Formaldehyde, oligomeric reaction products with aniline

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Administrative data

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP Guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1998

Report date:

1998

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 411 (Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-Day Study)

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane

IUPAC Name:

4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

4,4'-methylenedianiline

EC Number:

202-974-4

EC Name:

4,4'-methylenedianiline

Cas Number:

101-77-9

Molecular formula:

C13H14N2

IUPAC Name:

4,4'-methylenedianiline

Details on test material:

Name: 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane
Source: Ex Fluka
Colour: Pale yellow
Physical state: Solid
Batch reference number: 352776-1796
CTL test substance reference number: Y02436/004
Purity (% w/w): 97.4%
Storage conditions: Ambient temperature in the dark

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Alpk:APrSD

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Rodent Breeding Unit, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park
- Weight at study initiation: Males - 120-145g: Females 100-125 g upon arrival at CTL
- Fasting period before study: No
- Housing: The rats were individually housed in multiple rat racks suitable for animals of this strain and weight range expected during the course of the study.
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 11 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22±3°C
- Humidity (%): 30-70%
- Air changes (per hr): At least 15 changes/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): Artificial giving 12 hours light, 12 hours dark

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

ethanol

Details on exposure:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: at least 7cm x 7cm of the dorso-Iumbar skin
- % coverage: ~10%
- Type of wrap if used: Each dressing consisted of a 4ply gauze patch (approximately 7cm x 7cm) to cover the treated area. This patch was covered by a patch of plastic film held in position by an adhesive bandage (approximately 25cm x 5 or 7.5cm) around which were wrapped 2 pieces of PVC tape.
- Time intervals for shavings or clipplings: Sixteen to thirty-two hours before the first application of the test substance

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): warm water
- Time after start of exposure: 6 hours

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 2ml/kg bodyweight
- Constant volume or concentration used: no
- For solids, paste formed: no

VEHICLE
- Lot/batch no. (if required): Y00332/005

USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: yes

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

The dose preparations were analysed to confIrm satisfactory achieved concentration at all dose levels. This analysis was performed twice during the study. The stability of the test substance in the vehicle at room temperature was evaluated for the low and high dose solutions.
The method of analysis used for the quantitative determination of 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane in ethanol is given in the Appendixof the report.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The animals were dosed dermally, for a total of 50 applications (4-6 applications per 7 day period), over a period of 70 days.

Frequency of treatment:

4-6 applications per 7 day period

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 males and 10 females

Details on study design:

Group Dose level of 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane (mg/kg/day)
1 0
2 3
3 30
4 60
5 90

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at the time of dosing and after decontamination on each application day

DERMAL IRRITATION (if dermal study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: at the time of dosing and after decontamination on each application day

BODY WEIGHT: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule for examinations: each day of dosing throughout the study

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes

WATER CONSUMPTION: No data

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: The eyes of all animals were examined pre-experimentally and those of the control and high dose group animals during the week of termination.

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At study termination
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No
- Animals fasted: No
- How many animals: all animals
- Parameters examined: haemoglobin, red cell count, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, total and differential white blood cell count, platelet count, blood cell morphology, mean cell haemoglobin, haematocrit

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At studyb termination
- Animals fasted: No
- How many animals: all animals
- Parameters examined: urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein, triglycerides, potassium, calcium, total bilirubin, creatine kinase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, alanine aminotransferase activity, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol, sodium, chloride, phosphorus (as phosphate), gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, aspartate aminotransferase activity

URINALYSIS: No data

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
All animals were subjected to a full examination post mortem. This involved an external observation and a careful internal examination of all organs and structures.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Abnormal tissues, liver, thyroid and skin (treated and untreated) were processed from all animals. The kidneys and lungs were processed from the control and high dose group animals only.

Statistics:

All data were evaluated using the GLM procedure in SAS (1989).

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Dermal irritation:

effects observed, treatment-related

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Food efficiency:

effects observed, treatment-related

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Haematological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Details on results:

CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
It was noted that some animals on some days of dosing exhibited signs of distress whilst bandaged for 6 hours. Consequently, alternative types of dressings, bandages and methods to retain the test substance were evaluated to try and alleviate the distress of the animals. As the alternative methods did not significantly reduce the stress experienced by some of the animals, the study was terminated early on day 71.
There were four early terminations unrelated to treatment with 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane. In addition, one male rat (30 mg
4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane/kg bodyweight/day group) was killed for humane reasons on day 11 since necrotic skin was noted on the area of application.
With regards to general clinical observations, there were no toxicologically relevant findings at any dose level in either males or females treated with 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
Treatment of male and female rats with 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane had no significant effects on bodyweights throughout the study.

FOOD CONSUMPTION
Food consumption was slightly lower in female rats in the 90 mg 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane/kg bodyweight/day group, and the maximum effect was 7% below control values. This small effect is considered to be of little toxicological relevance.

FOOD EFFICIENCY
There was no effect of treatment on food utilisation.

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
The administration of 90 mg 4,4' diamindiphenylmethane/kg bodyweight/day to both male and female rats for 5 days per week for 70 days had no effect on the appearance of the eyes as evaluated by ophthalmoscopy

HAEMATOLOGY
Overall, there were no treatment related findings on any haematological parameters evaluated.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
In the high dose group, plasma cholesterol was increased in male rats, plasma albumin to globulin ratio was decreased in males, and plasma levels of glucose, albumin and total protein were significantly decreased in female rats which may reflect the lower food consumption in this group. All of these changes are minimal and are considered to be of no toxicological significance. Certain other parameters were also statistically significantly changed in either male or female rats, but as they only occurred in the 2 lowest groups, it is considered that they are unrelated to treatment.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
Kidney weights for the males in the high dose group were slightly lower than the control values. However, in the absence of pathological findings, this small decrease is considered to be of little toxicological significance. There were no other effects of treatment on organ weights in either male or female rats.

GROSS PATHOLOGY
There were treatment-related macroscopic findings in the treated skin. There was an increased incidence of scabs in males and females treated with 30, 60 or 90 mg dose groups, and discoloration of the skin in males from all treatment groups and in females treated with 30, 60 or 90 mg dose groups. In addition, a small number of animals from treated groups had scabs in the untreated skin. There were no other treatment-related macroscopic findings.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
There were treatment-related microscopic findings in the treated skin of rats killed intercurrently and at termination. There was an increased incidence of lesions which were considered to represent dermatitis in males and females treated with 30, 60 or 90 mg 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane/kglday.
No treatment-related effects were seen in any of the other tissues examined.

Effect levels

1

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Remarks:

systemic toxicity

Effect level:

90 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: highest test dose

2

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Remarks:

skin lesions

Effect level:

3 mg/kg bw/day

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: scabs and discoloration of the skin

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The dermal application of 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane to rats at doses of 30, 60 or 90 mg/kg bodyweight/day for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 10 weeks, resulted in skin lesions both macroscopically (scabs) and microscopically (dermatitis). The no-effect-level for skin lesions was 3 mg 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane/kg bodyweight/day. However, systemically there were no treatment-related findings and the no-effect-level for systemic toxicity was 90 mg 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane/kg bodyweight/day.