Registration Dossier

Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets

Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Currently viewing:

Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
23 Oct - 23 Nov 2017 and 04 Jan - 28 Feb 2018
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Version / remarks:
19 Jul 2006
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Remarks:
LC-MS/MS
Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: Stock solution 1 (360 g/L, 1st application) and stock solution 2 (120 g/L, 2nd application)
- Sampling method: The 10 mL samples from the biological test were stabilised by addition of 15 µL of 0.25 M EDTA solution. Aliquots of these solutions were diluted with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution and derivatised with methyl iodide.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Derivatised and underivatised solutions were stored deep frozen (≤ - 20 °C).
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Method of application to soil surface: 100.8 g test item (41.1%) were dissolved up to 290 g deionised water (1st application; all plant species except Solanum lycopersicum) or 18.0 g test item (41.1%) were dissolved up to 150 g deionised water (2nd application, Solanum lycopersicum) by intense stirring. A second application was necessary as the validity criteria were not fulfilled for Solanum lycopersicum after the 1st application. The stock solutions were analytically verified. Dilutions were prepared by serial dilutions of 100 g out of the next higher cnocentration made to 300 g with deionised water (1st application; all plant species except S. lycopersium) or 50 g out of the next higher cnocentration made to 150 g with deionised water (2nd application; S. lycopersicum). Then, adequate volumes of these dilutions were given to fine quartz sand and mixed with a laboratory mixer for around 5 minutes. The amount of quartz sand depended on the water content of the used charge of soil (49.8 g quartz sand per kg soil (1st application) or 47.7 g quartz sand per kg soil (2nd application)). All sand mixtures were given to adequate volumes of soil and each batch was mixed thoroughly for 5 min in a laboratory mixer. The soil for one treatment was treated in one to two batches and then split into the replicates.
- Controls: The control was treated with the same amount of only water treated sand as the test item groups.
Species:
Brassica napus
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Oilseed rape
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Smart
- Source of seed: Syngenta Seeds
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Soybean
- Plant family: Fabaceae
- Variety: Cardiff
- Source of seed: Saatzucht Donau
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Cucumber
- Plant family: Cucurbitaceae
- Variety: Zircon, F1
- Source of seed: Hild Samen GmbH
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Tomato
- Plant family: Solanaceae
- Variety: Hilmar
- Source of seed: Bruno Nebelung GmbH
Species:
Lolium perenne
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Perennial ryegrass
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: Deutsches Weidelgras ZS
- Source of seed: Sämereien Jehle
Species:
Allium cepa
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Onion
- Plant family: Amaryllidaceae
- Variety: Sturon
- Source of seed: Bingenheimer Saatgut
Test type:
seedling emergence and seedling growth test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
steam sterilized
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks:
Exposure time was 14 to 21 d after 50% germination in the control depending on the growth of the seedlings.
Test temperature:
21.4 °C (mean)
21.2 °C (mean for Solanum lycopersicum)
pH:
5.84 ± 0.6
Moisture:
59% (mean)
56% (mean for Solanum lycopersicum)
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: Growth chamber
- Test container: Commercial plastic flower pots (15 cm diameter)
- Method of seeding: Only untreated seeds were used. The seeds were introduced manually into the soil. After sowing the pots were watered.
- No. of seeds per container: 3 (B. napus), 2 (G. max, C. sativus, S. lycopersicum), and 5 (L. perenne, A. cepa)
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4 to 10 pots per treatment group were sown. At least 20 seeds were tested per treatment group. Each pot represented one replicate.
- No. of replicates per control: 4 to 10 pots per treatment group
- Other: For a given test species, all seeds used in the test were from the same source and lot number.

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE
- Pesticide use history at the collection site: No pesticide treatments were performed in the year of sampling and for at least two years before.
- Collection procedures: The soil was steam sterilized, delivered and analysed by LUFA, Speyer (Germany).
- Particle size: ≤ 0.2 cm
- Soil taxonomic classification: LUFA 2.3 (USDA: sandy loam)
- Organic carbon (%): 0.68 ± 0.04%
- Pretreatment of soil: Steam sterilization

GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h dark
- Mean light intensity: 252 µE/m²/s (and 215 µE/m²/s for Solanum lycopersicum)
- Watering regime and schedules: A spot check on soil moisture was carried out daily. Bottom watering (through saucers) was done where necessary. Water was given in order to assure optimal water supply of the plants.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
(1) Fresh weight: The fresh weight of the above ground part of all survived plants of a pot (each pot is considered a replicate) was determined 14 or 21 days after 50% seedling emergence in the control. If all plants of a pot were dead, the value for this replicates was "0".
(2) Germination: Germination was checked daily on weekdays (excluding weekends) until 50% of the control plants had emerged. Further checks were done weekly.
(3) Mortality: The number of living and dead plants was recorded 7 and 14 days or 7, 14 and 21 days after 50% seedling emergence in the control. A plant was considered dead if no living tissue could be found on the leaves or shoots. All other plants were considered living.
(4) Phytotoxicity: Phytotoxicity (e.g. chlorosis, necrosis, abnormal growth) was visually assessed every week according to EPPO Standard PP 1/135 (4) after 50% seedling emergence in the control.
(5) Growth stages: Growth stages on day 14 or 21 after 50% seedling emergence in the control were reported according to BBCH-Monograph - Growth stages.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: geometrical factor of 3
- Range finding study: Yes, non-GLP.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Control, 4.12, 12.3, 37.0, 111, 333, and 1000 mg test item/kg dry soil (nominal)
Control, 1.69, 5.06, 15.21, 45.62, 136.86, and 411 mg a.i./kg dry soil (nominal)
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Brassica napus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
133 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence limits: 132 - 135 mg/kg soil dw
Species:
Brassica napus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
54.66 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
250 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence limits: 201 - 292 mg/kg soil dw
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
102.75 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
110 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence limits: 103 - 116 mg/kg soil dw
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
45.21 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
75 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: with reservation
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
30.825 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
62.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence limits: 46.5 - 84.1 mg/kg soil dw
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
25.65 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Lolium perenne
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
465 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence limits: 265 - 1145 mg/kg soil dw
Species:
Lolium perenne
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
191.12 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Allium cepa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
203 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence limits: 165 - 253 mg/kg soil dw
Species:
Allium cepa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
83.43 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Brassica napus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
72 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence interval: 70.2 - 73.8 mg test item/kg dry soil
Species:
Brassica napus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
29.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
123 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence interval: 65.0 - 163 mg test item/kg dry soil
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
50.55 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
59.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence interval: 32.8 - 73.4 mg test item/kg dry soil
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
24.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
34.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence interval: n.d.
Remarks:
with reservation, p (F) = 0.053
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
14.34 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
20.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence interval: 9.45 - 29.6 mg test item/kg dry soil
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
8.26 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Lolium perenne
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
205 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence interval: 5.51 - 324 mg test item/kg dry soil
Species:
Lolium perenne
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
84.26 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Species:
Allium cepa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
102 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: 95% confidence interval: 68.5 - 130 mg test item/kg dry soil
Remarks:
based on each replicate per concentration
Species:
Allium cepa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
41.92 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: fresh weight
Details on results:
See "Any other information on results, incl. tables"

Reported statistics and error estimates:
Statistical analyses were performed with ToxRat Professional, Version 3.2.1 (ToxRat Solutions GmbH).

Fresh weight data were tested for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance using the Shapiro-Wilk's test (alpha = 0.05) and the Levene's test (alpha = 0.05). If the data were normally distributed, homogeneous and showed a monotonic dose-response the Williams t-test (multiple comparison, one-sided smaller, alpha = 0.05) was used for comparing treatment groups with the control. If the data were normally distributed and not homogeneous the Bonferroni-Welch t-test (multiple comparison, one-sided smaller, alpha = 0.05) was used. If the data were not normally distributed the Bonferroni-Holm U-test (multiple comparison, one-sided smaller, alpha = 0.05) was used.
ECx values were determined by regression analysis (Probit). When no significant dose-response relation on the mean values for each treatment group was found (p(F) > 0.005) the regression analysis was performed using all replicates for fitting.
For the mortality and germination data Fischer's Exact Binomial Test was used (with Bonferroni Correction, multiple comparison, one-sided greater, alpha = 0.05).

VALIDITY CRITERIA

The study met the criteria laid down by the guideline (Table 1) and is thus valid.

Table 1. Validity criteria.

Criterion

Outcome

Evaluation

The Germination rate of the control seeds should be at least 70%.

85 – 100%

Yes

The mean survival of emerged control seedlings should be at least 90%.

100%

Yes

The control seedlings should not exhibit visible phytotoxic effects and the plants should exhibit only normal variation in growth and morphology for that particular species.

The control seedlings exhibited no visible phytotoxic effects and the plants exhibited only normal variation in growth and morphology for that particular species.

Yes

 

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

The mean analytical recovery rate of the test item in the stock solution of the 1st application was 95% of the nominal value. The mean recovery rate in the stock solution of the 2nd application was 90% of the nominal value. The analyte was not detectable in any of the control solutions (deionized water) from the 1st and 2nd application.

BIOLOGICAL RESULTS

Fresh weight.The most sensitive species in terms of fresh weight was Solanum lycopersicum with an EC50 (14 d) of 75.0 mg test item/kg soil dw. Since this value was regarded with reservation (narrowly above alpha level), the EC50 was also calculated per replicate, and was 62.4 mg test item/kg soil dw. S. lycopersicum was followed by B. napus (EC50 (14 d) = 133 mg test item/kg soil dw) and C. sativus (EC50 (14 d) = 110 mg test item/kg soil dw), which were followed by G. max (EC50 = 250 mg test item/kg soil dw) and A. cepa (EC50 (21 d) = 203 mg test item/kg soil dw). The least sensitive species was L. perenne with an EC50 (21 d) of 465 mg test item/kg soil dw (Table 2).

Germination.The germination rate was statistically significantly reduced for S. lycpersicum at 333 mg test item/kg soil dw and for C. sativus, L. perenne and A. cepa at 1000 mg test item/kg soil dw. The germination rate for B. napus was not statistically significantly reduced (Table 2).

Mortality. Mortality was statistically significant for C. sativus at 333 mg test item/kg soil dw (40%) (Table 2).

Phytotoxicity. The main phytotoxic effect observed for all plant species was growth reduction. Additionally, B. napus and G. max showed chlorosis and G. max, C. sativus, L. perenne and A. cepa showed necrosis (Table 2).

The obtained effect concentrations are summarized in Table 3.


 


Table 2. Summarized results of fresh weight, germination, mortality, phytotoxicity and plant growth.

 

Treatment group

[mg test item/kg dry soil]

Germination

[%]

Germination statistics

Mortality

[%]

Mortality statistics

Fresh weight [g]

Standard Deviation

Effect*

[%]

Fresh weight statistics

Phytotoxicity

[%]

Growth stage (BBCH)

Time of Evaluation**

 

 

 

 

final check

 

final check

 

 

 

day 7

day 14

day 21

final check

Species

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Brassica napus

Control

100

 

0

 

7.70

± 0.88

-

 

0

0

-

13-14

4.12

100

n.s.1

0

-

9.18

± 1.83

19.3

n.s.2

0

0

-

13-14

12.3

100

n.s.1

0

-

9.66

± 1.66

25.5

n.s.2

7

4

-

13-14

37.0

100

n.s.1

0

-

8.59

± 1.12

11.6

n.s.2

1

4

-

13-14

111

95

n.s.1

0

-

4.98

± 1.95

-35.2

s.2

17

8

-

13

333

100

n.s.1

0

-

0.22

± 0.04

-97.12

s.2

95

94

-

10-11

Glycine max

Control

85

 

0

 

9.98

± 3.63

-

 

0

0

-

14-15

12.3

95

n.s.1

0

-

8.74

± 2.50

-12.4

n.s.3

11

7

-

12-14

37.0

95

n.s.1

0

-

9.41

± 1.52

-5.7

n.s.3

8

6

-

13-15

111

100

n.s.1

0

-

10.72

± 2.10

7.4

n.s.3

6

6

-

13-14

333

95

n.s.1

0

-

2.86

± 0.66

-71.3

s.3

26

29

-

12-14

1000

80

n.s.1

0

-

1.57

± 0.57

-84.3

s.3

48

50

-

12-13

Cucumis sativus

Control

85

 

0

 

7.04

± 1.37

-

 

0

0

-

12-13

12.3

90

n.s.1

0

n.s.1

8.23

± 2.13

17.0

n.s.3

0

0

-

12-13

37.0

95

n.s.1

0

n.s.1

8.42

± 0.83

19.6

n.s.3

0

0

-

12-13

111

85

n.s.1

29

n.s.1

3.44

± 1.81

-51.2

s3

45

35

-

12

333

75

n.s.1

40

s.1

0.16

± 0.12

-97.8

s3

95

96

-

09-10

1000

45

s.1

11

n.s.1

0.12

± 0.11

-98.3

s3

90

95

-

10

 


 

Table 2. Summarized results of fresh weight, germination, mortality,phytotoxicity and plant growth (continued).

 

Treatment group

[mg test item/kg dry soil]

Germination

[%]

Germination statistics

Mortality

[%]

Mortality statistics

Fresh weight [g]

Standard Deviation

Effect*

[%]

Fresh weight statistics

Phytotoxicity

[%]

Growth stage (BBCH)

Time of Evaluation**

 

 

 

 

final check

 

final check

 

 

 

day 7

day 14

day 21

final check

Species

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Solanum lycopersicum

Control

95

 

0

 

1.62

± 0.72

-

 

0

0

-

12

4.12

100

n.s.1

0

-

1.28

± 0.49

-20.7

n.s.2

0

0

-

12

12.3

95

n.s.1

0

-

1.41

± 0.46

-12.6

n.s.2

0

2

-

12

37.0

94

n.s.1

0

-

1.78

± 0.79

10.2

n.s.2

7

5

-

12

111

95

n.s.1

0

-

0.31

± 0.29

-80.8

s.2

28

42

-

10-12

333

60

s.1

0

-

0.02

± 0.02

-98.6

s.2

79

92

-

10

Lolium perenne

Control

95

 

0

 

4.47

± 0.41

-

 

0

0

0

23-24

12.3

90

n.s.1

0

-

4.66

± 0.66

4.1

n.s.4

2

3

4

23-24

37.0

100

n.s.1

0

-

3.87

± 1.87

-13.4

n.s.4

0

0

3

22-23

111

85

n.s.1

0

-

5.03

± 1.79

12.3

n.s.4

2

3

1

22-24

333

95

n.s.1

0

-

3.12

± 1.03

-30.3

n.s.4

6

3

15

22-24

1000

50

s.1

0

-

0.53

± 0.41

-88.2

s.4

11

15

33

13-21

Allium cepa

Control

95

 

0

 

2.20

± 0.30

-

 

0

0

0

12

12.3

90

n.s.1

0

n.s.1

2.21

± 0.44

0.7

n.s.2

1

1

0

12

37.0

90

n.s.1

0

n.s.1

2.17

± 0.93

-1.4

n.s.2

1

6

5

12

111

95

n.s.1

5

n.s.1

2.24

± 0.28

1.9

n.s.2

5

5

6

12

333

80

n.s.1

6

n.s.1

0.27

±0.17

-87.5

s.2

6

46

58

11-12

1000

20

s.1

0

n.s.1

0.03

± 0.03

-98.5

s.2

33

52

84

09-12

The results represent rounded values calculated on the exact raw data

*: negative values indicate reduction compared to control

**: day after 50% seedling emergence in the control

s. : significant

n.s.: not significant

1: multiple comparison Fischer’s Exact Binomial Test with Bonferroni Correction, alpha = 0.05

2: multiple comparison Bonferroni-Welch t-test, alpha = 0.05

3: multiple comparison Bonferroni-Holm U-test, alpha = 0.05


Table 3. Summary of effect concentrations (based on fresh weight)

 

NOEC

LOEC

 

 

EC10

EC20

EC50

 

 

[mg test item/kg soil dw]

statistical analysis

 

[mg test item/kg soil dw]

statistical analysis

Brassica napus

37.0

111

1

 

72.0

89.0

133

4

lower 95% cl

70.2

87.5

132

upper 95% cl

73.8

90.3

135

R^2 = 0.999

 

 

 

Glycine max

111

333

2

 

123#

157#

250#

4

lower 95% cl

65.0

97.4

201

upper 95% cl

163

196

292

R^2 = 0.999

 

 

 

Cucumis sativus

37.0

111

2

 

59.6

73.5

110

4

lower 95% cl

32.8

49.3

103

upper 95% cl

73.4

84.7

116

R^2 = 0.999

 

 

 

Solanum lycopersicum

37.0

111

2

 

34.9*

45.4*

75.0*

4

lower 95% cl

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

upper 95% cl

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

R^2 = 0.999

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20.1*

29.6*

62.4*

4

lower 95% cl

9.45

17.0

46.5

upper 95% cl

29.6

40.6

84.1

R^2 = 0.999

 

 

 

Lolium perenne

333

1000

3

 

205

271

465

4

lower 95% cl

5.51

25.7

265

upper 95% cl

324

405

1145

R^2 = 0.999

 

 

 

Allium cepa

111

333

1

 

102#

129#

203#

4

lower 95% cl

68.5

94.8

165

upper 95% cl

130

160

253

R^2 = 0.999

 

 

 

Results represent rounded values based on exact data

n.d. not determined due to mathematical reasons

# the ECx-values are calculated on each replicate per concentration

* The ECx-values are with reservation (p(F) > alpha = 0.05; p(F) = 0.053)

1 multiple comparison Bonferroni-Welch t-test, alpha = 0.05

2 multiple comparison Bonferroni-Holm U-test, alpha = 0.05

3 multiple comparison Williams t-test, alpha = 0.05

4 Probit Analysis, cl = confidence limits

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Remarks:
For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.

Description of key information

EC50 (14 d) = 75.0 mg/kg soil dw = 30.825 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal, OECD 208, S. lycopersicum)

EC10 (14 d) = 20.1 mg/kg soil dw = 8.26 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal, OECD 208, S. lycopersicum)

NOEC (14 d) = 37.0 mg/kg soil dw = 15.21 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal, OECD 208, S. lycopersicum)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
30.825 mg/kg soil dw
Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
14.34 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

There is one GLP study available, in which the long-term toxicity of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (CAS 128-04-1) was assessed according to OECD guideline 208.

An aqueous test item solution (41.1%) was tested for effects on seedling emergence and seedling growth of six plant species from six different plant families, including monocotyledoneae (Lolium perenne, Allium cepa) and dicotyledoneae (Brassica napus, Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, and Solanum lycopersicum). The study was performed in a growth chamber with exposure concentrations ranging from 4.12 to 1000 mg test item/kg soil dw in a geometric series with a spacing factor of 3. The test item was mixed into the soil before sowing and at least 20 seeds in 4 – 10 replicates were tested per concentration and species for an exposure duration of 14 to 21 days after 50% germination in the control (depending on the growth of the seedlings). A negative control was run in parallel and the concentration of the active ingredient in the stock solutions were analytically verified by LC-MS/MS. The assessed endpoints included fresh weight (the above ground part of all survived plants of a pot/replicate), germination, mortality and phytotoxicity. The effect concentrations were based on fresh weight data. The mean analytical recovery rate of the test item in the two stock solutions was 95 and 90% of the nominal value, respectively.

The most sensitive species in terms of fresh weight was Solanum lycopersicum with an EC50 (14 d) of 75.0 mg test item/kg soil dw (corresponding to 30.825 mg a.i./kg soil dw), followed by Brassica napus (EC50 (14 d) = 133 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 54.66 mg a.i./kg soil dw) and Cucumis sativus (EC50 (14 d) 110 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 45.21 mg a.i./kg soil dw), Glycine max (EC50 (14 d) 250 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 102.75 mg a.i./kg soil dw) and Allium cepa (EC50 (21 d) 203 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 83.43 mg/kg soil dw) and finally Lolium perenne (EC50 (21 d) 465 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 191.12 mg/kg soil dw).

The lowest NOEC (14 d) was 37.0 mg test item/kg soil dw (corresponding to 15.21 mg a.i./kg soil dw) obtained for Brassica napus, Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum. The obtained EC10 values are, in increasing order, 34.9/20.1 mg test item/kg soil dw (14.34/8.26 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for S. lycopersicum (14 d), 59.6 mg test item/kg soil dw (23.26 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for C. sativus (14 d), 72.0 mg test item/kg soil dw (29.6 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for B. napus (14 d), 102 mg test item/kg soil dw (41.92 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for A. cepa (21 d), 123 mg test item/kg soil dw (50.55 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for G. max (14 d) and 205 mg test item/kg soil dw (84.26 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for L. perenne (21 d). The germination rate was statistically significantly reduced for Solanum lycopersicum at 333 mg/kg soil dw and for Cucumis sativus, Lolium perenne and Allium cepa at 1000 mg/kg soil dw. The germination rate of Brassica napus was not statistically significantly reduced. Statistically significant mortality was observed for Cucumis sativus at 333 mg/kg soil dw (40%).

The main phytotoxic effect observed for all plant species was growth reduction. Additionally, Brassica napus and Glycine max showed chlorosis and Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, Lolium perenne and Allium cepa showed necrosis.