300 cells
and 0.3 mM (exp. I with metabolic activation): 400 cells)
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY: Mitotic index, cell density - Evaluation criteria:
- There are several criteria for determining a positive result:
- A clear and dose-related increase in the number of cells with aberrations,
- A biologically relevant response for at least one of the dose groups, which is higher than the laboratory negative control range (0.0% - 4.0% aberrant cells (with and without metabolic activation)). - Statistics:
- According to OECD guidelines, the biological relevance of the results is the criterion for the interpretation of results, a statistical evaluation of the results is not regarded as necessary.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at 0.125 mM (-S9)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol has been tested in an in vitro chromosomal aberration test conducted according to OECD Test guideline 473 and in compliance with GLP (reliability score 1). No evidence for the induction of structural chromosomal aberrations was observed in the V79 Chinese hamster cell line with and without metabolic activation. It is concluded that the test substance is negative for clastogenicity (induction of chromosome aberrations) in mammalian cells under the conditions of the test.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011/09/26 - 2011/12/13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.17 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5300 - In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: IWGT Recommendations
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- (Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Germany)
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
- Target gene:
- Thymidine kinase
- Species / strain / cell type:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: RPMI
- Properly maintained: Yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: Yes
- Periodically "cleansed" against high spontaneous background: Yes - Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Liver S9 of Wistar Phenobarbital and ß-Naphthoflavone-induced rat liver S9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- - Pre-experiment I with and without metabolic activation: 0.2, 0.5 and 2.5 mM
- Pre-experiment II without metabolic activation (24 h long-term exposure): 0.01, 0.08, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70 mM
Experiment I
- With metabolic activation: 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70 mM
- Without metabolic activation: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.48, 0.56 mM
Experiment II
- With metabolic activation: 0.12, 0.25, 0.35, 0.52, 0.58, 0.64, 0.68, 0.72 mM
- Without metabolic activation: 0.04, 0.08, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 mM - Vehicle / solvent:
- Based on the results of the solubility test, DMSO was used as solvent (final concentration 1% DMSO v/v).
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- benzo(a)pyrene
- Remarks:
- 2.5 and 3.5 µg/ml
- Positive control substance:
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Remarks:
- 200 µg/ml and 300 µg/ml
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- 10 µg/ml
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: Dissolved in DMSO
DURATION: 4 h (short-term exposure), 24 h (long-term exposure)
EXPRESSION TIME (cells in growth medium): 48 h
EXPRESSION TIME (if incubation with selection agent): About 14 days
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assay): 5 µg/ml trifluorothymidine
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Two separate experiments (I+II) with single exposure; cells were seeded in 4 plates and evaluated
NUMBER OF CELLS SEEDED: 2000 cells per well
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY: Relative total growth (RTG) - Evaluation criteria:
- The test item is considered mutagenic if following criteria are met:
- The induced mutant frequency meets or exceeds the Global Evaluation factor (GEF) of 126 per 10E+06 cells
- A dose-dependent increase in mutant frequency is detected.
Besides, combined with a positive effect in the mutant frequency, an increased occurrence of small colonies (≥40% of total colonies) is an indication for potential clastogenic effects and/or chromosomal aberrations.
According to the OECD guideline, the biological relevance is considered first for the interpretation of results. Statistical methods might be used as an aid in evaluation the test result.
A test item is considered to be negative if the induced mutant frequency is below the GEF and the trend test is negative. - Statistics:
- The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test is applied to the mutation data to prove the dose groups for any significant difference in mutant frequency compared to the negative /solvent controls.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation (additionally a clastogenic effect was noted)
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol has been tested for mutagenicity to mammalian cells (thymidine kinase locus) in an vitro study conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 476 and in compliance with GLP (reliability score 1). An increase in the mutant frequency was observed in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells in the absence of metabolic activation. In addition, an increase in the number of small colonies was observed without metabolic activation, suggesting a clastogenic effect. The test substance is considered to be mutagenic to mammalian cells without metabolic activation under the conditions of the study.
Referenceopen allclose all
Summary of results – Experiment B1
Dose µg/ml |
+/- metabolic activation |
Average revertants per plate (mean of 3 plates) |
||||
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
WP2 uvrA |
||
Solvent control |
- |
14 |
90 |
13 |
5 |
13 |
50 |
- |
15 |
83 |
11 |
6 |
14 |
150 |
- |
14 |
74 |
11 |
5 |
11 |
500 |
- |
13 |
53 |
12 |
5 |
11 |
1500 |
- |
12 |
36 |
7 |
4 |
10 |
5000 |
- |
9 |
14 |
8 |
3 |
6 |
Positive control |
- |
282 |
557 |
595 |
1490 |
90 |
Solvent control |
+ |
23 |
94 |
15 |
7 |
13 |
5.0 |
+ |
16 |
94 |
13 |
8 |
n.t. |
15 |
+ |
15 |
101 |
16 |
7 |
n.t. |
50 |
+ |
16 |
84 |
12 |
7 |
13 |
150 |
+ |
14 |
93 |
8 |
5 |
14 |
500 |
+ |
11 |
11 |
8 |
4 |
11 |
1500 |
+ |
2 |
10 |
6 |
2 |
14 |
5000 |
+ |
n.t |
n.t. |
n.t. |
n.t. |
10 |
Positive control |
+ |
773 |
941 |
171 |
161 |
66 |
Repeated assay due to excessive toxicity in Experiment B1
Dose µg/ml |
+/- metabolic activation |
Average revertants per plate |
|
TA100 |
TA1537 |
||
Solvent control |
- |
108 |
6 |
15 |
- |
n.t. |
8 |
50 |
- |
84 |
11 |
150 |
- |
85 |
6 |
500 |
- |
93 |
6 |
1500 |
- |
83 |
7 |
5000 |
- |
83 |
6 |
Positive control |
- |
407 |
763 |
Independent repeat assay
Dose µg/ml |
+/- metabolic activation |
Average revertants per plate |
||||
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
WP2 uvrA |
||
Solvent control |
- |
12 |
86 |
9 |
5 |
12 |
5.0 |
- |
n.t |
n.t |
n.t |
n.t |
14 |
15 |
- |
10 |
95 |
13 |
6 |
11 |
50 |
- |
13 |
98 |
11 |
5 |
12 |
150 |
- |
13 |
99 |
11 |
5 |
11 |
500 |
- |
13 |
113 |
12 |
5 |
12 |
1500 |
- |
11 |
70 |
11 |
7 |
15 |
5000 |
- |
8 |
63 |
15 |
7 |
n.t |
Positive control |
- |
92 |
359 |
274 |
752 |
209 |
Solvent control |
+ |
26 |
120 |
13 |
7 |
12 |
5.0 |
+ |
19 |
116 |
12 |
4 |
n.t. |
15 |
+ |
22 |
105 |
13 |
7 |
10 |
50 |
+ |
26 |
80 |
16 |
5 |
13 |
150 |
+ |
26 |
109 |
11 |
6 |
11 |
500 |
+ |
18 |
97 |
13 |
3 |
14 |
1500 |
+ |
5 |
66 |
11 |
5 |
13 |
5000 |
+ |
n.t |
n.t. |
n.t. |
n.t. |
12 |
Positive control |
+ |
509 |
1129 |
100 |
118 |
290 |
Repeat assay due to unacceptable vehicle control in independent repeat assay
Dose µg/ml |
+/- metabolic activation |
Average revertants per plate |
WP2 uvrA |
||
Solvent control |
- |
18 |
50 |
- |
17 |
150 |
- |
16 |
500 |
- |
16 |
1500 |
- |
20 |
5000 |
- |
19 |
Positive control |
- |
597 |
| Results of chromosome analysis | |||||||||||||||
| without metabolic activation | |||||||||||||||
| Cytotoxicity | Chromatid aberrations | Isochromatid aberrations | rel. Mitotic index (%) | rel. Cell density (%) | Poly-ploidy | mean % aberrant cells | |||||||||
| Scored cells | gaps | breaks | inter-changes | other | gaps | breaks | inter-changes | other | incl. Gaps | excl. Gaps | |||||
| Experiment I | |||||||||||||||
| negative control | 200 | - | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 1 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| solvent control | 200 | - | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 101 | 5 | 5.0 | 2.5 |
| 0.004 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 101 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.008 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 99 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.016 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 96 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.031 mM | 300 | no | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 96 | 100 | 2 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
| 0.063 mM | 200 | no | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 99 | 96 | 4 | 3.5 | 1.5 |
| 0.125 mM | 200 | yes | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 43 | 47 | 0 | 3.0 | 2.0 |
| 0.25 mM | - | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.5 mM | - | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 1.0 mM | - | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 2.0 mM | - | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 3.0 mM | - | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 4.0 mM | - | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| EMS (600 µg/ml) | 200 | - | 3 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 87 | 101 | 1 | 10.0 | 9.0 |
| Experiment II | |||||||||||||||
| negative control | 200 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 97 | 94 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| solvent control | 200 | - | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 1 | 3.5 | 2.0 |
| 0.0063 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 89 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.0125 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 85 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.025 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 108 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.05 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 93 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.075 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 111 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.10 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 96 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.125 mM | 200 | no | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 97 | 1 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| 0.15 mM | 200 | yes | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | 88 | 2 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
| 0.20 mM | 200 | yes | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 84 | 0 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| EMS (400 µg/ml) | 200 | - | 7 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 74 | 91 | 0 | 13.0 | 9.0 |
| Results of chromosome analysis | |||||||||||||||
| with metabolic activation | |||||||||||||||
| Cytotoxicity | Chromatid aberrations | Isochromatid aberrations | rel. Mitotic index (%) | rel. Cell density (%) | Poly-ploidy | mean % aberrant cells | |||||||||
| Scored cells | gaps | breaks | inter-changes | other | gaps | breaks | inter-changes | other | incl. Gaps | excl. Gaps | |||||
| Experiment I | |||||||||||||||
| negative control | 200 | - | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 1 | 3.0 | 2.5 |
| solvent control | 200 | - | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 99 | 99 | 1 | 5.0 | 2.0 |
| 0.0125 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 90 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.025 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 105 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.05 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 94 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.1 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 90 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.2 mM | 200 | no | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 99 | 2 | 5.0 | 3.5 |
| 0.3 mM | 400 | yes | 4 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 50 | 80 | 1 | 4.5 | 3.5 |
| 0.4 mM | 200 | yes | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 42 | 64 | 2 | 5.0 | 2.0 |
| 0.5 mM | - | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.75 mM | - | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 1.0 mM | - | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| CPA (0.83 µg/ml) | 200 | - | 9 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 105 | 98 | 2 | 12.0 | 10.5 |
| Experiment II | |||||||||||||||
| negative control | 200 | - | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 105 | 0 | 4.5 | 2.5 |
| solvent control | 200 | - | 6 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 5.0 | 2.5 |
| 0.04 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 102 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.08 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 91 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.15 mM | - | no | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 99 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.25 mM | 200 | no | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 81 | 0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
| 0.35 mM | 200 | yes | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 66 | 0 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
| 0.45 mM | 200 | yes | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 58 | 0 | 3.0 | 1.5 |
| 0.55 mM | - | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 5 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 0.65 mM | - | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| CPA (0.83 µg/ml) | 200 | - | 10 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 106 | 1 | 12.0 | 10.0 |
| n.d.: | not determined | ||||||||||||||
Summary of mutagenicity data with and without metabolic activation
Concentration mM |
RCE % |
Mean number cultures/well |
MF (mutants/ 10x6cells |
IMF (mutants/10x8 cells) |
||||
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
|
Negative control 1 |
101.2 |
107.1 |
9.3 |
15.5 |
74.9 |
103.4 |
- |
- |
Negative control 2 |
106.0 |
99.6 |
12.0 |
11.8 |
90.8 |
88.9 |
- |
- |
Solvent control 1 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
11.0 |
14.3 |
86.3 |
106.2 |
- |
- |
Solvent control 2 |
11.8 |
17.5 |
106.7 |
138.9 |
- |
- |
||
0.04 |
- |
107.1 |
- |
17.5 |
- |
118.2 |
- |
-4.4 |
0.08 |
- |
108.6 |
- |
19.3 |
- |
127.6 |
- |
5.0 |
0.10 |
- |
95.9 |
- |
17.5 |
- |
146.8 |
- |
24.2 |
0.12 |
114.7 |
- |
10.0 |
- |
63.8 |
- |
-32.7 |
- |
0.15 |
- |
104.1 |
- |
18.0 |
- |
129.9 |
- |
7.3 |
0.20 |
- |
100.4 |
- |
35.8 |
- |
312.4 |
- |
189.8 |
0.25 |
102.0 |
97.4 |
9.8 |
33.3 |
78.0 |
303.1 |
-18.5 |
180.6 |
0.30 |
- |
98.1 |
- |
23.0 |
- |
192.0 |
- |
69.4 |
0.35 |
103.6 |
74.2 |
9.3 |
12.5 |
72.1 |
156.1 |
-24.4 |
33.5 |
0.52 |
113.1 |
- |
10.0 |
- |
65.4 |
- |
-31.1 |
- |
0.58 |
102.8 |
- |
13.0 |
- |
104.7 |
- |
8.2 |
- |
0.64 |
90.8 |
- |
8.0 |
- |
77.5 |
- |
-19.0 |
- |
0.68 |
102.8 |
- |
8.8 |
- |
69.9 |
- |
-26.6 |
- |
0.72 |
90.0 |
- |
6.8 |
- |
65.7 |
- |
-30.8 |
- |
Positive control 1 |
93.2 |
63.7 |
37.8 |
77.5 |
426.2 |
2262.2 |
329.7 |
2139.6 |
Positive control 2 |
- |
50.9 |
- |
50.0 |
- |
1353.4 |
- |
1230.8 |
RCE= Relative cloning efficiency
MF = Mutant frequency
IMF = Induced mutant frequency
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (positive)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Description of key information
Mammalian DNA damage and/or repair study (alkaline comet assay, oral administration) conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 489 and in compliance with GLP (reliability score 1): Negative in cells of glandular stomach, duodenum and liver (Eurofins / BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories, 2021b).
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian cell study: DNA damage and/or repair
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020/06/22 - 2021/07/19
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 489 (In vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- mammalian comet assay
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Remarks:
- Crl: W I(Han)
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Sex: Male animals were used in the main study as no differences were observed between the male and female animals used in the preliminary dose range-finding study.
- Source: Charles River, 97633 Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: Approximately 7-9 weeks old
- Weight at dosing in main experiment: 253-304 g
- Assigned to test groups randomly: Yes. Prior to randomization detailed clinical observations were made to assure a good health condition. Animals showing pathological signs before administration were excluded from the study. Supplementary animals from the same delivery were provided in exchange.
- Fasting period before study: No
- Housing: The animals were kept in groups of 2-3 animals / sex / group / cage in IVC cages (type III H, polysulphone cages) on Altromin saw fibre bedding.
- Diet: Altromin 1324 maintenance diet for rats and mice ad libitum. (Altromin Spezialfutter GmbH & Co. KG Im Seelenkamp 20, D-32791 Lage)
- Water: Tap water, sulphur acidified to a pH of approximately 2.8 (drinking water, municipal residue control, microbiological controls at regular intervals, ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 +/- 3
- Humidity (%): 55 +/- 10
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: Not given in study report - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: None
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: The test substance was administered undiluted.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Post exposure period:
- Animals were sacrificed 4 hours after second administration of test substance
- Dose / conc.:
- 250 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Dose / conc.:
- 500 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5M
- Control animals:
- yes
- Positive control(s):
- - Positive control substance: Ethylmethanesulfonate;
- Justification for choice of positive control(s): None given in report. This is a standard positive control substance for the in vivo mammalian alkaline comet assay
- Route of administration: Oral
- Doses / concentrations: 200 mg/kg bw, single dose - Tissues and cell types examined:
- Cells of the liver, glandular stomach and duodenum were examined
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- In vivo phase (BSL Bioservice)
CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION: The highest dose was based on the maximum tolerated dose, defined as the highest dose that will be tolerated without evidence of study-limiting toxicity, determined in a dose range-finding study. In this preliminary study, 2 male and 2 female animals were dosed with the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg bw daily for 2 consecutive days. Clinical signs were observed in all animals, and the male and female rats were euthanised 4 hours after the second treatment due to severity of symptoms and out of consideration of animal welfare. Based on these effects, a dose of 500 mg/kg bw was administered orally on 2 consecutive days with a 24-hour interval to one male and one female animal. After the second application, adequate toxicity was not observed at this dose, and a further two animals (one male, one female) were dosed orally with 1000 mg/kg bw on two consecutive days. Adequate toxicity was observed at this dose level, and no gender specific differences were determined. Based on these results, the main study was conducted with male rats and 1000 mg/kg bw, which is the limit dose according to the OECD test guideline 489, was selected as the highest dose in the main experiment.
TREATMENT AND SAMPLING TIMES (in addition to information in specific fields): Treatment occurred during two consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed 4 hours after the second dose. Sampling occurred after termination of the animals.
Tissue Sampling
Four hours after last treatment the liver, glandular stomach and duodenum were removed and a part of each was kept in ice-cold mincing buffer for the comet assay. The other part of isolated organs was preserved in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for histopathological evaluation, if considered necessary by the sponsor.
Organs assignd to comet assay were rinsed with cold mincing buffer to remove residual blood and stored in mincing buffer on ice until further processing. The times between animal death and removal of the tissues as well as the times to process the tissues and slides were tightly controlled and recorded in the raw data.
Ex vivo phase
Tissue preparation:
Isolation of primary hepatocytes:
A portion of the liver was minced with a pair of scissors to isolate the cells. The cell suspension was kept for not more than 15 seconds until bigger fragments of the liver settled on the bottom of the tube. A volume of 30 µL of the supernatant was pipetted into a tube and mixed with 270 µL LMA solution.
Isolation of duodenum cells:
The duodenum was flushed with a syringe filled with cold mincing buffer to wash out the food. Afterwards a portion of the duodenum was minced with a pair of scissors. The cell suspension was kept for not more than 15 seconds until bigger fragments settled on the bottom of the tube. A volume of 30 µL of the supernatant was pipetted into a tube and mixed with 270 µL LMA solution.
Isolation of glandular stomach cells:
The glandular stomach was cut open and washed free of food using cold water. A portion of the glandular stomach was minced with a pair of scissors. The pieces were further crushed with a pestle to release single cells. The suspension was kept for less than 15 seconds to allow large clumps to settle. A volume of 30 µL of the supernatant was pipetted into a tube and mixed with 270 µL LMA solution.
DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION:
The slides used were pre-coated with normal-melting agarose (NMA) and coded with a random number. A volume of 75 µL of cell suspension embedded in low-melting temperature agarose was placed on slides, which were covered with a cover slip and cooled for 10 min on ice (3 slides per animal and tissue).
Lysis:
Cover slips were carefully removed and the slides incubated overnight in chilled lysing solution at 2 - 8 °C in the fridge to lyse cellular and nuclear membranes and allow the release of coiled DNA loops during electrophoresis. After completion of lysis, the slides were rinsed in purified water to remove residual detergent and salts.
Unwinding of DNA and electrophoresis:
Prior to electrophoresis, the slides were incubated in alkaline (pH > 13) electrophoresis solution for 20 min. After alkali unwinding, the single-stranded DNA was electrophoresed under alkaline conditions to enable the formation of DNA tails. The electrophoretic conditions were 0.7 V/cm and approximately 300 mA, with the DNA being electrophoresed for 30 min. The slides were placed in a horizontal gel electrophoresis chamber, positioned close to the anode and covered with electrophoresis solution. Slides were placed in the electrophoresis chamber in a random order.
Neutralisation and dehydration of slides:
After electrophoresis, the slides were neutralized by rinsing with neutralization buffer three times for 5 min each. The slides were incubated for approximately 10 – 20 min in ice-cold ethanol and air-dried afterwards.
DNA staining:
Following dehydration, the cells were stained by applying 75 µL gel red staining solution on top of the slides and covering with a cover slip.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
Comet slides were analysed for potential DNA damage using a fluorescence microscope with magnification (200x) coupled to a camera and the Comet Software ‘Comet Assay IV’ (Perceptive Instrument, software version 2.1.2). The slides were coded so that the evaluator was not aware of which dose group was evaluated.
The calculation of the different parameters was done automatically by the Comet Software, but the set front, middle and back lines of the comet may be adjusted manually if they were not set correctly automatically. All cells of the visual field were scored, except for e.g. overlapping cells, cells with an atypical nucleus, cells with a strong background or “hedgehogs” (cells that exhibit a microscopic image consisting of a small or non-existent head and a large diffuse tail, are considered to be heavily damaged cells). Therefore, cells were classified into three potential categories scorable, non-scorable and “hedgehog” (cells that exhibit a microscopic image consisting of a small or non-existent head and a large diffuse tail are considered to be heavily damaged cells).
To avoid artefacts, only scorable cells (defined round to oval nucleus) and at least 150 cells per sample on two slides (75 cells per slide) were scored. The third back-up slide was scored in case of discordant results. The %-tail intensity is the parameter for evaluation and interpretation of DNA damage, and was determined by the DNA staining intensity present in the tail region expressed as a percentage of the cell's total staining intensity including the nucleus. - Evaluation criteria:
- The assay is considered acceptable if:
- The concurrent negative control data are considered acceptable for addition to the laboratory historical control database,
- The concurrent positive controls should induce responses that are compatible to those previously generated and included in the historical positive control database and produce a statistically significant increase compared with the concurrent negative control,
- Three doses and, if available, 150 cells per organ of each animal have been analysed.
A test item is considered to be clearly positive if:
- Acceptability criteria are fulfilled
- At least one of the test doses exhibits a statistically significant increase in tail intensity compared with the concurrent negative control, and
- This increase is dose-related when evaluated with an appropriate trend test,
- Any of these results are outside the distribution of the historical negative control data
A test item is considered clearly negative if:
- Acceptability criteria are fulfilled
- None of the test concentrations exhibits a statistically significant increase in tail intensity compared with the concurrent negative control,
- There is no dose-related increase at any sampling time when evaluated with an appropriate trend test,
- All results are inside the distribution of the historical negative control data,
- Direct or indirect evidence supports exposure of, or toxicity to, the target tissue(s). - Statistics:
- All slides, including those of positive and negative controls were independently coded and blinded before microscopic analysis. The median %-tail DNA for each slide was determined and the mean of the median values was calculated for each of the tissue types from each animal.
For each tissue type, the mean of the individual animal means was then determined to give a group mean % of tail DNA. Normality was tested according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov-test. For the determination of statistical significances, the mean values of each animal per dose group were evaluated with one-way ANOVA (Dunnett’s test) at the 5 % level (p<0.05). The p value was used as a limit in judging for significance levels in comparison with the corresponding vehicle control. - Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Remarks:
- some signs of systemic toxicity were observed in the high dose animals
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- No vehicle was used; the negative control, 0.9% NaCl, was valid.
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: See Table 1 below
- Additional information on results:
- RESULTS OF RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Dose range: 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg bw
- Solubility: not relevant
- Clinical signs of toxicity in test animals:
2000 mg/kg bw: Clinical signs were observed in all animals, and the male and femal rats were euthanised 4 hours after the second treatment due to severity of symptoms and out of consideration of animal welfare.
500 mg/kg bw: After the second application the only clinical sign left was moving bedding in both genders, which had resolved after 30 minutes.
1000 mg/kg bw: After the second application reduced spontaneous activity, piloerection, moving bedding and salivation, prone position, ataxia and chromodacryorrhea were present. 4 hours later most of the animals recovered from the symptoms. No gender specific differences were determined. Based on these results, the main study was conducted with male rats and 1000 mg/kg bw, which is the limit dose according to the OECD test guideline 489, was selected as the highest dose in the main experiment.
- Evidence of cytotoxicity in tissue analysed: Not applicable
- Rationale for exposure: Initial limit dose showed excessive toxicity, the second dose was too low to elicit adequate toxicity, so a third dose was administered
RESULTS OF DEFINITIVE STUDY
- Appropriateness of dose levels and route: both route of exposure and dose were appropriate
- Results and statistical evaluation: No statistically significant increase in the mean tail intensity relative to the negative control was observed in liver, duodenum and glandular stomach cells of male animals treated with the test substance. - Conclusions:
- In an in vivo mammalian alkaline comet assay conducted in accordance with OECD test guideline 489 and in compliance with GLP (reliability score 1), 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol was administered by oral gavage to groups of five male Wistar rats at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw daily for two consecutive days. The test substance did not induce biologically relevant DNA-strand breaks in liver, glandular stomach and duodenum. The results of the negative control were within laboratory historical control values, and the positive control substance induced a statistically significant increase in tail intensity; the validity criteria were therefore met. It is concluded that 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol is negative for the induction of DNA damage in the in vivo mammalian alkaline comet assay, under the conditions of the experiment.
Reference
Table 1. Summary of Mean Tail intensities [%] in liver, glandular stomach and duodenum
Dose Group (mg/kg bw) |
Mean Tail Intensity [%] |
Clinical Signs |
||
Liver |
Glandular stomach |
Duodenum |
||
PC |
11.83* |
16.86* |
11.36* |
None |
NC |
1.62 |
1.88 |
1.79 |
None |
250 |
1.69 |
2.68 |
4.16 |
Moving bedding, salivation |
500 |
2.01 |
2.94 |
3.73 |
Moving bedding, salivation |
1000 |
0.68 |
2.67 |
1.13 |
e.g. reduced spontaneous activity, prone position, half eyelid closure, piloerection |
Statistically significant trend |
Yes** |
No |
No |
/ |
Historic Control Range |
Negative Control: 0.00° % – 6.11 % Positive Control: 3.14 % – 31.43 % |
Negative Control: 0.89 % – 8.73% Positive Control: 4.66% - 31.23% |
Negative Control: 0.00° % – 7.47% Positive Control: 3.89% - 33.14% |
/ |
* Significantly increased (One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test after normality test by Kolmogorov-Smirnov)
** Statistically significant concentration-dependency was noted but not considered biologically relevant
° A negative value was obtained due to the calculation of the LCL. However, as no negative tail intensities can be measured, the LCL was set to 0.
NC = Negative Control (0.9% NaCl), PC = Positive Control (Ethyl methanesulfonate: 200 mg/kg bw)
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Additional information
In vitro
3-(Triethoxysilyl)propanethiol has been tested for mutagenicity to bacteria in a study conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 471 and in compliance with GLP (BioReliance, 2001, reliability score 1). No evidence of a test substance related increase in the number of revertants was observed with or without activation in the initial or the repeat experiments. It is concluded that the test substance was negative for mutagenicity to bacteria under the conditions of the test.
The potential for induction of damage to chromosomes in mammalian cells was investigated by testing 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol in a study conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 473 and in compliance with GLP (BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories, 2012a, reliability score 1). No evidence for the induction of structural or numerical chromosome aberrations was observed when the substance was tested up to cytotoxic concentrations with and without metabolic activation. Appropriate solvent and positive controls were included and gave expected results. It is concluded that the substance was not clastogenic or aneugenic (does not induce structural or numerical chromosome aberrations) under the conditions of the test.
3-(Triethoxysilyl)propanethiol has been tested for mutagenicity to mammalian cells (thymidine kinase locus) in a reliable study conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 476 and in compliance with GLP (BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories, 2012b, reliability score 1). An increase in the mutant frequency was observed in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells in the absence of metabolic activation. In addition, an increase in the number of small colonies was observed without metabolic activation, suggesting a clastogenic effect. The test substance is considered to have been mutagenic without metabolic activation under the conditions of the study.
In vivo
3-(Triethoxysilyl)propanethiol has been tested in an in vivo mammalian alkaline comet assay conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 489 and in compliance with GLP (Eurofins / BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories, 2021b, reliability score 1).
In an initial dose range-finding study, toxicity was observed but there were no relevant differences between male and female animals. Based on these results, the test substance was administered to male Wistar rats by oral gavage at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw. The animals were dosed twice over two days. Sodium chloride (0.9% ) was used as a negative control; the positive control was ethyl methanesulfonate, administered once by oral gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw.
No signs of systemic toxicity were observed in the low and mid dose groups, except moving bedding and slight salivation in two animals per group. The animals treated with the 1000 mg/kg bw showed moving bedding, salivation, reduced spontaneous activity, prone position, piloerection, hunched posture and half eyelid closure.
The animals were sacrificed 4 hours after the last treatment, and cells from the liver, the glandular stomach and the duodenum were isolated, embedded in agarose, lysed and the DNA was forced to migrate under electrophoresis conditions. 150 cells per animal tissue were evaluated. DNA migration during electrophoresis was determined and expressed as tail intensity.
The tail intensities of the negative control group were within the historical control limits, and the mean values for the test groups were within the range of the concurrent negative control. The positive control induced a statistically significant increase in DNA damage for all evaluated organs.
Under the experimental conditions in this mammalian alkaline comet assay, the test item 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol did not induce biologically relevant DNA-strand breaks in liver, glandular stomach and duodenum after oral administration to rats, and thus is considered to be negative for the induction of DNA damage in vivo.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The potential for mutagenicity indicated in the in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation assay was not confirmed in the in vivo mammalian alkaline comet assay, so no classification of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol is required for germ cell mutagenicity in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
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