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EC number: 237-016-4 | CAS number: 13586-84-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Relevant and reliable data that could be used for classification and PNEC for freshwater algae were retrieved for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. EC30 values, only, were available for Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiand therefore were not carried forward for hazard classification or PNEC derivation. For Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (the more sensitive species), reported EC50s ranged from 95 - 486 µg Co/L and the EC10s ranged from 22.0 - 297 µg Co/L; variability is attributed to differences in the characteristics of the test waters. Values used for CSA are reported as geometric means of available data.
Relevant and reliable data that could be used for classification and PNEC for marine algae were retrieved for three different species: Champia parvula (seaweed), Skeletonema costatum (marine diatom), and Dunaliella tertiolecta (marine flagellate). The EC50s ranged from 24.1 µg Co/L for seaweed to 71314 µg Co/L for flagellate to 100,000 µg Co/L for marine diatom. EC10s ranged from 1.23 µg Co/L for seaweed to 590.3 µg Co/L for diatom and 11,961 µg Co/L for marine flagellate. Test results were obtained in experiments that followed international accepted guidance and were based on measured levels of dissolved cobalt as cobalt dichloride.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 310.4 µg/L
- EC50 for marine water algae:
- 24.1 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 76.4 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
- 1.23 µg/L
Additional information
Freshwater:
From the database of cobalt toxicity to freshwater algae, NOEC/EC10 high quality values are reported for the Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae species (Heijerick et al 2007; OSU 2015). Tables showing the EC10 values of high quality that were used to derive the HC5 and aquatic freshwater PNEC are in the attached document.
Table. High quality studies used for derivation of the freshwater aquatic EC50, and the HC5 and PNEC
|
Species |
Endpoint |
Value (mg Co/L) |
OSU 2015 |
Raphidocelis subcapitata |
Growth inhibition |
EC50: 485.7 EC50: 397.1 EC50: 199.4 EC50: 146.4 EC50: 151.5 EC50: 95.2 EC10: 296.5 EC10: 148.3 EC10: 115.8 EC10: 62.7 EC10: 21.5 EC10: 38 |
OSU 2020 |
Raphidocelis subcapitata |
Growth inhibition |
EC50: 571.2 EC50: 803.7 EC50: 819.4 EC50: 585.5 EC10: 264.7 EC10: 317.4 EC10: 407.5 EC10: 226.2 |
Heijerick et al. 2007 |
Raphidocelis subcapitata |
Growth inhibition |
EC50: 144 EC10: 23 EC10: 30.3 EC10:38.2 EC10:30.2 EC10:38.9 EC10:92.6 EC10:40.2 EC10:70.2 EC10:59.6 EC10:64.6 EC10:105.1 EC10: 148 EC10:92.2 EC10:126.4 EC10:131.9 EC10:131 EC10:76.1 EC10:59.4 EC10:23 EC10:12.6 EC10: 205 EC10: 41 EC10: 36 EC10:101 EC10: 118
|
Marine:
From the database of cobalt toxicity to marine algae, 10 high quality NOEC and EC10 values are reported for three species. Toxicity values (EC10) range from 1.23 μg Co/L for growth of the marine algae, Champia parvula (CDI 2010m) to 11961 μg Co/L for growth of the marine flagellate, Dunaliella tertiolecta (CDI 2010l). The table below indicates the high quality EC10 values selected for derivation of HC5 and the marine aquatic PNEC:
Table 6.1.5 -2. High quality studies used for derivation of the HC5 and the marine aquatic PNEC
Key study |
Species |
Endpoint |
Value (mg Co/L) |
CDI, 2010k |
Champia parvula (seaweed) |
Cystocarp production |
EC50: 24.1 EC10: 1.23 |
CDI, 2010m |
Skeletonema costatum (marine diatom) |
Growth rate |
EC50: 100000 EC10: 590.3 |
CDI, 2010l |
Dunaliella tertiolecta (marine flagellate) |
Growth rate |
EC50: 71314 EC10: 11961 |
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